Organophosphates: tono, kaupae me ngā āhuatanga parau tumu. poisoning Organophosphate, āwhina tuatahi

Organophosphates he matū kāwai, e kua hangaia ki te patu i ngā tarutaru, ngārara me kiore.

E whānui ēnei insecticides whakamahia i roto i te ahuwhenua e kore anake, engari ano i roto i te ora ia rā. He tino paitini maha ngā momo o FOS a taea meinga poisoning nui i ingestion o rua i roto i te tinana, me te i roto i te whakapā atu ki te mucosa nasal me te kanohi, a tae noa ki te kiri tonu.

Tatauranga FOS paihana

haurangi koi e pūhui organophosphorus i meka e te wahi tuatahi i roto i te tahi atu poisoning exogenous mahara e kore anake, engari ano hoki i te auau. Lethality taua paihana he tata 20%, i te auau o - e pā ana ki 15% o te wā katoa o te haurangi. O moni ko te meka e te raau i rawe ki hoki poisoning organophosphate he waipiro. I roto i te tūroro i roto i te āhua o te haurangi tino i te wa o pau ki insecticides, te mate, ko te nui māmā (haehae me te paresis o nga uaua romahā e kore e wātea ana). Heoi, kia atu korerotia disorders hemodynamic.

take pea o paihana ki insecticides

kia Organophosphate paihana tika ki mahi, me te puta tika ki whāwhā hē o matū paitini. kia hua mahue o tetahi atu ranei tangata i roto i kore anake te poisoning nui mo ratou, engari arahi ano hoki ki te haurangi papatipu.

I tua atu ki tenei, te poisoning taea e pūhui organophosphorus kia mau āhua rā. Ko te take o ngā aituā e taea e rerekē, hei tauira:

• kahore tohu i runga i ngā ki wai paitini, rongoa i te kāinga (ka taea te tangata te tango i te paihana i roto i te hape te hinaaro mo te whakaaro o te haurangi ranei);
• rokiroki o insecticides i te taea o ngā tamariki (he tamariki e āhua rawa pākiki, a tae noa ki te ka te hainatia te ipu o matū paitini, ka taea e te tamaiti iti tonu inu i te wai mōrearea, me te whiwhi poisoning whakapeka);
• kore ki te ū ki te ture haumaru (tau'a ore te tikanga o te tiaki ka whakamahia i roto i matū whare paitini, pērā i te puehu kanohi, karapu, mōwhiti, kakahu tiaki).

A, no te hinga te pūhui organophosphorus i roto i pota nui i roto i te tinana tangata, ka taea e meinga ratou pāpaka o ngā wāhanga ngā o te pūnaha io pokapū e tika ana ki te neuritis, pāpāngia me ētahi atu nunu'a mamafa, tae atu te mate.

Whakarōpū o pūhui organophosphorus i runga i te tāoke

• te tino paitini - insecticides thiophos hāngai, Metaphos, merkaptofosa, octamethyl;
• paitini - raau taero e hāngai ana i runga i demeton-s-mewaro, phosphamide, dichlorophosphate;
• srednetoksichnye - trichlorfon, malathion, metilnitrofos me insecticides e hāngai ana ki runga ki a ratou, kia rite ki te pai kia rite ki sayfos, cyanophos, tribufos;
• iti-te tāoke - demufos, bromophos, temephos.

Tohu o pau FOS

E ai ki te tohu o te poisoning o mahara e wehea ki 3 ngā wāhanga. Hauora organophosphate paihana he rite whai:

haurangi ngawari (atamira ahau):

• rōpū whakamātau tinana me te mana'o o te wehi;
• hāhā o te manawa;
• tamariki dilated (miosis);
• mamae mate hukihuki i roto i te puku;
• nui haere salivation me te ruaki;
• pāhoahoa nui;
• pēhanga toto tiketike;
• werawera auau;
• wheezing.

