Pugachev whiu i runga i Bolotnaya Square: te rā. Emelyan Ivanovich Pugachov i hītori

Emelyan Ivanovich Pugachev ko he Don Cossack, e haere ki raro i roto i te aamu rite te rangatira o nga peasants 'War, i tangohia e wahi i roto i Russia i 1773 ki te 1775. ka mau ia painga o te tangata e haere atu i hau tamau e te Emepara Pita III, whakapae ora, engari hetia turakina e Catherine II me tona aroha Grigori Orlov. ko Pugachev te angitu tino o nga hunga maminga katoa araunga rite piriniha.

Mahere rangatira tutu

I roto i te whawhai i tangohia e wahi i roto i Solenikovoy rōpū i te mutunga o August 1774, i patua nga hunga tutu. oho nga toenga o ratou ope i roto i te ahunga tonga haere te Täingäwai. I roto i te ahiahi i runga i August 25, i mua i te taenga o te Yar Black, whakahaere ratou ki te whakawhiti i te tuatahi i te pareparenga matau o te awa ki runga ki tetahi o nga motu, a ka ki ia i te taha ki te ritenga atu. arahina Pugachev nga toenga o ona ope ki te rawhiti, whiti te Akhtuba awa, i runga i te taha maui o i karanga a mo te hui. I whakaritea e te reira i runga i te mahi atu.

patua ana te rangatira o nga tutu e rave rahi ururua kōwhiringa. Ko te tuatahi o ratou - mai iho te Täingäwai me putanga ki te Moana o Kapiana, a ka i roto i te haere taiawhio ratou ki te tiki ki Ukraine, ka uru atu nga Cossacks Zaporozhye. He whakatinanatanga tuarua mo i roto i te rere Bashkiriya Siberia ranei.

tinihanga

Heoi, te whakamahere ara mawhiti, Emelyan Ivanovich Pugachev i kore ite e i tenei wa i muri ia wahi pakeke, i whai wāhi te kānara Cossack, faaoti ki tuku ia. faaoti ana hoa tata ki te hoatu i te reira ki te mana, me i roto i te hoki riro hoki ia ia he murua i te kāwanatanga.

ka mau te whakatakotoria ana wahi FF Chumakov, IP Fedulev, I. A. Tvorogov me e pā ana ki e rua tekau mā Yaik mua. Ratou e kore tino e whakaae ki tetahi o nga mahere Pugachev, a hoatu atu te counter-tono ki te haere i roto i te ahunga o Uteneheraha. Ki te mahi i tenei, whiriwhiria ana e ratou te ara o te Takiwa, me i Mahuru 8, tae ki te scene. Ka mau te kau, ka puta mai te ope matua o mua i roto i te tawhiti, ka hinga i te he ki runga ki Pugachev. I te ara ki te pa Yaik ia rua tamata ki mawhiti, engari ki te kahore he pai. eke Chumakov me te tīhi, mua, fehangahangai ki te rōpū rapu, i whakahaua e te keneturio Harchev. kawea mai e ia i roto i te pa Yaitsky tutu.

Na i mau ahau Emelyan Pugachev. Peasants 'War, arahina e tenei tangata faahiahia, hohoro oti, Heoi, Suvorov ko Panin roa i ara tika i roto i nga kawanatanga raruraru, whakanoho ratou kaha mua.

hua

Ko te uiui tuatahi Emelyana Pugacheva ka whakanuia i runga i Mahuru 15 i roto i te pa Yaik. Te tūhuratanga arahina Mavrin ka kitea te mea tuatahi ia i nga kōrero katoa o te haurongo o te detainee. I muri mai i roto i tona pūrongo ki Meiha-Tianara Potemkin, tuhituhi ia e ata takoto, ka waiho e Pugachev. I muri tae e toru nga ra o te uiui tangata tinihanga me Rūtene-Tianara Suvorov, e arahina fakatāutaha te uiui. I muri i taua, i mauria ki Simbirsk te hopukina. Hei kawe i whakaputaina reira he whare herehere iti motuhake eke i runga i te kata e rua-moana.

I roto i te Simbirsk i 2 ki te 6 o Oketopa Pugacheva ui kore anake, engari ano ki te tono i roto i te faatura o tona fakamamahi'i. I ia ki whakahīrau ia ko ona hoa. tonoa Oketopa 26 Pugachev ki Moscow i raro i taimaha kaitiaki. I te taenga ki roto ki te pane, i puritia e ia i roto i te basement o te whare, i noho te Mint. Āpiti atu ki a ia tangohia i me te tahi atu kaiuru i roto i te ngangaretanga. I te Hakihea 30, te wātū tuatahi o te marae, i tangohia e wahi i roto i te torona Hall o te Kremlin. kawea mai te ra i muri mai i konei, a Pugachev, ko wai i runga i ona turi, ka whakahoki pātai, me ka rongo te whakawa. Ko te kupu pakeke: te hauwhā tuatahi hara, hatepea atu tona upoko, a ka wahi razvezut o te tinana i roto i ngā wāhanga rerekē o te pa, me te tahu.

faaineineraa whakamutunga

whakaritea Rā o mahi o Pugachev i runga i Hānuere 10, 1775. I roto i te ata ki a ia i roto i te whare herehere, kia te tohunga o te archpriest Kazan Cathedral Theodore, i whiua ki te Communion mate. I muri i taua, kawea te tira ki te iari tutu faaiti ka noho ia i roto i tona he salioté. Āpiti atu ki haere ia tokorua tohunga, e tohe ia ki te ripeneta mo ona mahi me te ara.

