Shredinger Ervin: meka ngā, biography, kitea, whakaahua, korukī. ngeru o Schrödinger

Erwin Schrödinger (tau o te ora - 1887-1961) - ahupūngao Austria, e mohiotia te rite tetahi o nga kaiwhakatū o rehe aronui. I roto i te 1933 riro ia te Nobel i te ahupūngao. Shredinger Ervin whārite ko te kaituhi o te matua i roto i tēnei wāhanga rite kore-relativistic rehe aronui. Kei te mohiotia te reira i teie mahana rite te whārite Schrödinger.

Te takenga mai, tau wawe

Vienna - he pa i roto i nei i whanau matou, he tokomaha te iwi tino, tae atu i te ahupūngao nui Erwin Schrödinger. Ko haurongo poto o tona me to tatou wa o te pānga nui, e kore anake i roto i ngā porowhita pūtaiao. ko Rudolf Schrödinger, industrialist me te huaota tona papa. Tona whaea ko te tamahine o te ahorangi rohe o Matū, University o Vienna. Ko te hawhe Englishwoman. Ahakoa i rite te tamaiti Ervin Shredinger, he whakaahua o e e kitea e koe i roto i tenei tuhinga, ako English, i mohio ia, me te Tiamana. Tona whaea ko he Lutheran, me tona papa - he Katorika Roma.

I roto i te 1906-1910 gg., I puta ia i te kura nui, ako ia i te Shredinger Ervin Gazenerlya F. me F. S. Eksnera. I te kuao tau i hiahia i roto i te mahi o Schopenhauer ia. E whakamārama ana tēnei tona moni i roto i te kaupapa, tae atu ki te rawhiti, ariā tae me te perception, Vedanta.

Ratonga, te faaipoiporaa, ahorangi mahi

mahi Shredinger Ervin hei āpiha pū i roto i te wā i 1914 ki te 1918. I roto i te 1920, ka moea e Erwin. Tana wahine ka A. Bertel. Tana wahine i mua nei tutaki ia roto i Zeemahe raumati o te tau 1913, ka kawea ngā i roto i, e pā ana ki te hiko kōhauhau. Na, i roto i te 1920, ka e ia he akonga o M. waina, e mahi ana i te University o Jena. He tau i muri mai, ka timata Shredinger Ervin ki te mahi i roto i Stuttgart, te wahi i ia he Ahorangi Tuarua. A iti i muri mai, i roto i te taua 1921, oho ia ki Breslau, te wahi i ia kua he orometua tonu. I roto i te raumati o Erwin Schrödinger oho ia ki Zurich.

Life i roto i Zurich

kua ora i roto i te pa, kua tino painga mo te kaipūtaiao. Ko te take i kore anake te pūtaiao o te aroha ki te horo'ai to ratou wa Ervin Shredinger. meka Interesting i te ora o te kaipūtaiao ngā tona riri mō haerenga faahee me te piki maunga. Na nga maunga tata, ngā ia ki te whai wāhitanga pai ki te noho i roto i Zurich. I tua atu, i uru Schrodinger ki ona hoa Paulem Sherrerom, Peterom Debaem ko Germanom Veylem, e mahi i te Kuratini Zurich. whai wāhi tenei katoa ki te mahi pūtaiao.

Heoi, ko te wa i pau Erwin i Zurich, i taumaru e mate nui i roto i 1921-22. ka mate ki te mate kohi pūkahukahu te pūtaiao, na pau 9 marama i roto i te māeroero Swiss, i roto i te pa huihui o Arosa. Ahakoa tenei, auaha ka nga tau Zurich te hua tino mo Erwin. Ko konei e tuhituhi e ia ana mahi i runga i rehe poipoi, e kua riro matarohia. Kei te mohiotia te reira e rawa i awhina ia Weil ki hinga te mau fifi pāngarau tūpono e Erwin Schrödinger.

whārite Schrödinger

I te tau 1926, whakaputaina i Erwin i roto i te buka aamu pūtaiao he tuhinga tino nui. I māngai reira e te whārite, e matau ana tatou rite te whārite Schrödinger. I roto i tenei tuhinga (Quantisierung als Eigenwertproblem) kua reira kua whakamahia i roto i te pā ana ki te raruraru o te ngota hauwai. Ki reira faataa Schrodinger tona hihinga. Tenei tuhinga, ko tetahi o te nui tino i roto i te ahupūngao o te rau tau 20. Te reira i whakatakotoria Schrödinger nga turanga o te aronga hou i roto i te pūtaiao - rehe ngaru.

Mahi i roto i te University o Berlin

Rongonui, e haere mai ki te pūtaiao, whakatuwheratia ana ara ki te whaimana University o Berlin. riro Erwin he kaitono mo te tūranga o te Ahorangi o te Physics Mā te. wetekina tenei pou i muri mutu Maks kurupae. Schrodinger, upooti'araa feaa, whakaae te tuku. ka mau ia tari Oketopa 1, 1927.