I puka āhua (II atamira):

• rōpū e taea te mau tonu ranei āta whakakapi inhibition, a ētahi wā - me te coma;
• miosis tohua, te whatupango ki te marama kore ki te whakautu;
• maximally faaite mai i te tohu o te hyperhidrosis (whakanuia ana salivation (huware), sweating, bronhoreya (maremare i bronchi));
• fibrillar aitua, kamo, uaua o te pouaka, waewae, a ētahi wā katoa o te uaua;
• ahua wā o Kōnei katoa uaua tinana, haehae toniki;
• tino whakanuia ana te reo o te pouaka;
• tae pēhanga toto te mahi mōrahi (250/160);
• defecation tumu me te urination, tahi e tenesmus mamae (holi teka).

poisoning Pākaha (III atamira):

• taka te manawanui ki te pōroa, hohonu;
• Kua ngoikore reflexes katoa tino ngaro ranei;
• hypoxia nui;
• korerotia miosis;
• tiaki o tohu hyperhidrosis;
• huringa o te hypertonus uaua, miofibrillyatsii me haehae toniki pararutiki whakangā uaua;
• kaha pōuri hōhonu respiration me te auau o nekehanga manawa kōhikohiko, ka taea pāpāngia romahā;
• tuku iho auau ngakau e ki te tohu nui (40-20 min.);
• tachycardia whakarei (neke atu i te 120 kapakapa ki te min.);
• ki te hinga tonu pēhanga toto;
• whakawhanake encephalopathy paitini ki edema me pakaruhanga toto maha diapedetic momo pai whakauru, e tika ana ki te pāpāngia o nga uaua romahā me te inhibition o te pokapū romahā;
• kiri koimutu memeha puta cyanosis (kiri me kiriuhi mucous hei te tae kikorangi).

Ko te mau hopearaa o insecticides paihana ūkuikui

A, no te hinga i te tinana pūhui organophosphorus, tere āwhina tuatahi i hurihia a tika, ko tetahi o nga āhuatanga taketake e whakatau i te akoranga atu o te mate. He ngāwari ngā ki te hoatu ki runga ki āhuatanga pikitia haumanu FOS haurangi tātaritanga, Heoi, ko ahakoa mate te putanga o te pai ranei te pārurenga, tei te nuinga i runga i te whai-ake hauora.

Nā ki te tāoke tiketike o pūhui organophosphorus ka ingested mahi i te kino tūnguru tata katoa okana me ngā pūnaha faufaa. I roto i tenei hononga, ara he putanga pai ki tino whakahoki e te kore i te mahi o etahi whēkau.

I roto i te fifi, e te nuinga o te wā tahi e haurangi nui e pūhui organophosphorus ngā kakā, arrhythmias cardiac me te āriponga cardiac, āhotea taonga-piri i roto i te puka whakapeka, me ētahi atu

te mate

I roto i te torutoru ra tuatahi i muri i te poisoning, ko te manawanui i roto i te huru taumaha meinga e te tiango Cardiovascular. Na ka haere mai te utu māmālie, me te whakapiki i te hauora. Heoi, i muri i 2-3 wiki, ko reira taea te whanaketanga o nui polyneuropathy paitini. I roto i ētahi wā, kia whai wāhi te tukanga he maha o raru cranial.

I roto i enei polyneuropathy muri makona auroa, i ētahi wā haere tahi e disorders kaupapa tamau. Whakahokia mahi o te pūnaha io piringa he kino. kia hoki puta te reira i te hokinga o disorders whakapeka, pērā i raruraru cholinergic. Ko te take e pūhui organophosphorus takoto "tuha" i ngā te kopa ki te pūnaha circulatory.

maimoatanga

A, no te te take o te paihana nui i pūhui organophosphorus, kia ngā āwhina tuatahi pukuriri horoi o te wahi kūnatu i te lavage pekitīlia te whakamahi i te diuresis takoha uiuia ai, etc, tiaki o respiration me te whakamahi o antidotes motuhake. I tua atu, he matatini o whakaora, tae atu rongoā, e hāngai ana ki te tiaki me te whakaora mahi tinana pakaru, tae atu ki ngā mehua ki whakahokia mahi cardiac, maimoatanga o disorders o homeostasis me ru exotoxic.

