Pope John XXIII: te hua o te mahi

Ko te Pope - te tūranga teitei i roto i te ao Katorika, ko reira te matenga kitea o te Ekalesia, hiro'a minita me te kēnana. Homai te mana tiketike o te pontiff tapu, me i te wa ano te upoko o te Ariki, Vatican State, katoa he hunga kakahu i tenei taitara tiketike, e taea te huaina tuakiri pono tino. Otiia ara i roto i te mau patereareha hahi i te iwi ngā tino, e ka mahara hītori ake.

Enei taea te unambiguously pēnei Pope John XXIII. Tona pōtitanga ki te torona ko mate, faaite hītori tonu te aamu o te Ekalesia Katorika i roto i te wā i mua i te Tuarua Vatican Kaunihera, huihui e John XXIII, me te wā i muri.
Kua whai wāhi ngā kaupapa here whakaaro nui, me te i whanganga ano ki te whakaoranga o te Patereareha o tui tangata i roto i te mana teitei, i roto i te pai, i te tika. Ko reira tenei whakapono pono tanumia tata i raro i te Tokāteliné fakalotu mutunga, ture mate o te tika, me te mau parau haapiiraa tawhito.

Biography tapu i te aroaro o tona pōtitanga ki te papacy

Pope John XXIII, i roto i te ao Andzhelo Dzhuzeppe Roncalli, e haere mai ana i te rawakore, i te utuafare kaiahuwhenua nui. I whanau ia i roto i te raki Itari i te kawanatanga picturesque o Bergamo i 1881.

Kua i roto i nga tau tuatahi o te ako i roto i te kura tuatahi te porowini i faaineine i te taata faaapu taitamariki ki te tomo i te haapiiraa evanelia. Ki te awhina o te tohunga rohe, ako te tamaiti Latin. Ia pai te puta i te haapiiraa evanelia i roto i Bergamo i 1900, me wha nga tau i muri mai, me te Theological Faculty o te Pontifical Seminary i Roma. I te 1904, i whakaritea e ia he tohunga, a ka hēkeretari ki te episekopo D. Radin Tedeschi. Ua haapii hoki hītori o te karakia i roto i te haapiiraa evanelia taua i roto i Bergamo.

I roto i te Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao mahi ia i roto i te ope, ano he maau hauora i roto i te hōhipera, ka he minita hōia. I 1921, ko Andzhelo Dzhuzeppe Roncalli he mema o te whakaminenga mo'a o te whakapono.

Pope John XXIII: mahi takawaenga, Nunciature, hohou

Roncalli angitu rite karere Rome (Nuncio) tika hoki tokanga makehe. kātakí High, maramarama me te mōhiotanga, te takawaenga i tauturu ia ki te kōrero pai ki te iwi o faaroo rerekē, tui fakalotú, me ngā tikanga. tohe ia e kore e hiahia ana te iwi ki te korero i te reo o te mārika, tohutohu pai me ngā kawa, me te reo o te manaaki tētahi ki tētahi, ki te whakarongo ki whakaaro rerekē, ki te whakaae te oraraa o rave rahi mau parau mau i roto i te ingoa o te pai me te rangimarie.

I roto i te episekoporaa i 1925 ki te 1953, ko ia Nuncio i Sofia, Ankara, Atene ko Paris. Ana razvertelas mahi takawaenga i roto i te tau fifi, i haere tahi nei i mahi hōia, takaí, huringa o te kāwanatanga, me ētahi atu tauturu rangimarie whakatau ia papā i ngā taumata - .. Mai i te mau faaipoiporaa interfaith ki hinana tōrangapū.

A i roto i te 1953, i pōtitia Roncalli pēteliake o Venice, Cardinal.

John XXIII: te timatanga o te mahi

e kore pōti o Pope i roto i 1958 i ngāwari me i haere tahi e te raruraru whakahaere o te Curia Roma. Ko te pakanga mo te pou o te patereareha nui whakahaere te nuinga i waenganui i te puni e rua: te katinara-conservatives me "Progressives." Ia i tona kaitono ake, engari e kore kua kore tetahi i hoatu he maha rawaka o ngā pōti.

I roto i te mutunga, i whiriwhiri ai i runga i te a tawhio 11 o te ta'iruru i Pope Roncalli, "hoiho pouri" i roto i te kaitono katinara. riro ia te popa matamua pōtitia i te wa (ko ia 77 tau tau.) whiriwhiria Roncalli ingoa Rome John XXIII. Ko tenei kotahi rongonui i roto i Dads ingoa te ahua o "kanga". I mua ki taua, e kore 550 tau tetahi o nga pontiffs whiriwhiria karakia Hoani ingoa rite te piro Hoani te XXIII Balthazar Cossa - Antipope - na ka karanga ia. Otiia fakamamafa'i Roncalli e whiriwhiri ia tenei ingoa i roto i te kororia o St. Ioanna Predtechi me te Aposetolo Ioanna Bogoslova , a i roto i te mahara o tona papa. tonu ia i te taairaa piri ki o ratou matua, teina, me tuahine i roto i ngā wāhanga katoa o te mahi-Siasí. ka mea hoki Patereareha e kore a John XXIII (Antipope) he Pope tika, rite "ture" i roto i te wehewehenga Western, ko te tangata hara kino, a ka i kahore tika ki te kakahu i tenei ingoa tapu.

