Peresideni o Ukraine i te raupapa. Ko te peresideni tuatahi o Ukraine. peresideni hou o Ukraine

ka Hakihea 8, 1991 kia mahara huri noa te ao mo te hui i roto i te ngahere Bialowieza i Peraruhia, te wahi hainatia te whakaaetanga i runga i te putanga o nga lepupilika Slavic toru o te USSR me te hanga o te Commonwealth o Independent States. Mai i timata taua momeniti he huringa ka hāpaitia e kaha, e te mea tino pouri ki te whakaata i runga i ona ngā mema katoa ki tenei ra. Kia titiro a ki te mea i nga peresideni o Ukraine. I roto i te tikanga i ratou e rima, ko etahi o ratou e ngana ana ki te totohe ki taua, kia hiahia koe ki te titiro ki te mea.

Pea kia tīmata ki te tangata e he tika, ka hainatia te whakaaetanga i runga i Tuhinga i te USSR. I runga i te wahi o Ukraine, ko reira Leonid Kravchuk, engari ka hoki mai matou ki reira, engari mo inaianei, kia rite kore ki te whakaahua ke ana te ana'iraa o ngā, he mea e tika ana ki te mōhio i te tangata pērā i Mihail Grushevsky. He te peresideni tuatahi o Ukraine te tūranga rawa nui, ka i ki te akakoromaki i raruraru maha. i huaina ratou i muri i Leonid Kravchuk, a Hrushevsky i tetahi wa i mahi rite upoko o te Kaunihera Central. I roto i te mātapono hou, ko ia te korero, no te mea taua tūranga ei peresideni, tonu kihai i te tīariari. Kei te kī te reira i roto i te tauira Ture, i whakaaetia e te Central Rada April 29, 1918. Otiia, he tangata hoki Ukraine ko reira tino nui - ara hoki whakaatu 50 hryvnia Ukrainian tona whakaahua. I roto i te revolution, te pūtaiao me te tumu kōrero tu ana i te "urungi" mana hohoro whakapumautia, i ata korero, i roto i te ara ano i whakataka e ia (e te tikanga o te revolution). I roto i te meka, ko tenei tikanga o te huringa mana mo Ukraine rawa rongonui ki tenei ra, puta ke tata katoa te peresideni o Ukraine i te raupapa i roto i tenei ara.

ra motuhake

Ko te Verkhovna Rada o te Ukrainian SSR i 1991 Ākuhata 24 tangohia te mahi, i roto i nei Ukraine ta motuhake. I te tīmatanga, ko te Independence Day o Ukraine whakaaturia i 16 Hōngongoi (ko te tau e whai ake nei, i roto i 1992, i whakaritea e te reira ki te huri i te reira ki te 24 August). I maoro i muri i hoatu motuhake i roto i te tāpaetanga pōti ki neke atu i te 90% o ngā pōti katoa maka. Kua Hakihea 1, 1991 tū he āhua motuhake ona pōtitanga tuatahi hāngai peresideniraa i roto i Ukraine, i roto i nei riro Leonid Makarovich Kravchuk neke atu i 61% o te pōti.

Kravchuk whakamoemiti tika rite whakahē. Ko te nuinga aromatawai tōraro e tika ana ki te meka i te auraa i te reira mau faaotiraa tonu, tonu "makanga" o Russia me te iti o whanaunga, e rua ōhanga me te tōrangapū. Ko te whakawhetai ki tona kaha phenomenal ki te parepare i waenganui i ātete ope tōrangapū, whakahaere ia ki te pupuri i te Crimea i te heke mai ka rite ki te käwanatanga motuhake, ko te wahi tika o Ukraine. Ka rite ki korero e ia te peresideni tuatahi o Ukraine Kravchuk, tamata ia ki te hanga i nga mea katoa i riro Ukraine tona motuhake te rangimarie, kahore he toto.

