He aha te mea te Hīpoki Whatu ā? IP-wāhitau, me te whatu kanohi

Ka rite ki matau koutou, ia rorohiko i roto i te whatunga mea katoa kia ia, kua he wāhitau tau i huaina te IP-wāhitau. Noatia, he reira te tikanga pono anake hoki whatunga e hāngai ana i runga i te kawa TCP / IP, Heoi, ko te inaianei tata tetahi whatunga i runga i tona pūtake. Heoi, motu ke i tenei wāhitau, he whatunga he torutoru tawhā e pā tona pāhekoheko ki ētahi atu pūrere taupunimahi. Ko te tetahi tuatahi o ratou ko te kanohi whatunga, e ka hipokina tatou i roto i tenei tuhinga.

Hīpoki Whatu ā, wāhitau kuwaha, me ...

Ki te tamata koe ki te tiki mōhiohio e pā ana ki te hononga o nāianei, i roto i te tua ki whakatapua ki tō rorohiko, i te wāhitau IP, ka kite ano koutou mara pērā i whatu kanohi, kuwaha taunoa, me te tūmau kotahi, neke atu rānei DNS, kaua, ratou wāhitau. Hoki te uninitiated, enei raraunga katoa tohu he tìrango anake o tau, engari ki te whakamahere koe ki te mahi ki te tautuhinga o whatunga rorohiko i runga i kawa TCP / IP, koutou i runga i enei ngā kia mohio koe i te iti ake.

He kupu ruarua e pā ana ki IP-wāhitau

I mua i te ruku tatou ki te uru raau, a te whakamārama he aha he kanohi whatu, kia tatou mahara e he reira IP-wāhitau te: He aha te mahi i ngā te tau i roto i reira, me te aha e haafaufaa taea te tango ratou. Kōkiri rāhui kotahi ira: katoa o te kōrero i roto i tēnei tuhinga ka mahi ki te kawa IPv4, mai ko ia te reira te tangata ko tonu tenei ra te nuinga "rere".

Ko te kupu, ngā IP-wāhitau o ngā tau e wha, i ia o e taea te tango i te uara i te kore ki te 255. Ehara i te mea e tika ana ki te waiho i te ahorangi o te pāngarau, ki te tātai: tika kia waiho he iti ake atu i te wha piriona ngā. Tetahi pūrere i roto i te whatunga TCP / IP he wāhitau rite, ahakoa o te mea ngā mahi reira mahi - ahakoa he reira he pūreretā whatunga, pouara, ADSL-pouara waea atamai ranei ki te pūrere whatunga ka anake e hono ki te ka te mea he raupapa ahurei o te katoa te wha mati taua.

wāhitau rohe

Ki te kahore he i roto i to koutou whare neke atu i te kotahi rorohiko, koe pea kite e nga wāhitau katoa i nui i roto i te noa - maha te rerekētanga i waenganui i a ratou kei roto i te mati whakamutunga anake, mo te tauira, ki te he te wāhitau 192.168.1.10, na te rua o kēne kotahi o tō rorohiko hei 192.168.1.9. Ko te tino taiao hoki whatunga kāinga tenei āhuatanga, no te mea te raraunga wāhitau - ā-. E whakamahia ratou ki te whakawhiti raraunga i roto i to koutou whatunga kāinga, pērā i waenganui i rorohiko. Eaha te tupu i roto i taua mau taime, ina e hiahia ana koe ki te tiki mōhiohio i te Ipurangi?

kuwaha

I mua i timata koe ki te whakahoki kupu i te pātai o te mea he kanohi whatu, me mahi koutou ki tetahi wāhanga whatunga - te kuwaha. Ka rite ki matau ana koe, ki tō rorohiko kāinga kia haere ki roto ki te Tukutuku Ao Whānui, me te reira he kuwaha - he tūranga ia te tikanga nui rānei te pouara he pouwhanga ranei, ranei (ki te kore he te whakahaere e pā ana ki te whare, a ki runga ki te mahi) tūmau. A, no te ui koe tetahi whārangi tukutuku, whakaae tō rorohiko e te tūmau, ko e e rapu ana koutou hoki i roto i to koutou whatunga kāinga. Ki te te ia i reira (mo te tauira, ki te puritia e koe i te pae i runga i tetahi o ratou rorohiko), he mea noa, i roto i te meka, nui kei te tupu - rorohiko whakapumautia he hononga i roto i te whatunga rohe, me te timata whakawhitihia. Heoi, ki te ngana koe ki te whakatuwhera i te pae, kei runga i te tūmau mamao, i roto i te take tomo te reira i te kuwaha.

He aha te mea te Hīpoki Whatu ā?

Na e whiwhi tatou ki te kati ki te pātai o te mea ko te kanohi whatu. I roto i te meka, he reira he tirohanga poto o te mea e rorohiko i te whatunga taua ki au, a ka e rapu utu i te hononga waharoa. Mask - he tauira superimposed i runga i te IP-wāhitau rorohiko ki nei hiahia reira ki te hono. Ki te te tauira "haere pai," e te tika katoa, engari ki te kahore - tonoa te tono kei te ki rēhita te pūrere e i roto i te whatunga rite te tautuhinga kuwaha taunoa.

He aha te mea te Hīpoki Whatu ā?

Ki te mea ko koe te whatunga kaiwhakamahi kāinga toharite arā, o rorohiko maha, i te mea he kuwaha ki te Internet, na he pea ki te titiro rite to koutou kanohi whatu: 255.255.255.0. Enei whika - te kanohi whatu pera-ka karanga ko te 24, e tohu e te mea e, e taea te uru reira tika te mati tuatahi e toru i roto i te kēmu IP-wāhitau ki tō wāhitau.

