Paremata: he aha te tenei? tikanga DNA hanga

Paremata - he taonga pūtau ora ki te mahi ki te momo o te kino DNA. I roto i te ao i waho ki reira he maha ngā āhuatanga e taea meinga huringa tina heke i roto i ngā kaiao ora. Hei tiaki ratou tapatahi, ki te karo irakētanga pathological me hotokore ki te ora, i reira me waiho he pūnaha o te whakaora-whaiaro. Ka rite ki takahi reira te tapatahi o te rauemi ira o te pūtau? Whakaaroa tenei pātai i roto i te taipitopito atu. Ano, kitea i roto i te mea e tikanga hanga o te tinana, me te āhua o te mahi ratou.

Abnormalities i roto i te DNA

kia pakaru ai rāpoi ngota waikawa deoxyribonucleic i te akoranga o te biosynthesis rite pai rite i raro i te mana o ngā matū kino. I roto i te āhuatanga kino, i roto i ngā, ngā te pāmahana ranei te kaha tinana o te take mai rerekē. Ki te puta te whatinga, tīmata te tukanga paremata pūtau. Ko te kupu ka tīmata te faaho'iraa mai o te hanganga taketake o te rāpoi ngota pītauira. Hoki paremata whakatau complexes paru motuhake katoa e kitea i roto i te pūtau. Mai te ngoikore o ngā pūtau takitahi ki te kawe i roto i te tahi mau ora e pā ana mate. Ko te pūtaiao e tuatapapa i te tukanga o te hanga, - he koiora. I roto i kawea te ako i roto i te rota o whakamātautau me ngā, e tika ana ki nei riro te reira māmā ki te mahino te tukanga whakaora. Me kï reira e he rawa ngā nga tikanga o DNA hanga, kia rite ki te hītori o te kitenga, me te ako o tenei āhuatanga. He aha ngā āhuatanga whai wāhi ki te timatanga o te ora? Hei tīmata ake i te tukanga, ko reira e tika ana e pā ki DNA stimulator kiko hanga. He aha te mea te reira, atu whakaahua i raro.

History o whakahura

i timata tenei āhuatanga maere ako American pūtaiao Kellner. Ko te tino kitea tuatahi i runga i te haere o te tūhura hanga kua meinga hei āhuatanga pērā i photoreactivation. Tenei Waiter wā i huaina kino pānga whakaiti o UV irradiation me pou-tukinotia kanapa pūtau whara awa o te marama o te radiation tūāwhiorangi kitea.

"Whakaora Light"

I muri Akoranga ka Kellner he hokohoko atu arorau i roto i nga mahi o ōmataora American Setlou, Rupert me etahi ētahi atu. Ngā mihi ki te mahi o tenei rōpū o pūtaiao kua tika whakapumautia e photoreactivation ko te tukanga tīmata e te e te taonga motuhake - he whākōkī e catalyzes te wāhinga o dimers thymine. Ko ratou te hunga, rite tahuri reira i roto i, i hanga e i roto i te akoranga o te ngā i raro i te marama hihi katinga. Ko te kupu whakarewahia he marama kanapa kitea mahi o te pūmua whākōkī, i whakatairangatia ana wāhinga o dimers me whakahoki te huru taketake o te kikokiko pakaru. I roto i tenei take e korero tatou e pā ana ki te momo marama o te DNA hanga. tautuhi tatou i te reira mārama atu. Ka taea e tatou te mea e marama te hanga - kei te whakaora i te taketake kitea ki te marama i muri i te hanganga o te kino DNA. Heoi, e kore e whai wāhi anake tenei tukanga ki te whakakorenga o te whara.

"Pōuri" whakaora

Etahi wa i muri te whakatuwheratanga o te marama i kitea pouri hanga. puta tenei āhuatanga i waho tetahi pānga o hihi marama o te tūāwhiorangi kitea. I kitea tenei manahau i roto i te ako i te tūtohutanga o etahi huakita ki katikati hihi, me te ionizing radiation. DNA hanga pouri - te kaha o ngā pūtau ki te tango i tetahi huringa pathogenic waikawa deoxyribonucleic. Engari me mea ai e kore te mea he tukanga ahomatū tenei, i roto i te rerekē ki te ora te marama.

