S-125 "Neva": hoahoa, āhuatanga mahi, whakarerekētanga

S-125 "Neva" - pūnaha pere anti-rererangi (ADMS), poto-whānui, hangaia i roto i te USSR. Ko te putanga kaweake o te matatini i huaina "Pechora". I roto i te whakarōpū o NATO, huaina ai ko te SA-3 Goa. I runga i nga ringa o te USSR tangohia te matatini i roto i te tau 1961. Ko te kaiwhakawhanake matua o SAM hanga NPO "Almaz" ko Raspletina. I teie mahana, ka titiro tatou ki te hītori o SAM "Neva" me ona ngā.

kōrero

Air pūnaha korero pere ko te wahi o te korero o te USSR, a i te tikanga mo te tiaki o te hanganga ahumahi, me te hōia i te pānga o tetahi momo o tikanga o whakaeke rangi, rere ana i te reo, me te iti altitudes. Ka taea e pā reira rererangi, whawhai, rererangi multipurpose me missiles ipu ki te tōtika tukituki o neke atu i te 0.2 m ^2.

ka anga Development i roto i te SAM NGO "Diamond" i roto i te 1956 i roto i te whakautu ki te hanganga o te waka rererangi, tōtika whakahaere i altitudes iti. Ko te mahi hangarau o te hoahoa i te taea Poiete matatini ki te haamou i ngā taumata e rere i te teitei o 0.2 ki te 5 km, i te whānui i te 6 ki te 10 kiromita i te tere o te 1500 km / h. I te huinga tuatahi o whakamātautau i mahi ahau ki te 5V24 tākirirangi. whakamatauria rawaka te whai hua tenei taupiri, na hanga te mahi ko te whakaritenga atu - ki te whakarite i te reira ki te 5V27 pere hou, uouangataha ki te moana "poipoi o te matatini. Tenei otinga kua nui ake āhuatanga mahi (āhuatanga mahi) o te pūnaha. I roto i te 1961, i tangohia te matatini, i raro i te ti'araa S-125 "Neva".

I roto i te heke mai, e kore kua whakarerekētia kotahi te pūnaha. ngā te taputapu ki te mahi ki pokanoa GSHM, ngā whāinga titiro rorona PRR, tāututanga, te mana tangi, kia rite ki te pai kia rite ki te tāutanga o te SRP tohu waho ona ngā mema. Nā ki ngā whakapaitanga i roto i te hoahoa, i taea ki te haamou i ngā taumata e te hunga i te tawhiti ki runga ki te 17 kiromita SAM.

I roto i te 1964, tangohia te putanga hou o SAM i raro i te ingoa o S-125 "Neva-M". Ko te putanga kaweake o te tāutanga i huaina "Pechora". Mai 1969 ka anga ki te homai matatini i roto i te whenua Warsaw Tiriti. Just he tau i muri mai, ki te tuku tīmata S-125 i roto i ētahi atu whenua, pērā i Afghanistan, Angola, Algeria, Hungary, Bulgaria, India, Korea, Cuba, Yugoslavia, Etiopia, Peru, Hiria, a he tokomaha etahi atu. I roto i te taua 1964 i runga i ringa i whāngai 5V27 pere whakawhanakehia ICD "rama.

I roto i te 1980, ki te whakamātau tuarua, me te whakamutunga whakahou i te matatini. Hei wāhanga o te ao hou, o te kaihoahoa tapaea:

1. Whakamāoritia teihana missiles arata'iraa i runga i te pātengi raraunga mamati timatanga.
2. Whakatinana decoupling pere me ūnga takere e whakahaere teihana mana rua. hanga tenei e taea ki te whakapiki ake i te whānuitanga mōrahi o ngā tākirirangi hinga ki 42 kiromita, mā te whakamahi i te tikanga o ", natemea oti."
3. Whakatinana missiles whāhoki hongere.

Nā ki āwangawanga e te whakahounga o "Neva" ārai whakaahuatia te hanga o te hou S-300P paopao tono i. I tēnei wā, he putanga o te matatini, i riro te ti'araa C-125-2, ranei "Pechora-2".

hanganga

Kei te pūnaha o te pūnaha rangi korero pere, me te pere mata-ki-rangi te tikanga ti'araa hangarau.