E te ara, he hāngai te tauira o 255.255.255.0 anake, ki te e mahi koe ki te pūnaha whakahaere ohie, me te waia pērā i Windows. Linux pūnaha e hāngai ana i runga i te taua, tae atu i te ingoa, me te whaikörero Android, whakamahi he huarahi paku rerekē i roto i i whakatakotoria i te kanohi whatu te he maha pütahitanga ranei e rua-mati. I roto i te tauira i runga ake-whakahuatia, taua tau ko 24.

He reira taea ki te ako i te Hīpoki Whatu ā?

Ahakoa te meka i tenei take ko raro i te wāhi iti, e kore e mutu ngā kaiwhakamahi ki te ui i te reira ki te rapu engines. Te whakatau i te kanohi whatu o IP he tata e taea, mai, i runga i te pūtake o te kotahi anake IP-wāhitau, e kore e taea ki te mea rite te mea ahua o te tauine he whatunga rohe tohaina ranei. Tetahi wahi i roto i ngā take pēnei i taea te āwhina ngā mōhiohio e pā ana ki te kuwaha, mo te tauira, ki te he te 192.168.1.2 wāhitau tō rorohiko, me te kuwaha - 192.168.0.1, kia waiho te kanohi whatu i te iti rawa 255.255.0.0, te kore e kia roaahia'tu te kuwaha.

I roto i te whānui, i te IP-wāhitau, me te whatu kanohi whakaritea i tetahi mea ki te mahi i, kaua, e kore e taea e kitea tetahi i raro i tetahi atu ranei. He tika te whatunga rorohiko ki te mahi tawhā e rua ki te hanga i tētahi hononga angitu ki te pūrere ngā.

Ko te hapa te utu

He aha e taea e tupu ki te hanga koe i te hape? I runga i te meka e tatou e matau i teie nei e te taua kanohi whatu, ka taea e koe te mea ki te tino: ki te te whakatakotoria reira hē, i reira te mea he tūponotanga nui e ka tō rorohiko, ka hatepea atu i te ao i waho. Hei tauira, ki te tomo koutou rite te kanohi 0.0.0.0, ka tango i te pūnaha whakahaere i tetahi IP-wāhitau o te rohe, a ka kore noa tamata ki te whakamahi i te kuwaha e ka arahi ki te mate o ngā whai wāhitanga ki te kōrero ki te rorohiko i waho tou whatunga rohe.

Ki te hanga matou i tetahi atu hape, te tauwhāiti rawa "tata" te kanohi whatu, ka kia tīmata i tō rorohiko ki te wheako raruraru kua tūhono ki te "noho tata" o te LAN - noa, ki te tahuri koe ki te IP rohe, ka tohu whatu kanohi e uru ki reira he taea i roto i anake te kuwaha, a kia arahi ai rānei ki te kawenga nui haere ki runga ki te whatunga ki te unavailability tino o rorohiko i roto i "lokalke" ranei.

Tuhinga whatu kanohi

whakamahi pūnaha whakahaere rerekē huarahi e tika ana ki te waihanga o te kanohi whatunga. I roto i te tuhituhi paerewa Windows whakaaro te ki kia te tohu o tau moka-waru wha, me ētahi atu pūnaha whakahaere, i roto i ngā e hāngai ana i runga i Unix, mo te whakamahi record i runga i te tauwhāiti i te IP-wāhitau o te taupunimahi, rite pai rite te maha o nga paraire e me noho pateko.

Fakakaukau angé ki he tauira motuhake. Ki te IP-wāhitau 192.168.111.222 me kī e ona paraire pateko ko 32, whiwhi tatou i te tomokanga e whai ake: 192.168.111.222/32. I roto i te mahi, tenei te tikanga e ka whakamahi i te rorohiko i te kuwaha e wātea ana ki te te hono ki tetahi rorohiko atu atu ia ia. Tenei tupu no te mea te 32 - ko te katoa maha o nga paraire e kei te IP-wāhitau o te wha o nga putanga o te kawa tenei. Ki te whakaaro tatou i tenei kanohi i roto i te maheni ake ki te nuinga o te iwi rite he (rite i roto i te OS Windows), e titiro reira rite 255.255.255.255.

He aha e pā ana ki te putanga atu maheni o te kanohi whatu, whakamahia nei i roto i te nuinga o Ngā LAN i roto fare? Ko te kōrero, o te akoranga, ko te pātai o te 255.255.255.0. Ki te āta pānui i koe i tenei tuhinga, i korero kua te tahi mea e pā ana ki tenei kanohi, me te maha o ona paraire whakaritea he 24 (t. E. Ko te toru tau tuatahi o 8 paraire).

Ko te kupu, ko reira taea ki te kawe i roto i te mekameka arorau ohie - mo nga maha whakaritea o kaute mō te 8 paraire, e te tikanga e ka te taua kia tuhituhia rite 255.0.0.0 / 8, mai tei papa'ihia i reira te tau tuatahi anake.

Ko tenei takawaenga, hei tauira, 255.255.255.128, he hoki ratou hohonu moka ngāwari ki te tātai, i roto i tenei take, / 25 - 24, te toru paraire tuatahi o tau tuhia, me tetahi atu moka e tuwhaina e te wāhanga i 0 ki te 255 rite i roto i te hawhe.

Ki te hiahia koe ki ētahi kōwhiringa me tauira, ka taea e koe te utu i nga wa katoa whakarongo ki puna motuhake. I o ratou whārangi kanga ki te kaupapa o tenei tuhinga, i reira te mea he tepu o kopare whatu, e ngā tata katoa haaputuraa taea o ēnei raupapa.