Taiao kōhungahunga Mātauranga me tamariki kura i roto i Russia. Whanaketanga o te mātauranga taiao

raruraru Taiao o te tangata, me te āhua i te kau, ko te akiaki. I tua atu, i te pānga i runga i te taiao o te hapori tangata e hanganga nui. Ka taea ki te whakaora i te ao mahi tahi anake o te iwi, i hanga nei i runga i te pūtake o te matauranga ki tonu o nga ture katoa o te natura,. Me matau te tangata e he wahi o te natura ia, a e whakatau ai i te oraraa o te tahi atu mea ora. Hei mahino te faufaa o mahi a te tangata, kia tīmata i tau kura-i mua mātauranga taiao.

Ko te faufaa o te mātauranga taiao o kōhungahunga tamariki

Kindergarten oho ki paerewa mātauranga e hānga ana hou, e titau hanganga o ngā tamariki ahurea taiao. Me titiro te whakatupuranga hou tautika i te mahi ohaoha o te tangata, me te tiaki hoki āhua. kōrero mātauranga Taiao o ngā tamariki kōhungahunga i te hanganga o taua pūkenga.

āhuatanga psycho-kaupapa o te whanaketanga taiao

He nui hoki te whanaketanga atu o te tamaiti kōhungahunga kōhungahunga. Ko reira i roto i te tau tuatahi e whitu o te ora ko te hanganga o te tamaiti takitahi, te whakapai ake tonu ana tawhā hinengaro, me te tinana, ko te whakatūnga o te tuakiri ki tonu-parirau. I roto i te whakapanga wā kōhungahunga puta mā te taunekeneke ki te ao ora. mātauranga Taiao o tamariki a tau kōhungahunga fakahu'unga te hanganga o ratou uara o te ao ora, faatiti'aifarohia tenei raruraru e te kaiako kindergarten.

Ko te hītori o te whanaketanga o te mātauranga taiao

utua kaiako i ngā wā katoa paitia āhua rite te tikanga o te whanaketanga me te mātauranga o ngā tamariki kōhungahunga. whakaaro kaiako Polish Ya. A. Kamensky reira te ao ora i te puna mau o te matauranga, te ara o te whakawhanake whakaaro o te tamaiti, te tikanga te pānga i runga i te rongo. whakaarohia kaiako Russian K. D. Ushinsky "ki te whakauru tamariki ki te ao tūturu," ka mea āhuatanga whai hua, me te nui o te ao ora, i te hanga i ngā pūkenga kōrero kōhungahunga.

kua meinga mātauranga taiao Pre-kura o te faufaa ngā mai te waenganui o te rau tau whakamutunga. Ko reira i tenei wa Meroiti me ngā kaiako i tawhiti rite te tikanga matua - hanganga o te matauranga i roto i ngā tamariki kōhungahunga e pā ana ki te ao. Whanaketanga o te mātauranga taiao i roto i te tamariki i roto i te kōhungahunga roa 70-80 tau o te rau tau 20. I te mutunga o te rau tau 20, i unu ano tikanga hou o te whakaako, me ki te mātauranga hauropi o te kōhungahunga tamariki whakarongo ki faaineine me ngā kaiako. Uaua wahi nui o te mātauranga kura-i mua, kua ariā hou kua hanga ki reira. i hapu paerewa mātauranga hou, e pai whai wāhi ki whai hua whanaketanga hinengaro o te kōhungahunga tamariki.

Ngā kaimātai hinengaro A. Wenger, N. Poddyakov A. Zaporozhets takahi whakamatauria te faufaa o te mātauranga taiao o ngā tamariki, te faufaa o te wātea o te hanganga mārama-āhua.