SAM ngā taua āpiha:

1. Hihiani (RLS) SNR125M mō te aroturuki ūnga me te ārahitanga o te missiles runga reira. Kei hihiani i runga i rua ëtahi. Ko tētahi Ko te whakahaere piha UNK me i te tahi atu - pūihi pou. mahi SNR125M ki hihiani me te tautoko takere pouaka whakaata, i roto i aratau ā-aunoa ranei. rite rawa te teihana i te pūrere tīmatanga aunoa APP-125, e tautuhi ana i te rohe o te wahi i pangia o missiles, me te te taunga o te tākirirangi ki te whakaaro o te hui. I tua atu, whakatau ia ki te tīmata i te mahi.
2. pūhiko pere, e ngā o wha launchers 5P73 tauira, ia o nei rite rawa te ki 4 missiles.
3. pūnaha Energy supply arā, o te teihana diesel-hiko o te tohatoha, me te piha.

arata'iraa

Ko te matatini o te rua-awa, me te kotahi-hongere pere i te ūnga. kia te ahanoa hoariri kia tiki ake e rua noa missiles. I tua atu, me te Sams taea te whakahaeretia radars mō te rapunga me te aronga, tauira P-12 ranei P-15. moni Complex e whakanohoia i roto i āhua-ëtahi me ëtahi, me te hononga i waenganui i a ratou, ko te mā taura.

Ko te otinga o tenei raruraru, kia rite ki te hanganga o te pūnaha pere iti-teitei, e hiahiatia ana e te kaihoahoa o rerekē rongoā. ko te take hoki tenei ahua rerekē o te tāutanga pūihi tenei.

Ki te patu i te ūnga, i te mea i te tawhiti o te 10 km me te rere i te tere o te 420 m / s, i te teitei o 200 m, he mea e tika ana ki te whakarewa i te pere i te kau, i te kei o te ūnga e i te tawhiti o 17 km. He hopu me te aroturuki o ngā taumata ki te tīmata i te katoa i te tawhiti o te 24 km. I roto i tenei take, kia waiho te whānuitanga rapunga o te taua ngā taumata teitei iti i 32 ki te 35 km i roto i te tirohanga o te wā e hiahiatia ana mō te dopoisk. I roto i tenei āhuatanga, te koki o te wāhi ūnga i te wa o te rapunga ko anake 0,3 °, me i tango i runga i autofollow - e pā ana ki 0,5 °. I taua koki iti te tohu hihiani kitea i te teihana arata'iraa whenua nui te tohu kitea i te ūnga. Hei whakaiti i tenei pānga, C-125 tauraoi ki ngā pūnaha pūihi rua. Ko te tuatahi o ratou - e kore e karapahia, he reira haepapa mō te tangohanga me te whakawhitihia. Na te tuarua - Matawai - mahi fariiraa anake.

A, no te mahi i altitudes iti tuku pūihi huinga i 1 °. Ko te tuku kupu irradiates te mata o te whenua anake te matamata taha o te hoahoa pūihi. te whakaiti i tenei te tohu kitea i te whenua pinepine o nga wa. Ki te whakaiti i te hapa ūnga aroturuki e pā ana ki te takanga o "whakaata Miratanga" (tohu te pokanoa i waenganui i tohu tika, me te multipath i ūnga whenua), te rua riro Antennas e koané nga rererangi e 45 ° ki te huapae. riro No te mea o tenei pou pūihi SAM me tona ahua āhuatanga.

Ko tētahi atu raruraru e pā ana ki te ūnga hoariri teitei iti e rere, - ko te hanga o te MTI (neke tohu ūnga), e taea tōtika tutakina ūnga tohu, i roto i nga whakaaro huritao kaha i te whenua, me te tohu i nga ahua o te taputapu. Ki tenei i hanga ai cherezperiodnoe te whakatika e te pūrere mahi i runga i te UDL (rārangi roa ultrasonic) totoka.

