Prince Meshchersky. Ko te hītori o te

hoa mate o te rohi pehe Kapariera Derzhavin, manuhiri Prince Meshchersky. I pouri te rohi pehe e tona wehenga atu kia taua pahono ode. Ahakoa te kore rahi odic o a nui tūturu i roto i te momo, te rarangi waru-waru na pa te wairua o te kaipānui, e ka tīmata te taniwha, rapu mō ngā mōhiohio e pā ana ki te hunga i te Prince Meshchersky me te mea kei te mohiotia e ia mo? Huri i te reira i roto i - tetahi mea. Te nuinga o te iwi noa, ahakoa te māngai o te whānau tahito. Prince Alexander, e pā ana ki nei na i pouri Derzhavin nui nui atu i roto i te rongo i tona uri - Vladimir, nei i tuhituhi rite te kairīpoata, ka whakaputaina, ka ētita "Citizen" makasini. Otiia ka timata Prince Vladimir whakaputa i roto i 1887, ko Derzhavin ode "I te mate o Prince Meshchersky" i tuhituhia i roto i te 1779, tata he rau tau ki muri.

ode

Mate ko mure ore - te kaupapa e rua e pā ana ki i ia me nga wa e pūtahi ana i roto i te ode Derzhavina pono inä me kătahi o nga lyrics - i te mea he aha hohoro ka pai-mohiotia, ka aroha e pānui i teie mau irava. Ēnei rārangi whakatakotoria rapunga whakaaro hohonu ki te faatura ki te oranga iti tangata, me te ao hia nui, i roto i nei te Prince Meshchersky tonu ora. Kei te whakamarie te reira ki te kaipānui he aha Derzhavin whakaatu tangata hei wāhanga o te natura, i te mea tonu, a reira te iwi o tenei mure ore, ahakoa he tino tahuti, rangitahi me impermanent ia ora takitahi. I muri i te katoa, nga tangata - me te mate - he rangatira, me te iti.

whakahaere Genius Derzhavin ki ngā ora ki te mate i roto i te sensation koa o te tuatahi, me te wheako fakamamahi o te muri, me te mate Prince Meshchersky ki te ringa marama o te ora o te rohi pehe i tonu he pōhiri - na hohonu a Kohara empathized pehe ki tona hoa tata. Mate ngali, ta'etuku, he reira tau'a ki te meka i ko e mea hakari ana, ki tonu i te ataahua me te mauruuru, papai me te kāpasá te ora katoa o nga rārangi hero Derzhavin ode. Ki te rohe o te whakaari whakarei e tenei fakafepaki: i runga i te mate o Prince Meshchersky taea ki te urupare ki te kupu "otmuchilsya". Ano he pakanga töna roto i te ode, te pakanga, me te pūnaha atahanga, whakamahia e te kaituhi.

Tūturu i roto i te hanganga o te pakanga ode arata'i ki te matauranga e he maiorooro te āhua mita o te ao, me te kore e taea te heke ki te kotahitanga kotahi o te iku'anga tangata. "Kei hea ko te tepu o rihi - te kawhena takoto ..." - makehe i roto i tona irava kaha. "I runga i te mate o Prince Meshchersky" - he ode ki te hoko haké tahi, i reira ia ora raina e ngana ana ki te pato'ii te mate.

pato'iraa

Waru ngā rārangi ia tumanako o te ode tika whakapuaki te pato'iraa o te ora, me te mate. Kei te kī te reira i rerekē ngā taumata rauemi kai whiti. tata āhua, hanga wetereo, te haruru o naki tauira huringa me pera i runga i. Derzhavin te whakamahi ara rawa rahi - whakarite aua whiti, i runga i te wā, ko kua i, i roto i nga mahi o hono kau muimuí ka mau āhua rite te taupatupatu. Ko te ara tino uaua, engari ano hoki tino expressive: "Souls Dead" e Gogol, "te tinana ora" e Tolstoy, "Hot Snow" i Bondarev - te ingoa kawe ratou te rangirua o mana'o, kare, āhua o te ngakau i roto i te whakawhitinga o etahi ngā.