Ko te tikanga o "pouri" Whakapai tūkino

whakakitea kitenga o nga huakita e muri i te tetahi wa i muri i te rauropi pūtau-tahi riro te wahi o te katinga, hua i roto i te tahi mau wāhanga o DNA i pakaru, regulates te pūtau ona tukanga ā-roto i te ara tetahi. Ka rite ki te hua, ko noa te DNA whakarerekētia te wahi tapahia i te mekameka noa. Ko te hua anō-whakakiia nga wahi pakaru o te waikawa amino rauemi e tika ana. I roto i te mau parau te tahi atu, kawea ana e ia resynthesis o DNA. Opening o pūtaiao pērā mea rite pouri kiko hanga - ko tetahi taahiraa i roto i te tūhura i te aravihi ārai mīharo o te kararehe, me te tangata tenei.

Nahea te pūnaha hanga

Kua whakakitea ngā nga huarahi o te ora me te oraraa rawa o tenei kaha, i whakamana te whakamahi i kaiao pūtau-tahi. Ko e tūturu i roto i ngā pūtau o te kararehe, me te tangata ora i te tukanga hanga. mamae ētahi iwi i xeroderma pigmentosum. meinga tenei mate e te kore o te kaha o ngā pūtau resynthesize pakaru DNA. riro Xeroderma. O te mea he pūnaha hanga? Whā whākōkī, e pupuri ana i te tukanga hanga - he DNA helicase, -ekzonukleaza, polymerase me -ligaza. Ko te tuatahi o enei pūhui taea ki te ite i kino ki te rāpoi ngota mekameka o te waikawa deoxyribonucleic ko. Reira whakaae kore anake, engari tapahia ano hoki te mekameka i roto i te wahi e tika ana, ki te tango i te wāhanga o te rāpoi ngota whakarerekētia. kawea tango whakatakoto i roto i ki te exonuclease DNA. Next, te ariā o te wahi hou o te rāpoi ngota waikawa deoxyribonucleic i waikawa amino ki te tirohanga ki te whakakapi tino te wāhanga pakaru. Well te mutunga, tenei ngā tukanga koiora matatini whakamana ki te whākōkī DNA ligase. Ko reira haepapa mo te tāpiritanga ki te wahi pakaru o te rāpoi ngota synthesized. Kia kua mahi whākōkī e wha katoa ratou mahi, kei te tino whakahoutia te rāpoi ngota pītauira me te kino katoa o te mua. Ko tenei me pehea pai mahi tikanga i roto i ngā pūtau ora.

whakarōpū

I tenei wāhi, kua tāutuhia ngā pūkenga nga momo e whai ake nei o ngā pūnaha whakatika. E whakahohe ratou i runga i ngā āhuatanga rerekē rānei. Ko ētahi o ēnei:

1. Faaitoitoraa.
2. whakaora tauhononotanga.
3. Repair o heteroduplexes.
4. Excision hanga.
5. Ko te reunification o pito kore-huirua o ngā rāpoi ngota DNA.

kaiao pūtau-tahi katoa i te iti rawa e toru ngā pūnaha enzymatic. Ia o ratou kua te kaha ki te whakatinana i te tukanga whakaora. Ko ētahi o ēnei pūnaha: tika, excision me postreplicative. Ko nga momo e toru o te DNA hanga i prokaryotes. Ko eukaryotes, he reira i to ratou tikanga, atu huarahi, e huaina nei ko Miss-mathe me Sos-hanga. uiui e Biology i roto i te taipitopito katoa o enei momo o whaiaro whakaora-o te rauemi ira o ngā pūtau.