Kua riro te ariā o te mātauranga taiao te whakanui mōrahi i te mutunga o te rau tau whakamutunga. ka taea wāhi mātauranga New kahore te mātauranga taiao tūturu. I roto i Russia, kua whakawhanakehia te ariā motuhake o te mātauranga taiao pūmau, me ko te hono tuatahi i roto i te pūnaha te rohe o te mātauranga kōhungahunga. āhuatanga tēnei wā e te tirohanga o ngā tamariki whiwhi āhua aronganui, te haaputuputuraa o ngā whakaaro e pā ana ki te momo kanorau o te ora. Ko reira ki runga ki te 5-6 tau ko te hanganga o nga turanga tuatahi o whakaaro kaiao, whakapanga nga āhuatanga tuatahi o te ahurea kaiao.

ngā hōtaka o te kaituhi e kaimātai hinengaro me ngā kaiako, e hāngai ana ki te whanaketanga i roto i ngā kōhungahunga whanaungatanga rerehua ki mooni me te āhua.

Tauira o ngā hōtaka kura-i mua

Hōtaka SG ko VI Ashikovyh "Semitsvetik" e arotahi ana ki te mātauranga ahurea, me te kaiao o kōhungahunga tamariki, hanga ratou ki te taonga, whaiaro-patururaa, tuakiri fakalaumālie. Ka rite ki hapu e te tikanga o te kaituhi, tamariki mātauranga ara taiao haapii ratou ki te whakaaro, ki te ite i te ao, ki te kite i te uara o te ao ora. Ko tā te hōtaka te mahi tahi o te kōhungahunga tamariki me ngā pakeke i roto i te kindergarten, te whānau, tari o ngā tamariki.

Ka rite ki kōhungahunga ako ki te whakawhānui ratou Horizons, i hanga e ratou i te kounga morare, me te rerehua. Ko reira te kaha ki te kite i te ataahua e te vai i roto i te natura, te pai whakatinana i te mātauranga taiao o ngā tamariki. E rua ngā kaupapa matua i te hōtaka: "te tangata," "Nature". Vakai, "Nature" whakamōhio nga kingitanga e wha e te tīariari i runga i whenua: tipu, kohuke, kararehe, te tangata. I raro i te kaupapa o "te tangata" tamariki kōrero e pā ana ki ascetics ahurea, marohirohi motu nei kua mahue i te ao i te huarahi pai.

Ko te hōtaka "tatou Home - Nature"

mātauranga Taiao me he taea mātauranga o ngā tamariki kōhungahunga, me te hōtaka EA Ryzhov "to matou whare -. āhua" Kei te hāngai te reira i te whakawhanake auaha, kaha, ngākau atawhai tangata täu i 5-6 tau o ia i te tirohanga katoa o te āhua a tawhio noa, māramatanga o te wahi i roto i tona tangata noa. mātauranga rauropi pērā o tamariki kōhungahunga tauturu tamariki ki te tiki i te tirohanga taipitopito o te hononga ki te natura, ki te whiwhi mōhiotanga taiao tuatahi. Educators haapii i ta ratou mau paroita ki te kawe i ngā kawenga mō te hauora, te taiao. tūmanakohia ana te hōtaka kei te ki te whakawhanake i roto i te pūkenga tuatahi o kōhungahunga whanonga mātau, me te haumaru i roto i te ora ia rā, me te āhua, te whai wāhitanga mahi o ngā tamariki i roto i te mahi taiao o ratou rohe.

mahara ana te hōtaka kei te ki te 10 wae. Ia kua tona ake whakatipu me te mātauranga wāhanga, e whakawhanake i ngā pūkenga rerekē: huru e manaaki ana, e manaaki ana, kaha ki te kite i ataahua. Neke atu i te hawhe o te hōtaka e pā ana ki te āhua popohe: oneone, hau, te wai. E toru ngā poraka i oti rawa katoa ki te kararehe: otaota, rauropi, kararehe. He he he wāhanga o te hōtaka e pā ana ki te ngā i waenganui i te taiao me te tangata. Ko Tikanga o te mātauranga me te tautoko kaiao i roto i te puka o te whanaketanga o te hanganga i te mana o te taiao te whakawhanake, i reira he tūtohutanga motuhake mō te whakangungu.

whakanohoia ngā aronga kei i runga i te ururua kaituhi ati whakaputaina e te taata. Ki ngā tamariki i reira ngā i roto i te akomanga, i homai he wahi motuhake te ki te tales kaiao, kōrero o te kararehe rerekē.

