Rauemi pūtaiao me te hangarau o ngā rauemi. Hangarau o ngā rauemi hanga

Specialty "Materials Pūtaiao me te Hangarau o Materials" Ko tetahi o nga pekanga tino nui mo tata katoa ngā ākonga o te engineering. Hanganga o ngā whanaketanga hou e taea te whakataetae i roto i te mākete o te ao, a e kore e taea ki te kawe i roto i te ite ore i tino o te tumu parau.

A tuatapapa i te whānuitanga o ngā tūmomo rauemi raw me ngā āhuatanga o ngā rauemi whai wāhi i roto i te akoranga. āhuatanga Various o te rauemi e whakamahia ana whakatau i te whānuitanga o ratou te whakamahi i roto i te toi. Ko te hanganga ā-o te whakarewa hiato ranei koranu he pānga hāngai ki runga i te kounga hua.

āhuatanga matua

Rauemi pūtaiao me te hangarau o ngā rauemi hanganga mea nga āhuatanga tino nui wha o tetahi whakarewa koranu ranei. Ko te tuatahi ko te āhuatanga tinana, me te pūkaha e matapae kounga whakahaere, me te hangarau o ngā hua heke mai. āhuatanga aunoa Basic konei he kaha - i te reira tika pānga te indestructibility o te hua oti i raro i te mana o āna mahi. Ko te parau haapiiraa o te whakangaromanga, me te kaha, ko tetahi o nga wae nui o te akoranga taketake "Materials Pūtaiao me Materials Technology". Tenei pūtaiao Ko te pūtake ariā mō te te kimi alloys hanganga e hāngai ana, me ngā wāhanga hoki te hanga o ngā wāhanga ki te āhuatanga kaha e hiahiatia ana. āhuatanga hangarau me te whakahaere tukua ki matapae i te whanonga o te hua oti i nga pikaunga whakahaere me te tino, tātai te kaha hopea, ki te aromatawai i te mauroa o te huarahi katoa.

rauemi hāngai

Neke atu i te nga senituli whakamutunga, te rauemi taketake mō te whakaputa i te mīhini, ko te whakarewa. Na reira ako "Materials" utu aro nui ki te pūtaiao whakarewa - te pūtaiao o te konganuku me ratou alloys. He whai nui ki tona whanaketanga i hanga e te pūtaiao Soviet: Anosov P. P., Kurnakov NS, Chernov D. K. me ētahi atu.

Materials Whāinga

Fundamentals o Materials hiahiatia mo te ako o Engineers heke mai. I muri i te katoa, te whakaaro matua o te whakaurua o tenei ako i roto i te akoranga whakangungu ko ki te whakangungu ngā ākonga engineering ki te hanga i te pai rawa matau o te rauemi mō ngā hua hangaia ki te whakawhānui i te wā o to ratou mahi.

Whakatutuki i tēnei whāinga ka āwhina i Engineers heke mai ki te whakaoti i te raruraru e whai ake nei:

• arotake tika i nga āhuatanga hangarau o te rauemi mā te tātari i te tikanga o hanga o te hua, me te ratonga te ora.
• Kua pai-i hanga māramatanga pūtaiao o te taea tūturu o te whakapai ake i tetahi āhuatanga whakarewa koranu ranei e te huri tona hanganga.
• Hei mohio e pā ana ki nga ara katoa o te whakapakari i ngā rauemi e taea te whakarite i te pikinga, me te mahi o mea me ngā hua.
• Kua whakanekehanga mōhiotanga o ngā rōpū matua o ngā rauemi e whakamahia ana, te āhuatanga o enei rōpū, me o te tono.

mōhiotanga e hiahiatia ana

Ko te akoranga "Materials Pūtaiao me te Hangarau o rauemi hanganga" Kei te hangaia mo te hunga ākonga e mahino kua a taea te whakamārama i te hiranga o ngā āhuatanga pērā i te ngaohiko, kawenga, kirihou me te deformation rapa āhua o mea, nga ngota o te hanganga karaihe o konganuku, momo o here matū, te āhuatanga ōkiko taketake konganuku. I roto i te ako, riro ākonga whakangungu taketake e ka hiahia ratou ki te wikitoria i te raupapa kōtaha. tirohia akoranga pakeke ngā tukanga whakaputa me hangarau, i roto i nei te wāhi nui takaro e rauemi pūtaiao me te hangarau rauemi.

Wai ki te mahi?

Knowledge o nga āhuatanga hanganga me ngā o konganuku me alloys whai hua tikanga, Engineers ranei kaihoahoa mahi i roto i te mara o te mahi o te machinery hou. Tohunga i roto i te mara o te hangarau rauemi hou e taea kitea ratou wahi o te mahi i roto i te engineering, automotive, Aerospace, pūngao, ahumahi wāhi. Maoro, i reira ko te kaimahi o ngā tohunga ki te tītohu o "rauemi pūtaiao me te hangarau o ngā rauemi" i roto i te ahumahi korero me i te whanaketanga o te tikanga o te kōrero.

whanaketanga o Materials

Ka rite ki te ako, ko te rauemi he tauira o te pūtaiao ka whakamahia angamaheni, e whakamārama te hanganga, te hanganga, me ngā āhuatanga o ngā konganuku rerekē me alloys ona i raro i ngā āhuatanga rerekē.