Ko te ara o te peresideni tuatahi: kōkuhutanga

kihai i tonu Kravchuk peresideni kaitōrangapū tohunga rawa me te mohio, tamarikitanga me te taiohitanga Leonida Makarovicha ki i tino taimaha mahi rōpū. whakamahia e ia ki te haamana'o e pā ana ki te 50 karamu o halva, takoha e tona whaea i runga i tona ra whanautanga ranei i runga i te Roha rakau taupua noa. Next noho ia i roto i te ētehi whare wānanga ki 12 eé, engari i pai mahue i muri nga faingata'a katoa i muri kura, ka oho ki Chernivtsi Pūtea Kura Technical ki te whakaako ōhanga tōrangapū i roto i te tau 1958. Ki te riro i te mahi katoa o te rōpū kua pai nui, a ka ora i roto i te 1991 - ngāwari.

riro te peresideni tuatahi o Ukraine te tika i muri noa i te kōkuhutanga. Hoki Leonid Kravchuk me tona kapa, ko te mahi tino nui tenei, kia rite ki te meatanga mo te wa tuatahi. Noatia, i tika ki te tango i te oati ki te Ture o taua wa reira, engari tahi, i whakaarohia ai kia hoatu te oati, me te Peresopnytsia Evanelia, pera i te reira i taua wa te wahi onamata nuinga o Ukraine. Nā ki te meka e ia kihai i te waiata motu ano whakapumautia, i karangatia te pŭpŭ himene, e whakamana i "te Atua te nui, piri, kia mau tatou i te Ukraine." Ko te kupu ko te rangatira o te wahi mōhiohio, ka tangohia ana mana te peresideni tuatahi o Ukraine tari.

Te peresideni tuarua

Te peresideniraa Leonida Makarovicha roa te wa āhua poto, me i Hūrae 1994 i roto i te rua i te taka noa, ngaro ia kahore wa ki te nāianei Pirimia Leonidu Danilovichu Kuchme. Ko te kupu "e whai kahore uara, a ngaro - tangi tatou" e taea te tino pēnei ki te pūkete tuarua i runga i te kaitono peresideniraa. Ko te rārangi o tona whakatutukitanga he nui nui ki te iwi Ukrainian taea e tino whakakake o me i te tikanga truest o te kupu "pokaia" e ia. I te wa ano, me te rārangi o ana rahunga rite "malu'aki hei papakāinga,", na reira e ano hoariri o ana kaupapa here.

Whakatutukitanga me Rahunga

I roto i nga tau kotahi tekau o tona tikanga rite upoko o te kāwanatanga (i waenganui i te ko te wā roa o te katoa tenei) Palesiteni Kuchma taea te ārai i te "haurangi" pikinga, mai i muri i te parariraa o te USSR, ko Ukraine i roto i te poka ōhanga hohonu rawa. Te peresideni i te reni oraraa tino mo te ōhanga mākete i roto i te ao hou whanaunga Ukrainian i roto i te ao. Na roto i tona hanganga kore i te whenua heke ki te raro o te ōhanga.

I roto i te 1996, i whakaurua he moni tūturu me te pūmau, i ko te ingoa o te hryvnia. E ai ki te tohunga, i āwhina hoki reira ki te whakapakari i ōhanga te whenua o. kihai i Kuchma huna i te meka e ahu mo te EU, engari i te wa ano, ko ia i roto i kahore hohoro ki te wahi i te hononga tata ki Russia, kua whakapumautia e nga tiriti maha. I roto i enei ko te Tiriti Big pera-ka karanga, i whakaae te mahi tahi i waenganui i nga whenua e rua i runga i te maha o ahumahi matua me ngā wāhi e matua fana'o Ukraine ano, hanga ana e ia he kaitākaro tonu-parirau ki runga ki te atamira ao.

