Rerewai whakamuri - he taurangi o te wai ma

He tokomaha e hiahia i roto i te taua ingoa ke te āhuatanga "rerewai whakamuri". ahu te reira i i te kupu Kariki mo te pēhanga pana ranei. E pā ana te reira ki te tukanga māhorahora o whakawhiti papatipu, te tikanga wai, i roto i te membrane - he membrane semipermeable e wehe rua rongoā he kukū nui. Tenei Kia hei tauira kia he otinga saline me te wai parakore.

hangarau

A, no te te membrane, te wai e rere ki te taonga atu takiwa, e poraka te ara o te huānga rewa, ka i etahi wāhi, puta he toenga anake. ka karanga Pressure, hāngai ki tetahi taha o te arai, kei te osmotic. whakamahia ana tēnei āhuatanga te mai te hitu o te rau tau whakamutunga mo te maimoatanga o te wai, ina koa i roto i te hanga o inu i te moana.

I reira, he pea rerewai whakamuri te hangarau tino matatau. Kei te hāngai te reira i runga i te whakamahi o te taua ingoa i te membrane. Kei te whakapono te reira e ko te reira e taea ki te pure wai i tetahi poke tūturu wātea ana.

Ko te hītori o te takanga

rerewai whakamuri, rite te tukanga o te wehe wae otinga i ia atu, kua he hītori tika roa. Kariki onamata, ngā i kitea Aristotle e i roto i te wahi o te vairaa pape i roto i nga taiepa oko o te ware pi desalted te.

Ako o tukanga membrane i roto i te taipitopito ake anake timata i roto i te tīmatanga o te rau tau tekau ma waru, ka te Reaumur mō ngā take pūtaiao whakamahia i membrane semipermeable tūturu. Heoi, tae noa ki nga pia ma o rau whakamutunga, enei tukanga e kore whakawhānui tua atu i te whakamātautau taiwhanga.

I roto i te 1927, i tuatahi whiwhi te German u "tūturi" tauira o horihori aukati āhua-permeable. whanaketanga hangarau ko te whanaketanga ki te mea kei te whakamahia i roto i ngā tātari rerewai whakamuri i roto i te ahumahi, me te kāinga.

I muri i te whawhai, Ameliká, Tiamana, e hāngai ana i runga i ngā whanaketanga, ka anga ki te whakaputa i kiriuhi cellulosic. Ko anake i roto i te mutunga o nga Heoi, ka timata te reira ki te horapa i te hanga o ngā rauemi waihanga, ka anga ki te whakahaere i te rangahau tuatahi me te whanaketanga, i meinga te turanga o te ahumahi tono rerewai.

Kei te inaianei lahi whakapumautia te reira e whakaratohia taua pūnaha tuku i te wai inu ki te tohu mōrahi o purenga. whiwhi Ko tōna hanganga kei i te putanga o te pūnaha "rerewai whakamuri" whakaaro te taiao. E ai ki ona āhuatanga, he reira tata ki te kōpaka onamata rewa te wai.

tono

Tātari mō te wai - whakataka rerewai - te hono ki te mains wai, i nei te tikanga mai mo te wai horoi, i mahue e tīpakohia te poke ki te poka. Kei roto te tukanga pretreatment o mahi, me te whakawhānui i roto i te membrane. I muri i taua, ko te rere, whiwhi tuatahi i roto i te puku, e haere nei ki te wai te pure, he kua i roto i te horoi whakamutunga, a ka - i roto i te tap.

Tātari Osmosis whakamuri ko inaianei te tikanga tino utu-whai hua, pūkenga, me te pono. āhei te reira ki a koe te whakaiti i te kukū o rewa a colloidal wāhanga memeha ko tata kotahi rau ōrau, te whakakore inu i huaketo me microorganisms.

Ko te nui tino i roto i tenei tukanga katoa ko te maimoatanga-mua. I roto i tenei pūnaha te membrane (rerewai whakamuri) - te huānga whakawhiti tino utu. Time o tona mahi, tei, tuatahi, i runga i te kounga o te wai taumai. I tenei wā whakamahi reira e toru whiriwhiringa i roto i te raupapa, ko tona mahi, ko te ki te faaineine i te wai ki te tika i roto i te membrane.