I roto i Berlin, kitea Erwin he hoa rite-whakaaro i roto i te mata Alberta Eynshteyna, Max Panēke, Max von Laue. Communicating ki a ratou, o te akoranga, faauruhia pūtaiao. arahina Schrodinger University o Berlin kauhau i runga i te ahupūngao, whakahaere wänanga Physics kurutetenga huatau. I tua atu, whai wāhi ia i roto i ngā mahi whakahaere. Otiia, i roto i te whānui, i pupuri Erwin ki ia. tohua ana tēnei e mau haamana'oraa o hono to'utangatá, me rite ki tona kore o tauira.

Erwin mahue Germany, te Nobel

I roto i te 1933, ka haere mai Hitler ki te mana, i mahue ia i te University o Berlin Ervin Shredinger. Tona koioranga, rite kite koe, e tohua e maha whitinga. I tenei wa e kore i taea e mahi i te kaipūtaiao te kore. I roto i te raumati o te tau 1937, he waenganui-koroheke Schrödinger, kihai nei i pai ki te tuku ki faaoti te tikanga hou ki te neke. Me kï reira e kore tona makanga o Nazi Schrodinger faaite nuitia. kihai ia i hiahia ki te pokanoa i roto i ngā mahi tōrangapū. Otiia, i roto i Germany aua tau whakaora apolitical i tata e taea.

Just i tenei wa, Frederick Lindemann, he ahupūngao Ingarangi, tae mai Germany. karangatia e ia Schrödinger ki te tiki i te mahi i te Whare Wānanga o Oxford. Scientist, haere i roto i te Tonga Tyrol mo nga hararei raumati, e kore kua hoki mai ki a Berlin. Fakataha ki tana wahine ka haere mai ia ki a Oxford i Oketopa 1933 tata i muri i te taenga o Erwin ako e pā ana ki te tohu o te Nobel te rangimarie paraihe (tahi ki a Paora Dirac).

Jobs i roto i Oxford

Schrödinger i Oxford ko te mema o Makarini College. a ia kahore mau ohipa whakaako. Fakataha ki ētahi atu tāngata heke riro pūtaiao pūmanawa i Imperial Chemical Industry kamupene. Otiia, e kore i taea e ia te tiki whakamahia ki te taiao tauhou o te whare wānanga. Ko tētahi o nga take - kore o te institution mātauranga, hāngai te nuinga i runga i te minita tuku iho me reia, moni i roto i te te ahupūngao hou. hanga reira Schrödinger ite e kihai i tika ia taua te utu nui, me te tūranga. Tētahi atu āhuatanga o te hūhi o te kaipūtaiao ko ngā ora pāpori, ki tonu i te ōkawa me ngā tikanga i ko. E akiakina ana tenei i te haere noa o Schrödinger, pera uru ia ia. atu mau tamataraa katoa enei me, me te whakaiti i te pūtea o te hōtaka i roto i te tau 1936 peia Erwin whakaaro te tuku mahi. Kia tae mai Schrodinger Edinburgh, faaoti ia ki te hoki mai te kāinga.

ho'iraa

I roto i te ngahuru o 1936 i timata te pūtaiao ki te mahi i roto i te University Graz rite te ahorangi o te ahupūngao pāngarau. Heoi, ko tona noho i roto i Austria poto-ora. I roto i te Maehe 1938, ka mau te Anschluss te whenua, a ka meinga a reira hei wahi o Nasí Germany. Pūtaiao ki te tauturu i te Rector o te University, tuhituhi te pukapuka o te houhanga rongo, te faaite i tona hinaaro ki te hoatu ki te kāwanatanga hou ake. Maehe 30 I whakaputaina ai, a meinga he urupare huakore i runga i te wahi o hoa manene. Heoi, e kore i enei mehua awhinatia Erwin. No te mea o te unreliability tōrangapū, i tonoa atu e ia i te pou nohoia e ia. Schrodinger riro whakamōhiotanga mōhiohio i roto i August 1938

Roma a Dublin

haere pūtaiao ki Roma, rite ko Fascist Italy ka anake te āhua i roto i nei e kore te te visa urunga hiahiatia (e kore i taea e hoatu a reira Erwin). E tenei wa Schrödinger whakapā Eamon De Valera, Irish Pirimia. Ko ia he mathematician i whakangungu a faaoti ki whakaturia ake i roto i te Dublin, he kura hou. i pa De Valera mo Erwin me tana wahine, te tauwhiro uruwhenua, oroko irava ki Europe. Heoi ka haere mai ratou ki a Oxford i te ngahuru o 1938. Ka rite ki te roa rite te mahi whakahaere mo te whakatuwheratanga o te paari i roto i Dublin, ka mau Erwin he pou rangitahi i Ghent, Belgium. pūtea tēnei pou e tikanga o te Francs Foundation.

