Fundamentals o pararopi Matū. tohu piti hāora

Ko te āhua pitihāoratanga - tenei makatuunga ngota tiaki huānga i roto i te rāpoi ngota. Ko taketake i roto i te matū pararopi tenei ariā, kahore tona matauranga e kore e taea ki te whakaaro i te tukanga o tauhohe pitihāoratanga, momo o ngā hononga i roto i te rāpoi ngota, te matū me te āhuatanga tinana o te huānga. I roto i te tikanga ki te matau te mea ko te tohu o te piti hāora ko te tuatahi e tika ana ki te matau te mea te tikanga ngota iho a āhua o te mahi i te reira ia rātou e taunekeneke ana ki ō rātou hoa.

Ka rite ki mohiotia te, ngā te ngota o ngā iraoho, ngā iramoe me ngā irahiko. Ko te iraoho me ngā irahiko, ka karanga hoki irakarihi, puka pai whakatupato karihi irahiko kino huri tōu reira. whärite te tiaki pai karihi te kino whānui tiaki o te irahiko. Nō reira, ko te ngota kūpapa.

Ia irahiko e te tetahi taumata pūngao, e whakatau i te taairaa piri o tona wāhi ki te matua: te ofi ange ki te matua - iti te pūngao. E whakaritea ana ratou i roto i papa. Ko te irahiko o te paparanga kotahi i nui te puka taua supply pūngao me te pūngao taumata paparanga hiko ranei. Ko te irahiko i roto i te waho taumata pūngao e kore te kaha rawa herea ki te karihi, kia ratou e taea whai wāhi i roto i te tauhohe matū. Huānga he waho i tetahi ki te wha irahiko i roto i tauhohe matū, te tikanga koha irahiko, me te hunga e whai rima ki te whitu irahiko - tangohia.

He hoki ngā āhuatanga matū ka karanga hau e mangere, i roto i nei te taumata pūngao waho ngā waru irahiko - te nui taea mōrahi. Ratou e kore i whakaritea e tomo ki tauhohe matū. Na, whāinga tetahi ngota ki "tāpiritanga" ratou apa irahiko waho ki te waru irahiko e hiahiatia ana. Hea ki te tiki i te ngaro? I roto i te tahi atu ngota. I roto i te tukanga o matū huānga tauhohe ki electronegativity rahi "mauria ake" irahiko i roto i te huānga ki te electronegativity raro. Tei Electronegativity huānga matū i runga i te maha o ngā irahiko i roto i te taumata honohono, me te kaha o to ratou attraction ki te karihi. He huānga, tangohia ake nga irahiko, nui ake i te tiaki pai o te nucleus te tiaki kino whānui, i te koha irahiko - hurihia. Hei tauira, i roto i te pūhui o te whanariki waikura SO hāora he electronegativity nui, te whanariki e te 2 irahiko me riro ia ia he ako tōraro, i te whanariki noho i waho e rua irahiko whiwhi te tiaki pai. I roto i tenei take, te tohu o te piti hāora o te hāora rite ki te tohu o te whanariki piti hāora, tangohia ki te tohu ritenga. Ko te āhua hāora Kua oti te tuhituhi i roto i te kokonga matau runga o te huānga matū. I roto i tenei tauira, e whai ake: S ⁺² e ^-2.

Ko tino taurite te tauira i runga ake. I roto i te meka, te irahiko waho o tetahi ngota e kore rawa whakawhiti ki te atu, riro ratou he "noa", reira, kei atu tohua i roto i te pukapuka tonu iti te tohu o hāora o te huānga.

Ko ki te faaohie mahue te māramatanga o nga tukanga matū o tenei meka te.