Fakafoki o te mahi romahā

pūhui Organophosphorus mau i roto i te tinana i roto i ngā rahinga nui, meinga mate romahā, meinga e secretion oropharyngeal nui, me bronchoconstriction pāpāngia o uaua romahā te tikanga. I roto i te hononga ki tenei, te mea tuatahi e e tamata tākuta ki te mahi - ko te ki te whakahoki i te airway me te whakarite tika ventilation. I roto i te aroaro o nui vomitus me rere oropharyngeal, pā wawata (te horomanga o wai i te korehau). I roto i te paihana whakapeka FOS whakaora ngā intubation endotracheal, ventilation aunoa.

therapy raau

safeners Taupānga (antidotes) ko ha konga mahu'inga 'o rongoā whawhati tata i roto i te paihana whakapeka. Drugs i roto i tenei rōpū pā te kinetics kei roto i te tinana o matū paitini, whakarato tona absorption whakakorenga ranei, pānga raro i runga i receptors tāoke ārai metabolize kino, me te whakakore i disorders mōrearea o mahi tinana faufaa, meinga e haurangi.

Raau no te paihana i ngā pūhui organophosphorus tangohia tahi ki ētahi atu taero motuhake. tū rongoā i roto i whakarara ki te whakaora whānui me mehua whakaora detoxifying.

Me mahara te reira e te mea kahore he pea o te whakaora tonu, ka taea e te ora o te pārurenga kia ora pūhui organophosphorus raau anake, me te wawe te whakaurua ai, te tupono pai ka waiho i te pārurenga he putanga pai o te mate.

whakarōpū o antidotes

E whakarōpūtia Antidotes ki wha rōpū:

• symptomatic (pharmacological);
• matüora (toxicokinetic);
• matū (toksikotropnye);
• antitoxic Immunopreparat.

A, no te nga tohu tuatahi o te paihana organophosphate, ano i roto i te pärurenga taahiraa dogospitalizatsii, a faaohipa i te raau rōpū toksikotropnoy symptomatic, mai to ratou he tohu mārama mō te whakamahi. titau Teuteu mahi toxicokinetic pipiki tino ki te tohutohu, no te mea e taea e te tākuta waka tūroro e kore tonu tika te whakatau i te tohu mo to ratou whakamahi. whakamahia Antitoxic Immunopreparat i roto i te whare hauora.

therapy motuhake i roto i te poisoning whakapeka e pūhui organophosphorus

ngā matatini ngā whakamahi anticholinergics (momo atropine rongoā) i roto i ngā ki te reactivator cholinesterase. I roto i te haora tuatahi i muri i hohipera whakahaere atropine kaha. whakahaerea nei e pâmuhia Atropine i roto i pota nui ki te awhina o nga tohu o te hyperhidrosis e wātea ana. Me hoki kia tohu o tuwhena rawa tarukino ngoikore, ua faaite kiri maroke me te tachycardia āhua.

Ki te mau tonu whakahaere i tēnei āhua o te atropine te toutou, engari i roto i pota iti. hanga atropinization tautoko te pā tamau o ngā pūnaha m-cholinoreactive pakaru mahi anti-tarukino o te tinana o te acetylcholine i runga i te wa e hiahiatia ana mo te whakangaromanga, me te whakakorenga o tāoke.

Modern cholinesterase Reaktivatory taea ki te tōtika whakanuia cholinesterase tukinotia, me te haamou i ngā pūhui ūkuikui. I roto i te mau ana i roto i therapy motuhake kei te aroturuki mahi tonu cholinesterase.