Ko reira e etahi o Kuchma me "ore" whanonga, etahi e keri, me te hunga e kua kï, ohie "kia mariri ake". I roto ia ratou kia tuhia te tikanga ki te kohuru e hiahiatia Kuchma kairīpoata Georgiy Gongadze, e "keri i raro i reira" ka i tino he paru faahiahia, e taea e meinga raruraru nui ki te ka peresideni. I runga i tenei tiaki kihai i Kuchma mutu, me i 2004 te iwi riri, rite te tipu "Krivorozhstal" i hokona ki tana tama-i roto i te - Viktor Pinchuk. I roto i te wa o Kuchma ka pirau rohe me te oligarchy. Na - tonu te rota o ngā take taihara o whānako o moni tūmatanui me ngana ki te huri i te kaupapa ture ki te noho mo te wā tuatoru. Otiia ka haere mai tetahi mea o reira, i roto i te mutunga - te muri pōtitanga peresideniraa, i roto i nei riro Viktor Yanukovych.

Viktor Yanukovych me te Orange Revolution

I roto i te pōtitanga peresideniraa o 2004 toa te peresideni o Ukraine Yanukovich heke mai. A he pai nga mea katoa, anake ko reira te whakahaere o te pakanga papatipu o amuamu e tangohia e wahi i roto i te pane a Iukereiniana, Kiev, i runga i Independence Square. Revolution, i muri Nō te "karaka", i whakaritea e ngā kaitautoko o Viktor Yushchenko, no te mea o te fanongonongo o te Central Kaitiaki Take Kōwhiri o nga hua, i roto i nei te wikitoria o Viktor Yanukovych. whakapae kaha kehe ratou i raraunga eksit-pane, ka mahi podovdom mo te whakatau ki te anō-mau i te a tawhio tuarua, i te mea te wa Nō te "te toru". E tano ia tapao e mahi tenei revolution rite te atu whakahirahira o takaí tae rite i roto i Georgia, Turkey, a inaianei China. Na, whakakitea te toru o tawhio e beat Viktor Yushchenko, ahakoa te meka e kua timata kē te mihi i runga i tona whakarite rite te peresideni Viktor Yanukovych ki te tango i runga i nga upoko o āhua pērā i Russia me Peraruhia.

Ko te kupu, ki te kore i hiahia i roto i Ukraine etahi whenua Western mamao, a kihai kahore noa mohio te wahi tenei whenua ko, i muri i te revolution, ka ia rongonui ao. Na, January 23, ka mau te oati o Peresopnytsia Evanelia me te Ture o Ukraine, me te nga peresideni katoa o Ukraine 2005 Victor Yushchenko (i runga i te tikanga ko ia te toru). I muri i taua, ka haere ia ki te tapawha me hoatu he korero ikuna.

Poari Victor Yushchenko

I roto i tona tikanga whakamatauria Viktor Yuschenko ki te waiho i te kaitautoko o maungārongo ki te United States, NATO me te EU. I roto i tona peresideniraa, i reira ko he whati rawa kaha hononga katoa ki a Russia: te wairua, tōrangapū, ōhanga. hiahia ia ki te utu i te nama mō te hau Russian, i roto i te tikanga ki te kawe i runga i te whakahaere me te tūranga o te rangatira o te Moana Black, a noho i roto i reira te Black moana tāruru o te Russian Federation.

Te peresideni Yushchenko, pa tonu te pou o te matenga o te kāwanatanga, me te whiwhi mana tonu, i tonu i raro i te euphoria o te Orange Revolution, tango tonu i o ratou pou te iwi katoa i te kāwanatanga o mua, me te whakakapi ratou ki te hunga e oho ki a ia. Pirimia Yulia Tymoshenko riro te tikanga ki te tareka pāremata. I meatia tenei e Yushchenko ki te faaineine no te te torona pāremata o ana tangata. I tenei wa, i reira he he wahia i roto i te "whakakotahitanga karaka". Kei te tipu haere te raruraru tōrangapū tutukitanga ki "Gazprom" i runga i tenei papamuri. Ko te kupu, e te peresideni kahore wa ki te mahi ki te raruraru i roto i te whenua, a i roto i te wā i te pato'iraa Viktor Yanukovych ( "Party o Rohe") ko Petro Symonenko ( "Communist Party o Ukraine"), tahi ki Yulia Tymoshenko ( "fatherland") e rapu te Tuhinga o te peresideni.