Tawhā tohua MTI nuinga nui nga tawhā o katoa hihiani mua ngā-mahi ki te radiation pākau i. Pehanga o te ngangau i puta ake i ngā hāngū tae 33-36 DB. I roto i te tikanga ki te ū te wā tāruarua o te ngātere pūkenga, e faa'aano te synchronizer ki te raina roa. I muri ka tahuri te reira i roto i taua tenei whakatau ko tetahi o nga āhuatanga o te teihana, rite hanga reira e taea ki te huri i atu te auau tāruarua ki te rangi i te ngangau hihiko. Hei faaiti jamming peke pūnaha tuku auau kua whakaratohia, e puta i roto i te kaupapa e nui te pokanoa te taumata tomu'a.

pūrere pere

whakawhanakehia Mata-ki-rangi pere (SAM) 5V27 te ICD "rama", ko he rua-step me hanga i runga i te aerodynamic whirihoranga "rakiraki". Ko te wāhanga tuatahi o te tākirirangi ngā o te booster tākirirangi totoka; maturuturu wha stabilizers i muri i te tīmatanga; me te rua o airfoils whakaritea i roto i te wehenga tūhono me te tika mō te te whakaiti tere rere i muri i whakatere Mataora wāhanga. i muri tonu e whakawhanakehia nga takahanga i raro i enei papa, e tura'ii te hurihanga taimaha, te āputa aueue tamahanahana, me te pae hopea braking whakatere ki tona hinganga whakahaere muri.

Ko te wāhanga tuarua o te SAM hoki kua he nekeneke totoka-propellant. Kei tōna hoahoa o te raupapa o compartments, e kua tū: wae Mana, fuze, whawhai wāwāhi nui-taikaha o te taputapu i runga i-papa, nekeneke, me te mana kaiwhiwhi whakahau.

kawea rere mana ara o te pere, me tona arata'iraa ki te ūnga e roto i te tikanga o te mana reo irirangi, i mahi ai ki te arata'iraa hihiani whenua. Kähaki warhead puta ina tata pere ki te ūnga hoariri i te tawhiti e tika ana mō te reo irirangi whakahaere rōpū fuses. Ko reira ano hoki whakaititanga taea o te kapa ki te teihana arata'iraa.

Tīmata ukoritel rere rua ki te wha hēkona, me i haere - ki runga ki te 20 hēkona. Ko te wa e hiahiatia ana mo te pere whaiaro whakangaromanga-, - 49. Kikī Turu nekeneke ko 6 wae. E whakahaerehia ana te pere i roto i te whānuitanga pāmahana whānui - i - 40 ° ki + 50 ° C.

A, no te patu ki te missiles kua riro i roto i-601P, tīmata nga kaihoahoa mahi i runga i whakamanatanga pūnaha pere anti-rererangi. Enei raruraru ngā te huringa e whai ake nei: te ngā taumata matā neke ka kīia e ki runga, ki te 2500 km / h, patua transonic (neke i te tere tata ki te tere o te oro) ki ngā taumata i te teitei o 18 km, me te nui haere te mate haruru me te tūponotanga hit.

akatuke'anga pere

I roto i te whanaketanga o akatuke'anga taua missiles i hanga e te hangarau:

1. 5V27G. Ko te taupū "T" tu hoki "hiri".
2. 5V27GP. "P" taupū tohu te hekenga i roto i te hinga tata o te rohe ki te 2.7 km.
3. 5V27GPS. Taupū "C" tohu te aroaro o te kōwae whiriwhiri, te whakaiti i te tūponotanga ka o mahi aunoa ina fuze tohu whakaata i te whenua i tetahi taha.
4. 5V27GPU. tikanga te taupū o "Y" e reira ko te prelaunch vitiviti. tutuki Tuhinga o te wā faaineineraa e te tono ki te taputapu onboard i supply te mana ngaohiko tiketike, ka te aratau prelaunch o whakawera taputapu. Taputapu prelaunch kei roto i te piha UNK, riro hoki te whakahounga hāngai.

akatuke'anga katoa o missiles whakaputaina i te whakangungu Special Kirov tau wheketere 32. mō kaimahi o te tipu hua nga āhuatanga me taimaha, ritua, me ngā tauira mātauranga o missiles.

tīmata missiles

kawea te whakarewatanga i roto i te Pūwhakarewa (Pu) tauira 5P73, piri nei i roto i te tairanga me Azimuth. hangaia Chetyrehbalochnaya Pūwhakarewa kawea i roto i KB SM i raro i te ārahitanga o te BS Korobov. Te kore tahuhu a gazootrazhateley taea te kawea reira i te motokā tākupu-214.