Ko te pōtitanga o Pope John XXIII ko te ahua o te taahiraa takoha, ka rahua tetahi o nga contenders matua ki te riro ngā pōti nui i roto i nga katinara. John XXIII Baden i "popa tauwhirowhiro", nei i mahara ki te whakahaere tikanga tae noa kihai i whakatau te Ekalesia Katorika te akoranga whakamutunga o te wä (momo ahu whakamua ranei). Pea etahi wāhi i roto i te whakatau o nga katinara takaro me te meka e kore i taea e kingitanga o Hoani muri roa, no te mea ko ia kua 77 tau tau. Otiia i roto i te meka, ka tenei "haere Teti" he ahua fifi i roto i te ao Karaitiana, te ahua tino kōkiri o tona wa. I roto i te wā poto o tona pontificate, i taea e ki te whakauru i te rota o liliu mahu'inga ia.

kaupapa Pope Ekalesia

Ka rite ki te rata hōia, ka Nuncio, kite John XXIII, ua a ite te rota o te mau parau mau papā, ka tutaki ki te raruraru pāpori ohorere, kōrero ki te iwi o ngā whakapono rerekē, kite he rota o mate, pakanga, whakangaromanga. Ko ia he tangata e matau ana ki te nui o te tangata kei te haere i roto i te whawhai uaua me tau he vahaataimi o rukerukenga: rawakore, mate, rawakore. Na mohio ia taua aumauiui, te aroha, koropiko mau parau mau mārama, pērā i pai, te tika, me te whakapono i roto i te pai - ko tenei te mea te iwi titau i te hahi, e kore te kēnana auau, Tokāteliné, koropiko ki te aroaro o te tupuna.

Papa ko te takitahi rawa whai mana, ka haere ia ki te Vatican, kahore hoki te tira, e kore ia i whakamahi i tona tūranga ki te whakatairanga i te utuafare e aore hoa i roto i te porowhita tōrangapū, me te karakia. kihai ia i pai ki te whakatau ki te rangatira ranei nga kaimahi, me te inu i runga i te huarahi. Otiia i roto i te noa'tu o taua eccentricity, i pono ki te ture a te Atua ia.

ka mohio ia e taea kawea te pono o te mau faaueraa a te Atua ki te iwi anake, no te pā ana ki te mau Kerisetiano i roto i to ratou reo, whakarongo ki te whakaaro whai o etahi, te faatura no te mau hoa Kerisetiano.

whakakahoretia e ia te genuflection, te Kihikihi tuku iho o te whakakai, whakahau te tango i te papakupu kupu flowery o momo "glubokochtimy mangai" me "Te Hipanga Monk".

whakatuwheratia papa te ao hahi. Ki te, i roto i te mau tau atoa a i te hawhe tuatahi o te rautau rua tekau, i pā ana Katorika ki Mana, i muri i tona kingitanga, kua oho te āhuatanga i te wāhi mate. tonu te hahi ki te riro hoki te tōrangapū, mahi matua wä, engari mutu te mana o nga minita ki te kia inviolable.

I tua atu ki te kōrero ā-fakalotu tata, John te XXIII - World Papa - tīmataria te kaupapa here hou ki te whakatutuki i te māngai o akonoanga kore-Karaitiana katoa. karangatia e ia nga parau tumu o te whakaute mō rātou uara hau, tikanga ahurea, ngā tikanga, waiaro pāpori.

I te tuatahi utua te reira i te haerenga ki Hiruharama, ka puaki he whakapāha ki nga Hurai mo te maha nga tau o te hamani-, tutu, anti-Semitism. whakaae kāwanatanga Rome New e he kiko nga whakapae o te Hurai mo te mate o Ihu Karaiti, a kihai te kaiārahi Katorika hou i uru ratou.

ua faaite Pope John XXIII kia whakakotahi te iwi katoa te ao, whakapono pai i roto i te manaaki tētahi ki tētahi pai, te hiahia ki te whakaora i ora te tangata, nui atu i te taiva ore ki te kēnana. Ko pea ia te tuatahi o nga upoko katoa o te Vatican whakaae e kore e mea faufaa, he aha te reo whakahaere e te ratonga hahi, tu te whakaminenga noho ranei. Padre na i roto i te wā, me te ataahua kumea ana whakarongo ki te meka e te hahi, hei utu mo te iwi ki te hanga a ratou pai me te ake tahi, ake o ratou confuses me Wehea, miramira te hiahia ki te whai i te rārangi tangohia o ngā kōrero tuku iho fakalotu e rerekē mō ia haapa'oraa: te tika ki te kia iriiria, koropiko tika a tikanga i roto i te whare karakia.

ka mea ia: "I roto i te whakarerenga iho karakia hahi ngoi ana hau te mura Matiu, e hiahia ana koe ki te whakatuwhera i te matapihi, he iti whānui."