Tenei hui tino rite Pugacheva utu, hanga he tokomaha nui o te iwi kohikohi i runga i Bolotnaya Square i mua ata. he tautäwhi hoki i cordoned ano atu e waeine pirihimana i roto i mua, a kua tonoa ki a ratou i roto i te tautoko o Tuhinga hoia. Ratou whakauaua tutakina te pēhanga whakaponohia o te mano tangata. Te iwi ki tonu kihai anake te wāhi katoa, engari ano hoki nga huarahi rohe. he iwi ara i runga i nga tuanui o nga whare tata me hahi.

Whanonga i te mahia o Pugachev

A, no te haere i te string o patu ki te tira raa piriti, tu Pugachev ki runga, ka anga ka ki koropiko iho i roto i ngā tohutohu katoa. Na ka mea ia poroporoaki ki te iwi. oho Sani herehere ki te rohe, ka mutu tata te turanga. Emelyana Pugacheva ki Afanasiem Perfilevym kawea ki te pūhara. Muri ratou ka whakatika i te torutoru tohunga, bailiffs, unaka me kaitiaki.

ka anga ratou ki te pānui i te whakawa, i roto i nei i iriiria i te tutu matua i te wa ki te wa, me te fakalongolongo ka mea te inoi. I muri i taua, manaakitia te tohunga te tangata tukua ki te mate, a ka mea he torutoru he kupu whakamarie. ka tukua Pugachev tona kupu whakamutunga timata ki te kupu: "Kia maria ki ahau, iwi Siu ..." ka ka patu ia i taua wa prostrations me te rohirohi ore iriiria, ka tahuri tona whakarongo ki te cathedrals Kremlin.

Kua wherahia kaua hohoro ngā muri. timata te mahia o Pugachev ki te meka i ara te riria i te mekameka, ka haea nga kakahu, me te meneti i muri i tona matenga toto i te huruhuru puritia i roto i ona ringa i te kaitiaki.

pūmahara o kanohi

Pehe me fabulist o te wā Ivan Ivanovich Dmitriev, rite te nuinga o te rangatira Moscow, kihai i matara atu i te turanga, a taea kite nga kōrero katoa o te āhua o te mahi o Pugachev. Ahakoa te meka e i te ingoa rite te tahae paoro te rangatira tutu, he kaituhi i roto i tona mata e kore ahau i kite i tetahi mea nanakia nanakia ranei. whakaahuatia e ia ia kia rite ki te tangata noa i roto i ona tekau, o te teitei reo, ki te akiākinga pouri me te pahau oka. Waho, he mea tino tetahi mea rite Emperor Pita III, a ko reira whakamiharo pehea iwi i taea te tango i tetahi mo te tahi atu.

Ko tētahi atu ite mata o aua ngā, kaiputaiao, kaituhi me te philosopho, Andrey Timofeevich Bolotov, kite he ine ke i roto i te tukanga mahi. E ai ki te whakawa, quartered Emelyana Pugacheva i t. E., Tuatahi hatepea atu nga ringa me nga waewae, a ka anake ki te tapahia tona matenga. Heoi, i te kaitiaki te ritenga. Tumuaki o Arkharov Pirihimana i roto i nui whakama, a kanga kaitiaki mo taua tirotiro. Ka rite ki te hua, i tapahia ana ringa me waewae atu tangata mau i muri i tona matenga.

Grace Katherine II

Ko tenei he kaitiaki tirotiro tupurangi, ranei ahakoa i ia te reira āta? Tenei tuhituhi A. S. Pushkin i tona pukapuka "History o te tutu Pugachev". Here tuku te pehe ki te reta i te kingi ki te rangatira Volkonsky, i mahi ki te meka e kore e reira tukua te tangata ki te mahi kaimahi kurua noa. Na reira, i mua i te mahi i ki te tango i te wahi Pugacheva Ekaterina whakapae waha tuku i roto i te tino o Pirihimana Arkharova ngaro whakaakona te kaitiaki ki reira te tuatahi hatepea atu upoko Emelyan Pugachev o, a anake ka quartered. He meka ngā ko e te Empress mahara tino riria ki te whakahua i te reira ki hea atu.

E kore te mea mohiotia ranei reira mau ko te tohu o Catherine II, engari neke atu i te te quartering mōhiohio i whakahaere i roto i Russian. I tua atu, ko te whakamutunga ano hoki te mahia tūmatanui o Pugachev i te rohe Swamp. E ai ki te whakawa, i ripekatia tona matenga, ka hoatu ki runga ki te whakaatu tūmatanui, a kua ora wahi tinana wehea ki ngā wāhanga rerekē o te pa, a tahuna te ra i muri.

Hua o te peasants 'War

Heoi mutu te maunu, kotahi whakaarahia e te ringa o mua recalcitrant, i ahu nei e Emelyan Pugachev. I roto i te aamu o tenei kaiahuwhenua Russian mahue War te wahi hohonu, kia rite kua pāngia te nuinga o te whenua, he heka i Siberia ki Moscow me i te Kuban ki Murom.

I muri i te otinga o te tutu Pugachev i te tikanga o Empress Catherine II i hanga tūmatanui he Faaiteraa, i kī e kia hoatu te maunu ki "te warewaretanga tonu." A i roto i te tikanga ki te whakakore noa te mahara iti o tenei wā toto, i whakahaua e ia ki te whakaingoa Yaitsky pa whakakeke i Uralsk.