Ko te hōtaka "ecologist Young"

I hanga tēnei akoranga i te mutunga o te rau tau whakamutunga S. Nikolaev. E rua iti-hōtaka te ariā tuatahi, me te tikanga o te mātauranga taiao, tapaea ana e te kaituhi,. oti rawa Kotahi wahi e ki te whanaketanga taiao o ngā tamariki kōhungahunga, me te wahi tuarua tā te whakangungu o ngā kaiako kindergarten. Ko te hōtaka he pūtake ariā oti, te tikanga e whakamahia ana te mātauranga taiao. utua ngā aro te ki te wahi mahi, waia haere ngā tamariki ki te tipu, tiaki kararehe. Kids, e mahi ana i te momo o ngā wheako, e mohio he aha e tika ana mō te tipu tipu me te whanaketanga tikanga. Ka ako rātou i pā ana ki te hanganga o te pūnaha solar, nga ture o te natura. mōhiotanga kaiao o whakaaro o te kaituhi, kia meinga te tikanga o te hanga i te aroha mo te natura, te tangata o to tatou paraneta.

hei ākonga mātauranga Environmental kua rongonui i roto i ngā rohe maha o Russia. Na roto i te mahi tahi taiao me ngā kaiako, i reira he tikanga e tango ki pūkete āhuatanga pāpori me te taiao ā-rohe e tukua ki te tiaki iho motu.

Meroiti whai wāhi i roto i te mātauranga kōhungahunga, mahino te faufaa o te niniiraa te ahurea kaiao o muri tau kōhungahunga.

Kitea i roto i te Mātauranga Taiao

Tetahi hinonga, tae atu taiao, whai wāhi te whakamahi o etahi tikanga. whakamana Mātauranga me katoa-a tawhio noa te whanaketanga o ngā tamariki kōhungahunga e ngā tikanga. Ko te whai hua tino ko ki te whakauru tamariki ki te taiao. Kids paanga i roto i te taiao katoa: hukarere, ua, aniwaniwa. Me whakawhanake te kaiwhakarato te pūkenga o te mātakitaki o ari tūturu. Ko roto i tona kawenga ngā te Hahi, o te aroha ki nga kitenga, nga pūkenga o e pā ana ki te kararehe, me ngā tipu tiaki. kia whakamārama i te kaiako ki ana kaitākaro te faufaa o te te manaaki mo kaiao ora, ātete ki ngā tipu kino, kararehe. Ko te ngako o te kitea ngā i roto i te matauranga o ngā taiao ki te awhina o ataata, tūturu, olfactory, haunga māna. Na roto i te haapa'oraa i te kaiako haapii tamariki ki ngā āhuatanga rerekē o ngā taiao, whakatere i whakaoho hononga me te āhua popohe, ki te wehewehe i waenganui i kararehe, otaota.

kitea Kaiako kōrero he mahi whakaritenga e hāngai ana te ako roa, me te kaha o nga tama a tītohu tūturu.

Ka rite ki te whakaaro o te aroturuki ko te whanaketanga o ngā pūkenga, te mātauranga anō. aronga Taiao i roto i maha tōmua whiriwhiri rite te kaupapa matua, i te mea he haamauraa tika o tona faufaa me hāngaitanga.

whakapono Hinengaro S. Rubinstein e te kitea ko te hua o te whakaaro e pā ana ki te mea ka kite ia i tetahi tamaiti o te āhuatanga māori. Ko te reira i roto i te tukanga o te kitea he mātauranga, tirohanga taiao o te mea i kite ia. i whakaaro e ko te reira i te kitenga, e faaite i te tukanga o te kitea K. D. Ushinsky, homai ia i te pai me te whai hua. Variety o mahi 4-6 tau o tau patua ana kuao, e hāngai ana i runga i mātakitaki, whai wāhi ki te whanaketanga o te whakaaro arorau, te mātakitaki, te kukū. He uaua ki te whakaaro i waho te mātakitaki o tetahi mātauranga kura-i mua: kaiao, morare, toi.