Derzhavin ko te kaiwhakarewa o tenei tikanga o faaiteraa i roto i te reo tuhituhi. I roto i te ara ano ki te tiki haere tikanga tino ritenga - e ko he taupatupatu. Ko te rangirua me ketanga i roto i te katoa - e kore e anake i roto i nga mahi tangata, i roto i tona whanonga, engari ano hoki te katoa o te ora - tetahi o he taupatupatu anake, i konei he nui rawa taua o parau i roto i te rārangi o te ode. Ko te tātaritanga o te rotarota "I te mate o Prince Meshchersky" mārama whakaatu aua parau tumu, e na e kia whakawhanakehia, parakore, a ki te mōrahi ka whakanui i te pikaunga hinengaro o te mahi. Hei tauira, te parau: "te Atua teie mahana me apopo te puehu." Tenei te tikanga i te whai ake: kua whanau matou ki te mate, a ki tona mate i te ora e manakohia. Heoi hanga te whakaaro matua me oro Derzhavins mahi nui i roto i tenei mahi.

Prince Alexander Meschersky

Ode, tito e Derzhavin ka whakaputaina ingoamuna i roto i te "St Petersburg Gazette" i roto i te 1779, kua meinga e ia tenei tangata rongonui. Young Ivan Dmitriev i pera mīharo ki te aho raraunga e tino hiahia ki te whakatau i te kaituhi, a ia e kore e anake. City a muri buzzed whenua, te faaiteraa i te ngākau. Ahakoa Pushkin, he maha nga tau i muri i te whakaputanga o tenei mahi, ua faahiahia e te ara e te epigraph ki Chapter "Dubrovsky" ka mau raina Derzhavin. I muri i te katoa, e mea he taea ki te whakapuaki i te whakaaro o te ora me te mate, me te ake āta poto. whänui te pikitia katoa o te oraraa tangata te ki rohe whanui. Raina epigrammatically kihai whaia kawe i tata tetahi mea e pā ana ki tona lyrical zhizneopisatelnogo hero ohorere mate.

E te tama a papai, iwi hauora tika, me te kaha. He aha te patu, a ko tona mate hoki hoa, whanaunga, me i mohio. Oda te nuinga o te wā i tuhituhia i runga i te tangata mahu'inga i te iti rawa e arataki i te ture katoa o Classicism. Na konei - te hoa o te rohi pehe. tahuti noa, kahore i roto i o te katoa maha o to'utangata tino. Ehara i te mea Suvorov, e kore Potemkin, me rangatira noa. He aha i maau a Derzhavin "I te mate o Prince Meshchersky" hanga he taua mana'o puai i ni'ai hono to'utangatá kore anake, engari ano hoki i runga i nga uri tawhiti? Ko te hoki tenei taone: i taua wa, e kore te e kore tetahi whakaaturia ture katoa-kaha, me te noa na nui o te ao i roto i o te iwi te nuinga o te whakarau.

Ko te whakapakoko o te mate

tukua mate Derzhavins i roto i ona kaha katoa - Taipitopito me te ātaahua. whakaaturia te whakapakoko i roto i ona dynamics - a ngā wā katoa tohatoha. Mai i pakiri o niho ki te aroaro o poporetanga ra matahao o te ora tangata - i roto i te tumanako tuatahi. Na roto i te horomia kingitanga katoa, me te nanakia wahia mea katoa a tawhio noa - i roto i te rua.

whānuitanga atu e āhuatanga wāhi: tangi nga whetu, te ra e haere ki waho, i nga ao katoa i roto i te ati o te mate. Here i reira he ano he "Tuhinga" kore ki te rere i roto i tenei wāhi ake. Derzhavin huri haputanga o te kaipānui o te ora, he iti tawai te huahua: mate stares, grinning, ki nga kingi, takihuri, taonga, whakakake i tupato - me mau atu, kei te whakakoi katoa te mata o tona toronaihi.

keynotes

e kore e mārama i runga i te wehenga o te tumanako ofati te whakapati kōrero. He maha o ngā rautaki toi motuhake whakaturia hoki tenei whakaaro Derzhavin tona mahi. Tumanako rite rere ki tetahi ki tetahi (technique, tono hoki te wa tuatahi kia tino me mārama i roto i te tuhinga Russian). Tutonu i te whakaaro matua i roto i te rārangi o te tumanako whakamutunga, ka tuaruatia te rohi pehe reira i roto i te rārangi tuatahi o te muri, a ka whakawhanake me te whakapakari i. Thoughts me whakapakoko e kua toutou puta noa te kuputuhi, ka karanga te leitmotif, ka mau ratou painga o Derzhavin. Ode "I te mate o Prince Meshchersky" ïa no te mea ka whiwhi mahi kia kikokore, me te ōrite. mahi te reira i rite te leitmotif matua o te mate tau'a ore, me te passionless me poto, rite te moe, te ora.