timata Yulia Tymoshenko me tona kapa ki ka mohiotia "untwist" kaupapa kouru Yushchenko te rota rawa o meka ngā pā ana ki maui nui o moni tūmatanui i roto i te hokotanga, me te anga kamupene, tauira o tenei - "Rosukrenergo." I roto i tona peresideniraa whakahaere Yushchenko ki tuwha i te maha nui o ngā tohu, me whakahau o te kaiaka nanakia tata katoa ratou whanaunga.

I muri i te i riro te reira mārama e kore te tikanga o te Tuhinga o te peresideni ko, rite tona whakatauranga Ko te tino iti (ahakoa te meka i tumanako ia ki te rere hoki te wā tuarua), e tika ana ki te meka e kore matara atu whiriwhiringa, e kua whakaraupapahia Yulia Tymoshenko me tona hoariri matua - Viktor Yanukovych.

hoki

I roto i te 2010, ko tata te pōtitanga peresideniraa ka ū mai kahore he feaa e te hou Ukrainian te peresideni e kia Viktor Fedorovich Yanukovich. i puritia ano pōtitanga i roto i rua rauna. Ka rite ki tūmanakohia, whakaae nga kau taki "Party o Rohe", me "fatherland". Ko te kupu, i runga i Hui-tanguru 14 i muri i te tatau o ngā pōti, ka reira mārama e te wikitoria o Viktor Yanukovych. I roto i te kōkuhutanga o te peresideni i te torutoru take ngā kihai i i i taea ki te tiki atu i te aro o ngā kairīpoata me hoariri o Yanukovych. Ka rite ki te roa rite te peresideni o Ukraine Yanukovych heke mai i te faaineineraa no tona kōkuhutanga, e rua nga ra i mua i te pou ki te kaiwhakatū o Kiev tika ki te waikura o te whakarewa hinga Horepa whika me paparinga (Kyi, paparinga, Horepa - Founders o Kiev). i taea e ki te here ki te whakatamarikitanga ahu o te tūranga o te Verkhovna Rada etahi o tenei take. Otiia ko reira kore noa te hui fun. I te wa ka haere te peresideni heke mai ki te whare Paremata, i roto i te mua o ia ohorere ka anga ki te kati i te tatau.

i korero ki te whakatutuki i

Ka rite ki ki peresideni o mua katoa, timata te poari Yanukovych ki te hanga o tangata poutū huri noa te peresideni. ka karangatia e ia ana hoariri "tanu i te titaha" mo te mahi hua. Ko te kupu i timata te whakatoi tōrangapū o Yulia Tymoshenko ko Yuriy Lutsenko, nei i muri mau, ka whiua ki te wā herehere mo te momo o ngā tuhinga. Noatia, tohe Viktor Yanukovych e tumu tōrangapū katoa i roto i tenei, engari whakapono i roto i reira painga.

Ki te whakaaro ki te peresideni Yanukovych, ka kore matou e taea te mea e i roto i tona kingitanga e kore i tae ia tetahi hua. Ko te raruraru i taua, i te rerekē ki peresideni o mua katoa, i ia e kore te mea he akoranga ngā ki te whakapakari i hononga ki te Te Hau-ā-uru, a ki runga ki te whanaketanga o whanaunga ki Russia, i te mea e kore e tino pai te "pro-Pākehā" kaupapa here. Ka rite ki te hua, te pōtitanga peresideniraa muri i roto i Ukraine tango te wahi i runga i te whakamārama o te revolution hou.