A, no te pihinga i ngā taumata iti-rere koki iti o te pere tīmatanga ki 9 °. Hei ārai i te horo oneone huri noa i te Pūwhakarewa maha-motu porohita paninga rapa-whakarewa reimana. i ako pu te i roto i te raupapa ki te mihini e rua waka-tohutohutia, hanga ki runga ki te turanga o te ZIL-131 me ZIL-157 ki te huri whakarei.

kawea teihana Power i roto i te whakamahi i te pūkoro substation hiko, eke i roto i te hoki o te wakatō. Teihana ite me ngā o te P-momo me P-12 nm 15 ki Tarahihi me puna mana motuhake BP-10-T230.

Iwi o te waka rererangi whakaritea e interrogators hihiani.

ao hou,

I roto i te tīmatanga o nga 1970, i hou anti-rererangi matatini pere "Neva". Te whakapai ake taputapu hihiani whakaaetia ki te whakapiki ake i haruru wātea i te mate i te titiro o nga whāinga, me te whakahaere o te tākirirangi. Ngā mihi ki te whakataki o te taputapu, "karata-2" te tikanga mo te titiro pouaka whakaata-whatu me te tautoko, te whai wāhi ki te haere tahi me te karawhiuwhiu i ngā taumata hoariri kahore hihiani radiation ki te wāhi e karapoti ana. Whakawhiti ūnga hongere tuku kawea i runga i te pou pūihi. Mahi i runga i rererangi pokanoa i tino fakafiemālie'i'a whakaratohia ahua ataata.

I te wa ano i reira i roto i te hongere kitenga whatu me mau paruparu. I roto i ngā āhuatanga kapua, a ka tirohia i roto i te ahunga o te ra te aroaro o te puna te marama horihori eke i runga i te rererangi hoariri ranei, heke hongere tōtika tino. I tua atu, i te tirohanga o te tikanga pouaka whakaata-optical kihai i taea e whakarato i te operator tipu e pā ana ki te whakaaro o te awhe raraunga. tauwhāiti tenei te taea hoki tikanga kōwhiri me te heke arata'iraa te whai huatanga o te take tere whakaeke.

I roto i te hawhe tuarua o te 70 S-125 riro te taputapu, te whakanui ake i te tōtika o tona whakamahi ina pupuhi i ngā taumata neke i altitudes iti, me te ngā taumata whenua, me te mata. Ano, te pere whakarerekētia i hanga 4V27D, i fakautuutu airspeed whakaaetia ki te karawhiuwhiu i ngā taumata "i roto i te whai". nui haere roa pere, ka nui haere te papatipu ki 0,98 taranata. taimaha Pūwhakarewa SAM i ako i roto i te 3 mongamonga. Mei 3, kua whāngai 1978 huinga o S-125M1 ki te 5V27D whakarewatanga putanga.

putanga

I roto i te akoranga o akatuke'anga matatini i hanga te whakarerekētanga e whai ake nei.

Hoki te korero o te USSR:

1. S-125 "Neva". putanga Basic ki te 5V24 pere ngā ake ki te 16 km.
2. S-125M "Neva-M". riro te matatini 5V27 missiles ka nui haere ki te 22 km tawhiti.
3. C-125M1 "Neva-M1." Rerekē i te putanga "M" nui haere haruru wātea i te mate, me missiles hou 5V27D ki te taea o te whawhai i roto i te whai.

