Psychology existential. hinengaro Humanistic me existential

puta tohutohu Humanistic me existential i roto i te waenganui o te rau tau whakamutunga i roto i te Europe rite te hua o te whanaketanga o te whakaaro taumauri me hinengaro o te tenetere e rua whakamutunga, ina, i roto i te meka, te hua o te whāhau o taua rerenga, rite he "kaupapa o te ora" irrationalism taumauri o Nietzsche o Schopenhauer, intuitionism o Bergson, ontology taumauri Scheler, Freud ko Jung psychoanalysis me existentialism o Heidegger, Sartre ko Camus. I roto i te mau papa'iraa o Horney, Fromm, Rubinstein, i roto i o ratou whakaaro o nga ngaahi taumu'a o tenei au e taea te āta kite. Tino hohoro, hei te huarahi existential i roto i te hinengaro i tino hira i roto i Amerika Te Tai Tokerau. i tautokona e ngā māngai rongonui o te "revolution toru o" nga whakaaro. Tukutahi ki existentialism i whakaaro hinengaro o tenei wā whakawhanakehia me nāianei humanistic, faahoho'ahia e taua kaimātai hinengaro tairanga rite Rogers, Kelly, Maslow. Rua peka o te counterweight maitai kua-whakapumautia wāhanga o te pūtaiao hinengaro - Freudianism me wāhitau kē.

aronga existential-humanistic me ētahi atu ngā

Kaiwhakatū o existential-humanistic (EGP) - D. Bugental - maha whakahē wāhitau kē mo te māramatanga māmā o te tuakiri, te whakahawea mo te tangata, tona ao i roto , me te pūmanawa mo te mechanization o ngā tauira whanonga, me te hiahia ki te whakahaere i te tuakiri. whakahē behaviorists ano te huarahi humanistic mō te'oatu ariā overvalued o herekore, whakaaro reira hei ahanoa o ako whakamātautau ka tohe e reira he kahore haere noa, me ko te ture taketake o te oraraa i te faaitoitoraa-whakautu. tohe humanists runga kaihautanga, a tae noa te ati o te huarahi pērā mō ngā tangata.

Na roto i te mau pǐpǐ a Freud whai humanists ano i o ratou kerēme, ahakoa te meka e tokomaha o ratou tīmata i rite psychoanalysts. Tuarua paopao dogmatism me determinism ariā ātete fatalism huru o Freudianism, ka whakakahore te kohatu rite te parau tumu whakamārama ao. Ahakoa tenei, kia tuhia te reira e te existential hinengaro o te tuakiri , ko te tonu ki te tetahi whānuitanga rite ki te psychoanalysis.

Ko te ngako o te humanism

I te kau, i reira he kahore whakaaro e pā ana ki te tohu o te rangatiratanga o te humanism me existentialism, engari te nuinga o nga māngai o enei nekehanga hiahia ki te faaite ratou, ahakoa whakaae katoa ratou e pätahi taketake, no te mea te whakaaro taketake o ēnei wāhanga - te āhukahuka o haere noa takitahi i roto i te pai rawa me te hanga o tona oraraa. Existentialists me humanists i roto i te whakaaetanga e te mōhiotanga o te, mo faafariu reira me liliu te tangata whakatairanga i te reira ki runga ake i te hepohepo, me te takoto kau o oraraa tëtehi, heheu tona tuakiri, me te kupu hanga tikanga o ia. I roto i te tua, e kore he ariā waitara tāmau i roto i te ora i te rangatiratanga tino o te ariā humanistic, engari ki runga ki te anga ke, ko te tino wheako ringa-i runga i te turanga mo whānui pūtaiao. i titiro Experience tangata rite te uara matua me te rohe matua. Na arotake hinengaro humanistic me existential mahi rite te wae tino nui. Otiia i konei ata te rerekētanga i waenganui i tenei tikanga: hoki humanists mahi nui ngā wheako wheako tūturu, me ngā rongoā o ngā raruraru whaiaro rawa motuhake, nui atu i te whakamahi, me te whakatinanatanga o ngā tauira raupapa, me te huarahi.

huru o te taata i roto i te SE me ES

I te matua o te huarahi humanistic (GP) ko te ariā o te ngako o te natura taata, e fakatahai ona ngā me rerekē i ētahi atu wāhi o te hinengaro kanorau. E Roy Cavallo, te ngako o te natura taata, ko te ki te kia tonu i roto i te tukanga o tona hanganga. I roto i te tukanga o te riroraa i te tangata he motuhake, kaha, e taea o te whaiaro huringa-me urutaunga auaha, e arotahi ana ki whiriwhiri ā. Tupato ano te hanganga tonu o te kore o te ora o te motuhēhē, "tangata i roto i te tangata."