ano revolution

Kua i roto i te mutunga o 2013 - wawe 2014 whiwhi tatou i te revolution Pākehā ranei "revolution rangatiratanga", i reira te koroheke, me nga kau taki hou o te "Maidan" faaoti ki tahoê i roto i te tikanga ki te whakamahi i te revolution ki te huri i te kāwanatanga. E ratou tahuri te reira i roto i - a kia rite ki te hua o Yanukovych rere i te whenua. I roto i te horopaki o te whawhai ka tīmata te whakarite mo te pōtitanga i muri, a kua reira he hau e Poroshenko - Peresideni o Ukraine.

Petro Poroshenko

Tata i ruarua kahore tetahi e tetahi o nga kau taki kaha o te "Maidan" ka hei te peresideni. Ka rite ki hoki Petro Poroshenko, e kore e mohiotia ai e te hunga i te kaitōrangapū, engari atu rite te kaipakihi, te rangatira o te kamupene rare pai-mohiotia Roshen. Tata ki te katoa, ko Pita anake Poroshenko, he kaitono hangarau mō te peresideniraa o Ukraine. Ko rawa kanorau te rārangi. ka mawehe atu te kaitono o te "Pāti Ipurangi o Ukraine", engari i te kau whakamutunga - i te kaitono mō te mewaro peresideniraa noa Darth gewon. E kore te pōti i tango tetahi wahi o Crimea, pera i te wa o ona noho pōti i roto i te tāpaetanga pōti ki uru atu te Russian Federation, a, o te akoranga, nga rohe rawhiti o Ukraine - Donetsk me Luhansk rohe - e tika ana ki te haere tonu ngā mahi hōia i roto i enei rohe. Ko te kōkuhutanga o te peresideni o Ukraine Poroshenko, rite Yanukovych, he hoki e kore kahore ona taime ngā. Ahakoa Poroshenko e haere iho i te whāriki whero ki te Verkhovna Rada, tetahi o nga hoia o te kaitiaki o te honore, te āhua, ka ia patu wera, e te aha i tuturu iho ia i tona pū ringa, me te tata hemo. I roto i tenei take, i haere te peresideni heke mai mua me te mea fakatokanga'i.

Ko tonu Talk e pā ana ki ngā take motuhake wawe rawa, no te mea he tino uaua i roto i te meka i roto i te whawhai i roto i te rawhiti o Ukraine ki te hoatu i tētahi aromatawai tika Poroshenko. Te peresideni o Ukraine, rite mua, e ai ta e pahuatia te takotoranga moni, ka whai ki te huihui ki mehua e kaingäkautia ki te titiro maia ki te heke mai kanapa.

Enei ko nga rangatira nunui katoa o Ukraine i te tikanga i te tuatahi ki te tino (waimarie kino ki te mea "whakamutunga"). Ka taea e koe te whakapono pono anake i roto i te meka e i roto i tenei putaputa peresideniraa o Ukraine, i roto i te wā poto ngā o te mana motuhake te whakahaere ki te ora i te torutoru takaí, a ko te hunga i rima peresideni, ka hei mo, a ka kitea te whenua te rangatira kaha. No mea he aha te akoranga e piri ki te peresideni hou o Ukraine, te Western Russian ranei, he mea nui anake e ite haumaru, me te haumaru e noho, kia ai ko utu penihana penihana, a mau te iwi - te utu. Otiia i roto i te tikanga ki te whakatutuki i tenei, me meinga koutou nga kaha, me ahakoa tei te rota i runga i te tuakiri o te peresideni, e kore e wareware e pā ana ki te iwi i roto i tona tira, e kia kia hoki hiahia i roto i to ratou ake oranga kore anake, engari ano hoki i roto i te pai o tona iwi. He whāinga taketake o tetahi kaitōrangapū whaiaro-mo, nui iti te peresideni o te whenua motuhake tenei.