Pūhui Matatini. Whakamārama, whakarōpū

Hei hoatu i nui atu iti iho pau ranei whakamāramatanga o te mea ko te pūhui matatini, he matū hou ki te whakawhirinaki i runga i nga tikanga taketake o te ariā te ruruku, i whakaarohia e A. Werner hoki i roto i 1893. Ko te matatini o te take takoto i roto i te kanorau, me te tini o nga pūhui matū tino kanorau hinga te whakamāramatanga o te matatini.

I roto i te whānui, i te pūhui matatini - he taonga matū, he wahi o te mea he raupapa o matūriki matatini. Noa nei, kua kahore whakamāramatanga tino o "matūriki matatini" pūtaiao. whakamahia pinepine te whakamāramatanga e whai ake: mahino he matūriki matatini korakora matatini i te mea nehenehe o te tīariari takitahi i roto i te karaihe, me te i roto i te otinga. Kei te tito te reira o te tahi atu matūriki pūmotu, i roto i te tahuri i te kaha ki te tīariari takitahi. Hoki maha te whakamāramatanga o matūriki matatini hinga matūriki matū matatini i roto i nei e katoa wahi o te hononga ranei i hanga i runga i te parau tumu kaituku-acceptor.

He āhuatanga noa, e riro te pūhui matatini katoa ko te aroaro i roto i to ratou hanganga o te ngota pokapū, riro te ingoa "complexing kaihoko". Homai te kanorau e enei pūhui whai ki te kōrero e pā ana ki ētahi āhuatanga whānui o tenei huānga e kore te mea e tika ana. E mea pinepine te kaihoko complexing ko te ngota hanga whakarewa. Otiia e kore e te mea he āhuatanga tino tenei: i reira he pūhui matatini i roto i nei te ngota pokapū ko te ngota o te hāora, whanariki, hauota, iodine me ētahi atu āhuatanga e tohu nonmetals kanapa. Korero o te māngai tiaki complexing, e taea te mea te reira e te nuinga o te reira he pai, me te i roto i te tuhinga pūtaiao i huaina pokapū whakarewa, engari i reira he tauira i reira te ngota pokapū, me te whai i te tiaki tōraro, a tae noa te kore.

Nä, te ngota taratahi rōpū ranei tīpakohia ngota e kua kei huri noa te kaihoko complexing, tuku ki rite ligands. kia matūriki i te aroaro o te urunga ki te pūhui matatini ko te rāpoi ngota, hei tauira tenei, te wai (H2O), te waro haukura (CO), hauota (NH3), me te tini ke atu, e taea hoki e te reira tīhiko OH-, PO43-, Cl-, hauwai te + te māraa H ranei.

He ngana ki te whakarōpū i te pūhui matatini rite ki momo tiaki matatini wehe enei pūhui matū ki complexes cationic e kua hanga e huri noa i te rāpoi kūpapa katote pai i ako. E hoki complexes anionic wātea ana, i roto i nei te complexant ko te ngota ki te pai āhua piti hāora. ngota tīhiko Simple me matatini he ligands. Ka taea te tawhiti tētahi rōpū motuhake complexes kūpapa. Ratou hanganga puta i ruruku a tawhio ngota rāpoi kūpapa. i roto i tēnei kāwai o pūhui matatini hoki ngā pūhui i hanga e te ruruku tukutahi huri noa te katote pai whakatupato me rāpoi ngota me ngā katote tōraro i ako.

Ki te whakaaro koe te maha o ngā tūru puritia e te ligands pera-ka karanga i roto i te ao te ruruku, he reira takoto monodentate, bidentantye me polydentate ligands.

Te faaineineraa o te pūhui matatini i roto i ngā huarahi rerekē taea whakarōpū i āhua o te ligand. I roto ia ratou te wehewehe i ammines, i roto i nei e faahoho'ahia te ligands e rāpoi haukini, complexes aqua te wahi te ligands he wai, carbonyls - mahi waro haukura rite te ligand. I tua atu i te tīariari acidocomplexes i roto i nei i te ngota pokapū karapotia e te toenga waikawa. Ki te te karapotia ia e ngā katote waihā, tuku nga pūhui ki hydroxycomplexes.

pūhui Complex whai wāhi nui i roto i te natura. Taea kahore ratou mahi faufaa o kaiao ora. Ano, ko te whakamahi o pūhui matatini i roto i te mahi a te tangata ka taea ngā mahi ahumahi matatini.

matū tātari, te tangohanga o te konganuku i tokahuke, hiko, hanga o peita me varnishes - te reira noa te rārangi poto o ahumahi e kua whakamahia matū matatini.