kuputuhi metaphysical

i hoatu Prince Meshchersk tūranga teitei, tūranga rangatira, a kihai ia i riro rongonui mō te kore noa iho - e kore i roto i te hōia e kore te whakahaere ranei i te tari toi. Ko te tangata kahore tetahi taranata, ki ngā āhuatanga ahuareka pono manaaki Russian (i roto i te parau tumu i reira tata katoa). Ko te ingoa tuatahi i hoatu e tana mahi Derzhavin, a e kōrero ai ki te momo o ngā karere whiti, engari e kore e ki te ode kēnana: "Na SV Perfilieva mate Aleksandra Ivanovicha Mescherskogo". Heoi, ko te ode pathos pono, rangona te pere tocsin, hoatu te hononga tūmomo ki te tumanako tuatahi: "Ko te wā kupumahi Metal jingle!".

Na ka marama ia take metaphysical. hanga ara tangata tino unknown tangata he iti iti tonu, me nga tangata katoa e ora ana, he iti iti tonu - te mate o te tangata. whakaaturia te mate o te hoa te rite te hui existential i roto i awa mau heheuraa tųpuna whakamiharo. Te kōrero e pā ana ki te mate o te rangatira, Derzhavin āta whakataurite reira ki ona ake. Ko te kotahitanga o nga tangata ki te katoa o te tangata - konei ko reira te metaphysics o tenei whakaaro. I te wa ano te ode "I te mate o Prince Meshchersky" ta fakafepaki ki te mate, no te mea kōrero katoa raina te whakaata e pā ana ki te tikanga o te oranga tangata ngā i roto i te whānui, i te ao, ahakoa ona ture a'oi.

hanganga pū

kāhuarau taketake tatari te kaipānui i roto i ia veesi: te pionie o te rotarota Russian mo te wa tuatahi whakaurua ki tuhinga he kāwai rawa hou: nui-iti, tonu, me te pae tino, tūmataiti, whānui, waitara-raima. O te akoranga, kua mohiotia katoa o tenei mai te wa o Aristotle. Otiia Derzhavin enei kāwai he kore tangi rite tahi tomo ki te kōtuitanga.

Odic, kua kite i kake, tangi miharo nga matekiri tino o tona mau marôraa. ora tangata, me tona tikanga: e kore e anake te mate whakaaro ki te mate. He maha peheé oxymorons, a kei katoa ratou i roto i tenei ode fakamamahi no ratou ite Derzhavin. "I runga i te mate o Prince Meshchersky" - he ode, i hoatu te kaipānui i roto i te mata o te mate rite anake te tamau, mai tetahi apopo hinonga tau kotahi mano ranei, rite te baobab, mate tonu.

whakatupato ki te kaipānui

Ko te oraraa o te tamau taua tirengi noa, me te halá no te mea existentially rite kore e reira kia tikanga, a, na reira, e kore he pono te ngako, ki te i roto i te heke mai i mahue tetahi tohu o reira. tapiritia Derzhavin tikanga i roto i te oraraa pai-whangai, engari te nuinga horihori o tona hoa, te ode "I te mate o Prince Meshchersky."

hanga Tātaritanga o tenei hua te wetereo kore anake, engari ano hoki philosopho, e pā nei te ki katoa o ona kōrero ki te tauira o te ao, te wahi i reira he kahore takitahi samoosnovannosti te rite kowaiwai o te tuakiri beingness. Heoi, tomo te wheako i roto o te rohi pehe ki te tautohe ki te tūturu, me te mea ki te whakatupato i te kaipānui i ko ia i runga i te mata o te hohonu, e kore e haukotia te mekameka panoni, tetahi, me te ka ngaro katoa i roto i te mea ngaro rangi, kahore te wahi iti.