Kei te āhuatanga huarahi existential o hinengaro (EP) humanism, runga ake katoa, he aromatawai kounga o te ngako o te tangata, me te titiro ki te āhua o nga puna o te tukanga hanganga. E ai ki te existentialism, e kore e hoatu i te uho o te tangata tetahi pai kino ranei - ko reira te tīmatanga kūpapa. pükenga e riro ano i roto i te tukanga o te rapu i tona tuakiri ahurei. Ki te pūmanawa e rua pai, me te kino, whiriwhiri te tangata me te ko te pai rawa hoki fatongia whaiaro.

oraraa

Oraraa - oraraa. Ko tōna āhuatanga matua - te kore o te oraraa faataahia, predzadannosti e taea pā he tangata, whakatau pehea e whakawhanake te reira i roto i te heke mai. I Hātepengia faataime i te heke mai, anō te kawenga ki runga ki nga pokohiwi o etahi, te iwi, te hapori me te kāwanatanga. He tangata whakatau hoki ia - konei me inaianei. hinengaro existential whakatau te ahunga o te whanaketanga o te whiriwhiri anake takitahi e hanga ia. hinengaro Tangata-fakatefito mo te uho o te tuakiri rite te pai i homai te tīmatanga.

Tuí i roto i te tangata

Whakapono i roto i te huru taata - taketake tāutanga, e titore te huarahi humanistic ki hinengaro i te tahi atu ngā. Ki te te pūtake o Freudianism, wāhitau kē, me te nuinga o nga ariā o kaimātai hinengaro Soviet nui he ti'aturi ore i roto i te huru, te aronga existential i hinengaro, i runga i te anga ke, whakaaro te tangata i te tirohanga o te whakapono i roto ia ia. I roto i te Freudianism puāwaitanga tuatahi āhua kino o te takitahi, te whakaaro o te mana ki runga ki taua mea - te ako me te utu. arotakea Bihevioristy natula tangata, me te pānga kūpapa reira na roto i te hanga me te ako. kite humanists te natula tangata taua ranei noa'tu pai, me te kite i te whakaaro o awe te awhina i roto i te wawata o te tangata (Maslow, Rogers), ranei mauruuru te āhua whaiaro rite te Manatü-pai, me te whakaaro matua o te pānga hinengaro o te kitenga tokoni i te kōwhiri i te (hinengaro existential me Frankl Bugental). Ko te kupu, ko te pūtake o tana Institute whakaako o te hinengaro existential e te ariā o takitahi kōwhiringa ora tangata. kite tuakiri te rite ere kūpapa.

Ko te raruraru o te hinengaro existential

whakanohoia te pūtake o te huarahi humanistic te ariā o te uara ka mohio e he tangata "whiriwhiri hoki ia", tuku i te take matua o te ora. hinengaro existential o te tangata e whakaatu ana i te tuatahi o te oraraa tangata i roto i te ao. He takitahi i whanau tonu pāhekoheko ki te ao, me te kitea e i roto ia ia te tikanga o tona oraraa. Kei roto i te ao e rua tuma me kē pai, me ngā whai wāhitanga iwi e taea te whiriwhiri. Ngā pāhekoheko ki te ao e mahi ai i roto i te tangata te taketake existential raruraru, ahotea me te manukanuka, te kore ki te akakoromaki e arata'i ki te tāne i roto i te hinengaro o te tangata takitahi. Nga raruraru rerekē, engari schematically taea te heke reira ki wha matua "kōpuku" o te körero, i roto i te mea e tika ana te tukanga o te whanaketanga o te tangata ki te hanga i te whiriwhiri.

Time, te ora me te mate

Mate - te ngāwari tino ki ite, no te mea te ao tūturu mooni tino kitea. whakakī Awareness o mate haamouraa tangata ki te wehi. Ko te hiahia ki te ora me te mōhiotanga tukutahi o te oraraa o te wā - te pakanga matua, e tuatapapa i te hinengaro existential.