Te Kaunihera Tuarua Vatican

Pope John XXIII Field tino tūmanako nga katinara me te Curia i roto i tona tikanga kūpapa mārie, i roto i 90 ra i muri i te mahi o te papacy, ua faaite te Pope tona hiahia ki te karanga i te kaunihera etumene. Ko whakauaua te tauhohenga te whakaae katinara. ka mea ratou e tae noa 1963 ka waiho reira tino uaua ki te faaineine i huihuia te Kaunihera, i mea pai te Pope, ka taka e ki 1962.

i mua i ara te karakia ako Giovanni e ia ia mate pukupuku, engari kihai ia i te mahi meá no hiahia ia ki te ora ki te kite i te rā tangohia ka te whakatuwheratanga o te tono Cathedral ki te iwi tika tono mo te rongo mau, te aroha, me te aroha.

Ko te whāinga o te whare karakia, ko ki urutau te Ekalesia ki te ao hou, kia hoa, kōrero, me te pea whakahui ki te Tari o Karaitiana. I te Cathedral i karangatia hoki māngai o te hapori Siu i Kariki, Russia, Poland, Hiruharama.

Ko te hua o Vatican II, i mutu i muri i te matenga o Pope John XXIII, ko te whakatamarikitanga o te kaupapa ture hou pāriha "Fiefia ko Hope", te wahi i whakaaro huarahi hou ki te mātauranga fakalotú, te haere noa o te whakapono, me te huru ki hahi kore-Karaitiana.

Hua me te aro mātai o te

True pai ana te whakahaere o te Pontifex Maximus taea te tau torutoru i muri tata noa hono kau muimuí. Ko te tangata e ka kohikohi ki huihuia ake etahi hua o tona kingitanga, ina tatari hoki te ranunga fakaofo o ongo e ko te tahi mea i runga i te mimiha o te ahuareka, me te ohorere. I muri i te katoa, he wiri nga hua o nga mahi o te Pope.

ara i taea e koe te mea e tamau noa ia ki te whakaawe i te ao Katorika mō te maha nga tau i muri i tona matenga. Ki runga ki te ako o tana mate kāpeka, Pope John XXIII puku faaineine tona mono Cardinal Giovanni Battista Montini, e riro te Pope hou i muri i oti a Hoani te rua karakia, ka tonu nga mea pai nui o tona ariki.

Kia mohiotia kaitōrangapū Pākehā, tae atu a Hamuera Huntington, fakamamafa'i hoki te tūranga o te hahi i roto i te whanaketanga o te hapori i roto i te rau tau rua tekau. Rawa ki runga ki te aha mahi takaro i roto i tenei tukanga e Pope John XXIII, i kitea hoki nga hua o nga mahi o tenei Pontiff nui i roto i te whanaketanga o te manapori huri noa te ao.

SV poto toku "mahi" i runga i te torona o te Katorika Pope tukuna 8 tuhinga Rome motuhake (encyclicals). I roto i a ratou, ua faaite e ia he tirohanga hou o te Ekalesia Katorika i te tūranga o te minita i roto i te hou hapori, metua vahine, te rangimarie, te ahunga whakamua. Whiringa 11, 1961 tukuna ia encyclicals "te whakaaro nui Ta'engatá Atua", i faaite te rourou whakaaro tatou pai - te kotahitanga o te Māoritanga vsehristianskogo. karanga ia ki te Siu ko Kariki Katorika Karaitiana "tuakana".

Pope Giovanni XXIII hononga ki te hapori

Ahakoa ka karanga a John XXIII "te Pope o te rangimarie" "Pope Whero" no te mea o tona huru kātaki ki nga whenua-pāpori, me tona hiahia ki te whakauru i te "hapori fakalotu" ranei. Ua haapapu ia e me hāngai te painga o nga iwi katoa i runga i tika, wira, me ngā kawenga o te tangata ia, engari faaterehia e te tikanga morare, me te Siasí. faaite hepara i e i roto i te pūtake o te otinga o ngā raruraru o te hapori kia hāngai i runga i te mau parau tumu o te tauturu te tahi, me te humanism. ka korero ia ano i roto i manakohia o te haere noa o whiriwhiri o te tikanga, no te whaiaro iteraa-wāhitanga rite mo te iwi o nga whenua katoa.