Here pūtaiao a kitea te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao. Intervention De Valera i āwhina Erwin (nei, i muri i whakaaro nga Anschluss he tangata German, e ko te hoariri o te whenua) ki te tika i roto i Ingarangi. tae ia i roto i te pane o Ireland, Oketopa 7, 1939

Mahi i te tau whakamutunga Dublin Institute

Dublin Institute hoki Studies Arā i mana whakatuwheratia i roto i te Pipiri 1940, ko Erwin te Ahorangi tuatahi o te Physics Mā te - tetahi o te tokorua manga tuatahi. I tua atu, ka whakaritea e ia kaiwhakahaere o te paari. Ētahi atu kaimahi, puta muri mai (i roto ia ratou W. Heitler, Yanoshi L. ko C. Lanczos, me te maha taitamariki physicists), i taea e horo'a ia katoa ki te rangahau.

arahina Erwin te wänanga, kauwhau, tīmataria he kura raumati i te evanelia, e kua tae mai te physicists tino rongonui o Europe. Ko te moni pūtaiao matua i roto i nga tau Schrödinger Irish ko te ariā o te mahara, me te take e takoto ana i te huinga o rua sciences - ahupūngao me te koiora. I te 1940-45 gg. me i 1949 ki te tau 1956 ko kaiwhakahaere o te Division o Physics Mā te kaipūtaiao. Na ka whakaritea e ia ki te hoki ki to ratou whenua, timata ia te mahi i te University o Vienna ahorangi o te ahupūngao pāngarau. I muri i te 2 nga tau, te kaiputaiao, e i te wa i maha mate, faaoti ia ki rihaina.

pau nga tau whakamutunga o tona ora i roto i Alpbach, Tyrol kainga Schrodinger. ka mate te pūtaiao e tika ana ki te whakahōhā o kohi i roto i te fare ma'i o Vienna. Ko January 4, 1961 i roto i Alpbach i tanumia Erwin Schrödinger.

ngeru o Schrödinger

Kua pea rongo koe e pā ana ki te oraraa o tenei āhuatanga. Ko te iwi tawhiti i te pūtaiao, mohiotia te tikanga iti te pā ana ki a ia. kia kōrero hoki tatou e pā ana ki tenei kia rite ki te kitenga tino nui, me te ngā i hanga Ervin Shredinger.

"Ngeru o Schrödinger" - he whakamātautau whakaaro rongonui, i puritia Erwin. Scientist te whakamahi i hiahia reira ki te whakaatu i taua aronui rehe he oti, ka matūriki ira i te whakawhitinga ki ngā pūnaha macroscopic.

Tuhinga Erwin whakaahua tenei whakamātau puta i roto i te tau 1935. Kei te whakamahia te reira ki te whakamārama i te whakarite fariiraa, kia ara tetahi mea, te tāwhai. Ko te pūtaiao ta e reira ko te ngeru, me te pouaka i roto i nei i reira ko te tikanga kei roto i te ipu o te hau paitini, me te ira karihi ngota. I roto i te whakamātautau, kua tīpakohia te tawhā kia mimiti haere o te nucleus ki te tūponotanga o te 50% ia haora puta. Ki te taka motu reira, ki te ipu haurehu ka whakatuwhera me mate te ngeru. Heoi, ki te kore e tenei pa, ka ora i te kararehe.

Ko te hua o te whakamātau

Na, waiho i te kararehe i roto i te pouaka, tatari te haora, a ka whakaara te pātai mehemea ko te ngeru ora e kore ranei? E ai ki rehe aronui, karihi ngota (me i konei te kararehe) he wā kotahi i roto i āhua katoa (superposition aronui). Ko - "matua ngeru" i mua i te whakatuwheratanga o te pouaka i te 50% tupono i roto i te "ngeru he mate, hinga matua" ka ki te tūponotanga o te 50%, "Ko te ora o te ngeru, e kore te te matua pakaru ake." te pūnaha o Huri i te reira i roto i taua i te kararehe, ko te roto, i te wa ano, me te kore i mate.

E ai ki te tikanga Copenhagen, ka tonu kia rānei ora ranei mate te ngeru, kahore tetahi āhua takawaenga. Kei te tīpakohia te āhua o te pirau o te karihi, e kore ka whakatuwheratia te pouaka kei te, a ki te tomo te reira i te karihi i roto i te pūkite. I muri i te whakaiti o te mahi poipoi i roto i tenei take e kore e te reira hono ki te pouaka i te kaimātakitaki (te tangata), me te kaiwhakahaere matua (pūoko).

Tenei te he whakamātau ngā whakahaere Ervin Shredinger. Whakatuwhera hoatu reira whanaketanga ki te whanaketanga atu o te ahupūngao. Roto i te whakamutunga, e hiahia ana ahau ki te faahiti e rua tauākī o e ko ia:

• "Tenei - he anake te mea e kua kore mutunga."
• "E haere ana ahau ki te rere, engari te huringa ahunga rere."

mutunga tenei te whakataki ki te ahupūngao nui tona ingoa - Erwin Schrödinger. Quotes, i runga, tukua he moka ki te whakakite i tona ao i roto.