Tētahi atu Prince Meshchersky

Derzhavin ki Prince Meshchersky Vladimir Pavlovich kore i taea e whai i te hononga, ahakoa i whakawhiwhia tona tupuna he ode ki tona matenga. Prince Alexander ko he runanga kāwanatanga, i mahi rite te tari tikanga. aroha ia tuhinga, me te hapori St Petersburg English (karapu). Meshchersky haere whanau o Tatar rangatira o te tekau ma toru te rau, i roto i te tekau ma wha, me te tekau ma rima ano - puritia Meshcherov, tae atu i te mau melo o te puninga e nga kawana - me pirihimana hoia. Ko katoa mohiotia e te e pā ana ki te rangatira Meshchersky, kahore motuhake tenei. Otiia i roto i te 1838, i whanau ia i te mokopuna o Karamzin, Prince Vladimir Meshchersky, e kore rawa i roto i Derzhavinsk piro. Tenei Ko tetahi o nga pūāhua matua o te rautau tekau mā iwa, te ora tūmatanui o Russia, te huru, e kore hau hinengaro-pupuhi anake, engari ano hoki ngahau ribald. He tokomaha mahi, whakaputaina he moheni (i muri mai - i te niupepa) i tuhituhi "Speech momo" nei i tino rongonui i roto i tona to'utangata.

Tona papa - Guard ko Rutene Kol Pita Meschersky, whaea - te tamahine matamua o te faihisitōlia rongonui me te kaituhi Nikolai Karamzin. Mau metua - morare iwi ataahua, whakamarama, me te hunga e whakapono ana i roto i te mana'o. Te tama, i roto i ana kupu ake, i te huru, me te kino, me te āhua. ahau moe ahau o mahinga i te ingoa o te motherland me aro tahae i nga tangata ke. i whiriwhiria ara Literary ratou matapōkeretia. I roto i te 1981 fakamatala'i ia haerenga o te kingi ki a Potemkin, ki nei ko ia hoa. I maoro i homai Prince Meshchersky kāmera-Junkers. Na te mahi o te Interior Tāhuhu, a ka whakatuwheratia te ara ki te hangaia tata te karapu rongonui. Na ka anga te pikitanga tere o te rangatira i roto i te tufaa Russian whiriwhiri.

Kaitohutohu ki te Ariki,

Kaiako kainga - Counts Stroganov, pai Prince Meshchersky, na te whānui o te kōrero o Prince kei i altitudes runga ake te kapua - meinga e ia te hoa tata o Tsesarevicha Nikolaya (konei muia e te tikanga taua, i noa'tu o te huru ki te arii Russian heke mai). i homai Life High Vladimiru Mescherskomu o kore rite ngāwari rite te mea te reira: te Stroganov obzovot "kurtizanom kino" e muhumuhu i muri nui rawa, me te giggling. Heoi, ko te kaitohutohu mo te taiao kainga katoa hoki ia Meschersky riro tonu. Ko te Tsarevich mau kino, a haere tahi Prince ia mo te maimoatanga i Europe, mo e te rangatira o Tari Taiwhenua Valuev huaina reira "tupu i te marae."

I muri i te matenga o Nicholas (i reira ko te korero o whakamomori i runga i te papa whenua o te tane) i hoatu e Meshcherskomu tetahi o te Karauna Piriniha, te heke mai - Alexander III, e whanga mana'o mo whanaunga o te rangatira. Tenei āpitihanga heke mai ariki Meshchersky i whāpāharehia e tango i te ahi iho, mo e mahue te whānau o te emepaea ia rawa mauruuru. E tenei wa kua riro te kaituhi ngaua ake rawa oranga i te rangatira, a ki te awhina o te Karauna Prince i whakapumautia he Bastion tūturu o autocracy - te moheni "Citizen". Nā ki te vospreemnikam kaiwhakarewa pai o te makasiní, ka noho i roto i te mau haamana'oraa o te iwi. I muri i haere tonu tana iwi mahi rite Dostoevsky, Tiutchev, Mike. Na Meschersky ia nga whārangi o "Citizen" mercilessly whawhai ki te mātauranga fakamāmaní, papa rohe, i te tekau, he whaiaro kāwanatanga-kaiahuwhenua, me intelligentstvuyuschimi Hurai. "Prince o Horoma, o Komora, ko te tangata," kia rite ki Vladimir Solovyov.