Ko te kaha ki te whakaputa i konganuku me alloys ki te whakaputa i te tangata rerekē riro i roto i te wā o te roha o te hapori i tahito ra. Engari kia rite ki te motuhake rauemi pūtaiao pūtaiao me te hangarau o ngā rauemi ka anga ki te kia ako i te iti ake atu i te 200 matahiti i teie nei. Ko te timatanga o te rau tau 18 - te wā o te āhuatanga o te French kaipūtaiao-pūtaiao Reaumur, e tamata tuatahi ki te ako i te hanganga ā-o te whakarewa. rangahau e rite kaihanga English Grignon ki whakakitea a ratou he hanganga hanga tīwae, i hanga nei e te solidification o rino whakahaeretia, i te 1775, ki te tuhituhi i te karere poto.

I roto i te Russian Empire, mahi pūtaiao te tuatahi i roto i te mara o te whakarewa no M. V. Lomonosovu, e, tamata i roto i tona aratohu ki te whakamārama poto te āhua o ngā tukanga metallurgical.

He metallurgy nui tupeke whakamua i hanga i roto i te tīmatanga o te rau tau 19, ka oti whakawhanakehia tikanga rangahau hou o ngā rauemi kua. I roto i te 1831, whakakitea te mahi a P. P. Anosova te taea ki te tūhura i te konganuku i raro i te karu. I muri iho, e rave rahi pūtaiao i te maha whenua panoni hanganga kua pūtaiao kï ki konganuku ka tautauā tonu.

A rau tau i muri mai kua mutu te wā o whārahi optical ki te tīariari. Hangarau o ngā rauemi hanganga kore i taea e whakahura i ngā āhuatanga hou, mā te whakamahi i ngā tikanga tawhito. I roto i te wahi o te taputapu hiko ko reira tuku kōrero. metallurgy tinana i ki huihui ki tikanga hiko o mātakitaki, i roto i ngā, iramoe ttara me te irahiko ttara. Ki enei hangarau hou kia nui ngā wāhanga o te konganuku me alloys ki runga ki te 1000 nga wa, e te tikanga e te papa whenua mō whakatau pūtaiao riro nui atu.

mōhiohio ariā e pā ana ki te hanganga o ngā rauemi

I roto i te tukanga o ako te ako, riro ākonga ariā e pā ana ki te hanganga ā-o konganuku me alloys. I muri whakaoti kia whiwhi nga pūkenga e whai ake nei i tenei ākonga akoranga:

• o te ā- hanganga, tioata o konganuku ;
• te anisotropy me isotropy. He aha meinga enei āhuatanga, me pehea e taea te ratou pāngia;
• hē hanganga o konganuku rerekē me alloys;
• nga tikanga o te tūhuratanga o te hanganga ā-o te rauemi.

haapiiraa Practical i runga i Materials ako

E wātea ana i roto i ia kāreti hangarau Materials Chair. I roto i te wahi o te akoranga i homai, kei te ako i te ākonga te tikanga e whai ake nei:

• Fundamentals o Metallurgy - hītori me tikanga hou o te whakaputa alloys whakarewa. Ko te hanga o te parahi, me te rino i roto i te oumu hau hou. Ko te whakaitinga o te parahi, me te rino, tikanga o te whakapai ake i te kounga o ngā hua maitai. Whakarōpū me te tapa maitai, ona āhuatanga hangarau me te tinana. Smelting konganuku ferrous me ratou alloys, konumohe, parahi, Titanium, me ētahi atu konganuku nonferrous. Hoatu ki tenei taputapu.

• Rauemi Bases ngā ako o faaiopoiporaa production, hou ona huru, whānui flowsheets whiwhi castings.
• Ko te ariā o te deformation kirihou, te rerekētanga i waenganui i deformation matao, me te wera, kei te whakapakeke e, te faufaa o te rikarika ki wera, tikanga rikarika ki matao, rauemi ngā takahi tono.
• Rikarika ki: te āhua o te tukanga me te ngā mahi taketake. He aha te mea te hanga o okeoke mira, a kei hea te whakamahia ai, he aha te taputapu e hiahiatia ana te mo te reti, me te tuhi. Me pēhea te ki te tiki oti hua i runga i enei hangarau, me te wahi e whakamahia ai.
• Kakano ia production, ona āhuatanga whānui me opuaraa o te whanaketanga, whakarōpū o kakano ia rauemi rerekē. tukanga Physico-matū mo nga mekameka production.
• rauemi Composite. Kirihou. Methods mō te whiwhi āhuatanga noa. Methods mahi ki ngā rauemi hiato. tono Outlook.

whanaketanga Modern o ngā rauemi

I roto i nga tau tata nei, kua riro rauemi pūtaiao he hiringa kaha ki te whanaketanga. Kua takoha te hiahia mō ngā rauemi hou kaipūtaiao ki te whakaaro e pā ana ki te whiwhi i te konganuku parakore me ultra-parakore, kei te mahi i runga i te hanganga o ngā rauemi mata mo tuatahi he mahi kua tatauria. tuku hangarau rauemi hanga Modern te whakamahi o ngā rauemi hou ki te whakakapi whakarewa tikanga. utua whakarongo atu te ki te whakamahi o kirihou, okouku, rauemi hiato, e ko te tawhā o te kaha, hototahi ki te pūmārō, engari kahore o te drawbacks.