Determinism, herekore, fatongia

Ko rangirua hoki māramatanga o te haere noa i roto i te existentialism. I runga i te ringa kotahi, e whangai ana i te tangata ki te kore o te hanganga waho, i runga i te tahi atu - he wehi o tona ngaro. I muri i te katoa, te tīariari i roto i te whakaritea, whakarongo ki te mahere ao waho māmā. Ko, i te tahi atu te ringa, vili hinengaro existential e hangaia e te tangata tana ao ake, me he tino kawenga hoki reira. Awareness o te kore o ngā tātauira rite, me te hanganga E faatupu te wehi.

Kōrero, te aroha me te mo'emo'e

I te ngakau o te matauranga anake ko te ariā o te taratahi existential, arā, wehe i te ao, me te hapori. mai te tangata ki te ao anake, a kia rite ki rau reira. Ko te pakanga i hanga e te mōhiotanga o ratou ake mo'emo'e, i runga i te ringa kotahi, me te hiahia te tangata mo te kōrero, tiaki, no ki te tahi mea rahi - i runga i te tahi atu.

Uhinga me tikanga o te ora

Ko te raruraru o te kore o te tikanga i roto i te ora mai i te kōpuku tuatahi e toru. I runga i te ringa kotahi, he i roto i te mōhiotanga tonu o te tangata ia hangaia e tona tikanga ake, i runga i te tahi atu - he mōhio o tona wehe, te mokemoke me te mate haamouraa.

Motuhēhē me conformism. waina

Kaimātai hinengaro, humanists, e hāngai ana i runga i te parau tumu o te whiriwhiri whaiaro, te wehewehe i rua te körero matua - motuhēhē me te conformism. I roto i whakaatu i te tangata tirohanga tūturu ratou mau huru whaiaro ahurei, kite ia rite te tangata ko wai e ahei ana ki te whakaawe hapori me ratou ake wheako i roto i te whakatau-hanga, no te mea i hanga hapori e kōwhiringa i hanga e te mau taata, na reira, ka taea e rerekē rite te hua o to ratou mau tautooraa. āhua Motuhēhē āhuatanga e ā takotoranga, auaha, te au, finesse, te itoito, me te aroha.

Te tangata, Heoi, waho hāngai, kore he te itoito ki te kawe i ngā kawenga mo o ratou ake kōwhiringa, whiriwhiri te ara o fai, tautuhi iho anake ki te tū o ngā tūranga pāpori. Acting i runga i hauhake tātauira tūmatanui, kei te whakaaro te tangata taua stereotypically, taea kore me e kore e hiahia ana ki te whakaae i tana whiriwhiri me ki hoatu a ia he aromatawai ā-roto. titiro Conformist ki te mua, falala ki tauira rite-hanga, ai kua ia he kore o te whakawhirinaki me te tikanga o te Periara. He he he haaputuputuraa o hara ontological.

huarahi e hāngai ana Uara-ki te tangata, me te whakapono i roto i te tangata o tona kaha e āhei ki a ia te tūhura atu hohonu. I te aronga heuristic itehia e te aroaro o te momo o koki i roto i reira. Ko te matua o ratou - te existential, existential-tātari tuku iho , me te humanistic hinengaro existential. te huna hoki ano Mei ko Schneider huarahi existential-integrative. I tua atu, i reira he huarahi pēnei i therapy dialogical Friedman me Logotherapy Frankl.

Ahakoa te maha o ngā rerekētanga ariā, tuakiri-fakatefito rere humanistic me existential o te mana i roto i te pono o te tangata. He painga nui o enei ngā Ko e kore ratou e rapu ki "faaohie" te tangata, hoatu ai raruraru faufaa tino i roto i te pokapū o tona aro, e kore hatepea atu nga take uaua o te tautukunga o te tangata i roto i te ao, me tona natula roto. Fakatokanga'i e e pā hapori te hanganga o te tuakiri me tona oraraa i roto i reira, kei te āta hono hinengaro existential ki te hītori, akoranga ahurea, pāpori, rapunga whakaaro, hinengaro pāpori, me te te manga mārama, me te fafau o te pūtaiao hou e pā ana ki te tangata.