Me kï reira e nga whakaaro materialist me hapori ka kahakina tonu peka e te Ekalesia Katorika rite whakapono. whakakitea Pope John XXIII whakaaro nui inä, tautoko takawaenga whanaunga ki Cuba, te Soviet Union, rite te rangatira tika o te kāwanatanga Vatican. I te wa ano, fakamamafa'i ia e i roto i tetahi take e kore e whakaae ki te whakaaro faka'ikai'i-, a reira he anake he Katorika pono me te "pononga a te Atua". Otiia i te wa taua mo whakaaro motu o nga tangata katoa o te ao. Na hāngai ana ki te te tūranga o te manaaki tētahi ki tētahi, me te ngāwari i roto i te ārai o pakanga me pakanga.

I roto i tona kupu whakanui, ka karanga John XXIII pai rahi me te utu nui o te ao i roto i te ao. I roto i tona kingitanga kua mutu te Vatican ki kia totalitarian, timahia, pono ki te tuku iho o te whakahaere mate, a tahuri ana ki te whare Siasí mana, î ki te sverhneytraliteta wairua.

April 11, 1963 puta te Pope encyclicals "rangimarie i runga i te whenua", i arotahi ki runga ki Social Affairs, ka karanga i runga i te hiahia mō te kōrero i waenganui i te mua me capitalists, ka arotahi ki runga ki te meka e reira e kore ngā whakahēnga wä e kore e taea te whakatika, ki te mahi tatou i roto i te ingoa o te rangimarie me te tika.

Hoariri o te pontiff kaupapa here John XXIII

I riro te reira e kore e taea ki te tönuitanga, te hoariri o John XXIII Baden me, no te mea i tona pōtitanga, Chancery Rome aromatawai whai o tona tau, me te āhua o te hauora. Tāpiri ki tenei tona tiaraa amui tōrangapū me te kātakí te kōtore. I kite ia i rite, te tangata tawhito rereke, pai-natured picky te Tauākī taua o padre tuawhenua paari ki te whānau rawakore. Ko te katinara i roto i te ta'iruru te rawa hoohonutanga tona u o te whakapono me te ngākau mo te hanganga o mahi pai.

Initiative, te encyclical o Pope i pai riro e te Ekalesia Katorika o te "ao tuatoru", engari awhi tokomaha o nga hanganga Roma ko Vatican katinara, kia hoatu ai oangé,, kino.

Ētahi atu i roto i taua hahi institution kua tonu "piri meatanga." A i te taua Pope John XXIII tīmataria te whakakāhoretanga o maha hahi, me te honore rite "tuku iho" te mana o te minita Katorika. Te nuinga o nga amuamu haehae minita o te Vatican, te Tari Tapu.

Ko te mate o te popa, te canonization, canonization

Pipiri 3, 1963 ka mate ia, Pope John XXIII. i whakapakokotia tinana o Pope tonu i te University Katorika o Heart Toputapu o Ihu Gennaro nga kaihao ia, ka tanumia i roto i nga grottoes o Basilica o St. Pita.

I teie mahana, te toenga o Padre penapena i roto i te kawhena karaihe i roto i te Basilica o Cathedral o St. Pita i roto i Roma. I roto i te 2000, Pope John Paul II kua runga i tona mua kororia ki te beatified, a i roto i 2014 i tukuna e rua o ratou ki rite hunga tapu. E whakahonoretia ana te Ekalesia Katorika i te mahara o Pope Giovanni XXIII, he hararei i roto i tona kororia ki runga ki 11 Oketopa.

He kiriata e pā ana ki Pope John XXIII

I roto i āta whakawhetai te rongonui Papa Giovanni XXIII, mo tona takoha ki te whanaketanga o te whakapono, te rangimarie me te aroha katoa e taea, ki te whakarongo koe ki tona tohutohu, ka mau i te torutoru nga kaupae ki te whanaketanga-whaiaro, me te faarahiraa i. Otiia no te mea o ara nui-tauine ki te whakawhetai te Pontiff mo ona ratonga e taea te huaina te kiriata "John XXIII. Ko te Pope o te rangimarie." Ko te mau a'oraa kiriata e pā ana ki 2002 Dzhuzeppe Ronkalli, tae atu tona tamarikitanga i Bergamo, kura, mahi hahi, me te mahi i runga i te torona Rome. Tenei faahiahia kōhauhau aratai kiriata Italian Dzhordzhio Kapitani ā whakaata ngākau o te Pope, tona fafauraa ki te mau mana'o o te taitamarikitanga, haere noa whaiaro, kātakí tahi me te toleration.