whakaaro Kaiako ei Tiheeva e ko te reira he piha, tera aroturuki, te tauturu ki te hanga i nga tamariki kupu. Ki kua tae te kaiako te whāinga, whakamahia e ia tikanga motuhake ki te taea ai te reira ki te whakarite i te perception kaha o ngā ākonga. ui te kaiako te pātai e whai wāhi rangahau, whakarite, te haamauraa i hononga i waenganui i ari rerekē, me te taurangi kararehe. Na roto i te tae atu i roto i te mahi o nga rongo katoa a nga tamariki, ka taea kitea tatou ki tino kite i te matauranga e tika ana. titau tēnei tukanga te arotahi o whakarongo, engari no te mea e hiahiatia ana te kaiako ki te whakahaere tika i te nui o te wā, te ihirangi o te ako.

Ko reira na roto i te mātakitaki kōhungahunga ako e pā ana ki te natura, e rongoa ona taonga. Raima, oraora, whakapakoko fakangalongata'a, kite tere te tamaiti. Ko enei pūkenga ka whakamahi ia i muri i roto i te ora: i roto i te akomanga, i roto i ngā kaupapa.

He aha te mea te faufaa o te aroturuki mō te mātauranga kaiao o kōhungahunga tamariki

whakaatu ana tēnei tikanga i te naturalness tamariki me te kanorau o te ao ora, i te hononga i waenganui i ona taonga. I roto i te tono nahanaha o te mātakitaki, ako nga tamariki e founga ki te titiro i nga taipitopito, fakatokanga'i nga huringa iti me ki te whakawhanake i ō rātou mana o te mātakitaki. Tenei tikanga ka taea te hanganga o te reka rerehua i roto i ngā tamariki, pānga ratou perception aronganui o te ao. Educator mahi ki ngā tamariki mā te whakamahi i rerekē momo o ngā kitenga. Fakatokanga'i e kitea te tono ki:

• te hanga i tētahi whakaaro i te kuao e pā ana ki te kanorau o te kararehe, me ngā tipu o te ao;
• whakaako ki te ite i te āhua o te taonga;
• te whakamōhio āhuatanga rite te āhua ahanoa;
• whakaputa whakaaro e pā ana ki te whanaketanga, te tupu o te kararehe, me ngā tipu;
• kite i te kōrero o ngā huringa taiao tau

Hoki ki te tikanga kia whai hua te nuinga, te whakarite i te kaiako tohanga atu. Te hanga tono i nga wahi takitahi, niao kararehe, te āwhina ki te ite i te matauranga e i whiwhi i roto i kitea täu i.

he e tika ana mō ngā tamariki 5-6 tau kitea wā-roa. Eé tātari i te tupu, te whanaketanga o te tipu, ngā huringa taratahi, te tāutu i ngā ritenga me ngā rerekētanga i waenganui i nga momo tipu tuatahi, me te whakamutunga.

ngā kitenga wā-roa whakaaro he whakamātautau taipitopito o te hononga i waenganui i ngā tipu me o ratou kāinga, me te te tātaritanga o te tinana morphological me mahi. Kahore aroturuki tamau me te tautoko ki ngä kaitiaki e kore e kawea te kōwhiringa taua nga hua o te mātakitaki.

mātauranga kōhungahunga Modern: whiriwhiri kaiao, morare, toi, kōhungahunga iho. E tohaina ētahi kindergarten ki ia rōpū tona aronga ake o te whanaketanga, ranei whakamahia i roto i ētahi wāhi.

Ki te ko te aronga kura-i mua i runga i te whanaketanga kaiao o nga kuao, tīpakohia te hōtaka te. Ko tā te reira i te whakatakoto ngā whāinga mārama, whāinga. whāinga motuhake, whakaaro nga taa tau me te whanaketanga ā-tinana o ngā tamariki.