Hanganga huarahi atu

Direct hanga - ko reira te ara uaua iti rawa o te pae whakakahoretia o te huringa pathological i roto i te DNA. Kei te kawea te reira i roto i whākōkī motuhake. Ngā mihi ki a ratou, Ko te rawa nohopuku te faaho'iraa mai o te hanganga o te rāpoi ngota pītauira. Ko te tikanga, puta te tukanga i roto i te kotahi taahiraa. Ko tētahi o nga whākōkī i runga ake ko O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase. pūnaha hanga excision - ko te momo o te whaiaro whakaora-o waikawa deoxyribonucleic, e whai wāhi tapahi i nga waikawa amino whakarerekētia, me whakakapinga muri o ratou pae anō-synthesized tenei. kawea ana tēnei tukanga i roto i roto i te maha ngā wāhanga. I roto i postreplicative hanga DNA i roto i te hanganga o tenei muingota kia hanga e i roto i te mekameka uara āputa. Na ka tutakina e ratou ki te whai wāhitanga o RecA pūmua. Ko ahurei i roto i taua hapa i tona tukanga wāhanga rapunga o huringa pathogenic pūnaha hanga Postreplicative.

Ko wai te mea haepapa mo te huarahi whakaora

Ki te rā, e mohio ana aivanaa e te taua mea ohie, rite E. coli, kua tika kahore iti iho i te rima tekau ira mō te hanga. He etahi kawenga ia ira. Ko ētahi o ēnei: rapunga, tango, kōtuitanga, tāpiritanga, te tāututanga o te pānga o hihi UV, a na i runga i. Kia aroha mai, i tetahi ira, tae atu te hunga e he kawenga mō te tukanga hanga i roto i te pūtau, i raro ki huringa mutational. Ki te tupu tenei, ka whakarewa ratou irakētanga atu auau i roto i ngā pūtau katoa o te tinana.

Ko te DNA kino kino

Katoa ra, te DNA o to tatou pūtau tinana kei i mōrearea o te kino me te huringa pathological. whakahaerehia ana tēnei e ngā āhuatanga taiao pērā i hihi katinga radiation, tāpiritanga kai, matū, tirohanga pāmahana, mara autō, maha taumahatanga e kōkiri tukanga motuhake i roto i te tinana, me te ake. Ki te pakaru te hanganga DNA ko, e taea ai te pūtau irakētanga nui a taea arahi ki te mate pukupuku i te heke mai. Ko Ko te aha te tinana ko te matatini o mehua ki te mahi ki taua whara. Ahakoa, ki te e taea ki te hoki ki te ahua taketake o DNA nga whākōkī, mahi pūnaha hanga i roto i ki te pupuri i kino ki te iti.

tauhononotanga huirua

Ka matau tatou he aha te mea i te reira. Tauhononotanga Ko te utu o te rauemi ira i roto i te āputa me te pūhui rāpoi ngota o te waikawa deoxyribonucleic. I roto i te take te wahi i reira he pakaru i roto i te DNA, haamata tukanga tauhono huirua. I roto i te whakawhiti reira whatiwhatinga o ngā rāpoi ngota e rua. Ki tenei hanganga taketake tika faaho'ihia mai o te waikawa deoxyribonucleic. kătahi o te DNA taea puta i roto i ētahi wā. Na roto i te tukanga o te tauhono he taea ki te whakauru i te huānga e rua rerekē.

Ko te tikanga o te ora o te tinana me te hauora

Ko te hanga - ko reira he titauraa o te mahi noa o te tinana. He i raro ki te rā me tuma haora DNA kino me irakētanga, e faa'aano hanganga multicellular me ora. puta hoki tenei e tika ana ki te pūnaha hanga whakapumautia. Ko te kore o te resilience noa ai te irakētanga mate, me te tahi atu abnormalities. Ko ētahi o ēnei he momo o te māuiuitanga, matepukupuku, me te ara toulekeleká ano. mate tuku e tika ana ki raruraru o te hanga e taea arahi ki kino puku mārere me ētahi atu abnormalities o te rauropi. Na tāutuhia etahi mate meinga e ngā pūnaha hanga DNA hē ko. Enei e, mo te tauira, mate rite Cockayne syndrome, xeroderma, nonpolyposis pukupuku kopirua, Trichothiodystrophy me etahi pukupuku.