Hoki te Soviet Navy:

1. M-1 "Wave". Ship putanga orotahi o te C-125.
2. M-1m "Wave-M." Ship putanga orotahi o te C-125M.
3. M-1P "P-poipoi". Ship putanga orotahi o te C-152M1, ki te tua o Telesystems 9SH33.
4. M-1H. "Wave-H". E whai ana te matatini ki te ārai RCC iti-rere.

Hoki kaweake:

1. "Pechora". Kaweake putanga o SAM "Neva".
2. "Pechora-M." Kaweake ahua SAM "Neva-M".
3. "Pechora-2M". Kaweake putanga o SAM "Neva-M1."

S-125 "Pechora-2M" Ko tonu e wātea ana i roto i te tahi mau whenua.

āhuatanga o

Basic āhuatanga rauhanga, me te hangarau o te SAM "Neva":

1. tiketike hinga Range - 0,02-18 km.
2. whānuitanga mōrahi o mate - 11-18 km, i runga i te tiketike rānei.
3. Ko te tūponotanga o te patu i te ūnga kotahi tākirirangi - 0.25.
4. Autolock wā aroturuki o ngā taumata - 8.
5. Whakahaere pūrere aratau tīmata - āhua-aunoa.
6. Hanga wā raraunga - 7.
7. Whakaaroa wāhi tika hui - 1.5-3 km.
8. Ko te tawhiti i waenganui i te tūranga pokapū me te fare mana - 20 m.
9. Ko te tawhiti i waenganui i te fare, me te timata mana - 70 m.
10. roa pere - 5948 mm.
11. Ko te diameter o te atamira 1 o te tākirirangi - 552 mm.
12. Ko te diameter o te atamira 2 o te tākirirangi - 379mm.
13. Tīmata missiles taimaha - 980 kg.
14. Ko te missiles tere rere - ki runga ki te 730 m / s.
15. Ko te mōrahi tere whakaaetia o te ūnga - 700 m / s.
16. Taumaha o te pere - 72 kg.

te faaohiparaa i

SAM-125 whānui iti whakamahia i roto i ngā momo rohe pakanga hōia. I roto i te 1970, ka haere 40 ope o "Neva" ki te kaimahi Soviet ki Ihipa. I reira, ratou hohoro whakamatauria ki te kia whai hua. I roto i te Soviet SAM te patototanga 16 firings ka pakaru 9 3 rererangi o Iseraela. I muri i taua, ko te Suez te rangaawatea.

I roto i te 1999, i roto i te fakaaoao NATO ki Yugoslavia, te S-125 whakamahia whakamutunga i runga i te parekura. Na roto i te timatanga o whawhai e 14 S-125 pūhiko me 60 launchers Yugoslavia. i rite rawa etahi o ratou ki te kāmera pouaka whakaata me rangefinders taiaho, i whakaaetia ki te ahi missiles kahore ngā. Otiia, i te tōtika whānui o ngā pūnaha e whakamahia ana i roto i te Yugoslavia kua turakina e tika ana ki te meka i he ratou i te wa ko tawhito te tikanga, me te hiahia tiaki auau. Te nuinga o nga missiles whakamahia i roto i te hanganga o te S-125, ko te ora wäriu kore.

hiko ngaahi fakafepaki'i ara i roto i nei kua whakamatauria ope NATO ki kia tino whai hua i roto i te aroraa ki ngā pūnaha pere Russian. Whawhai-rite i mua i te mutunga o te pakanga i reira e rua anake o nga matua e waru o S-125, mahi i roto i te takiwā o Belgrade. I roto i te tikanga ki te whakaiti i te parekura, whakamahia "Neva" wehenga ratou hihiani mō te 23-25 hēkona. I tatau i tenei wā wā i ngā kaimahi i roto i te mate tuatahi, ka fehangahangai ki te NATO missiles anti-hihiani kino. Tātaitanga o ngā pūnaha pere i ki te rangatira i te nekeneke huna, Ngae te huringa tamau o tūranga me shooting o "pehipehi." Ka rite ki te hua, ko reira te S-125, TTC i arotakehia matou, whakahaere ki te kopere iho toa American F-117.