Me whakaaro mātauranga i roto i te natura te raruraru, arotahi ki runga i te mahi hinengaro o ngā tamariki kōhungahunga, te hiahia ki te kitea tali ki ngā pātai motuhake uihia e te kaiako i roto i te akoranga.

kawea atu Rangahau i kaimātai hinengaro tamariki, whakapumautia te faufaa o te mātauranga taiao nahanaha. Kids, kia maheni ki te ora, me te ao nonliving i roto i 3-4 tau, urutau tere ki te ako i roto i te kura, e kore e wheako fifi i roto i te kōrero ki ō rātou hoa, i te kupu pai, mahara, me te whakarongo. Ko te matauranga riro i roto i te kindergarten, faahohonu i kōhungahunga, tāpiritanga, systematize te mau haapiiraa i roto i te kura tuatahi. GEF, whakaurua i roto i te mātauranga kōhungahunga, tā te hanganga i roto i ngā tamariki o ngā ariā pūmotu o ngā pae kararehe.

Hei whakatutuki i tenei hua e patua ana tikanga rerekē o te mātauranga rauropi o ngā tamariki.

tikanga tirotiro mō kōhungahunga

hanga Wiki familiarization akoranga tamariki ki ngā huringa taiao kaupeka S. N. Nikolaevoy. tuku kaituhi katoa marama mo te kotahi wiki ki te mau i te rangi:

1. tātari Daily o te rangi.
2. rakau whāki me ngā mauwha, cover whenua.
3. Kia mataara kararehe i roto i te kararehe, kindergarten kokonga.
4. Daily whakakiia nga maramataka o te natura.

S. N. Nikolaevoy technique tā te displacement o "wiki o e kitea te" katoa marama mo te kotahi wiki. Ka rite ki te hua, mahere huarere haaputuhia, i runga i nei te takatu te tātari i te huringa i roto i te kararehe, i te ao huawhenua. I roto i te mātakitaki o te rangi, tamariki te huna hoki ngā tītohunga motuhake, whakatau ratou kaha. A, no te ako weather, utu ratou whakarongo ki te toru tawhā whakatau te āhua o te rangi, me te momo o te rerenga, i te tohu o te wera ranei matao, te aroaro ngaro ranei o te hau.

Taua aroturuki rā o huringa i roto i te rangi, ngā te kaiako he rerekē, ora, ngā ki te tamariki kihai i whakaiti, engari ka nui haere. Tenei "Wiki Taiao" - he wāhi nui ki te faatupu i te aroha o te natura, whakaputa whakaaro e pā ana ki te taima, me o ratou āhuatanga.

mutunga

Ko te hunga kōrero e pā ana ki te taiao e ka whiwhi ngā tamariki i roto i ngā kitenga māmā, whakatau, ngā wheako, tauturu i te mau tamarii ia maramarama i te momo o te ora, me te nonliving ao. Karaehe takotoranga kaiao whakahaere e tango ki pūkete te whaiaroaro, ka āwhina i peculiarities hinengaro o te kōhungahunga tau kuao ki te kia maheni ki taiao, matau ratou faufaa, whakaaro. Ko te tamaiti, ko wai i kōhungahunga tikanga ki te aroha, mauruuru āhua, kia kore e hatepea iho rakau me rakau, torturing kararehe, tiki puawai. mātauranga Taiao - he wahi nui o te mātauranga kura-mua. He momo o ngā tūāhua whakawhanakehia e te kaimātai hinengaro tamaiti me tiaki taiao, ki te āwhina i whakaako aroha tuatahi o nga rakau, puawai, manu, kararehe, ika heke mai. I roto i te maha ngā kura-i mua mō te mātauranga taiao whakaturia ake ratou ake wāhi ora. Te tiaki i to ratou tangata whai wāhi ki te hanganga o te ahurea kaiao.