Sociology rite te pūtaiao: te ahunga matua o te whanaketanga me te ngā nāianei.

Ko te hapori i roto i ta tatou e ora, ka whakaara ake maha pātai e pā ana ki te tikanga o te ora, e pā ana ki te take o te hunga ranei te tahi atu whanaunga me ari pāpori. Sociology rite te pūtaiao o te hapori, nga ture o tona whanaketanga, whanaunga tūmatanui me ngā pūtahi pāpori kohikohi whakaaro me ngā ariā o philosopho, kaitōrangapū, ngā kaiako, pūtaiao, kaituhi me ngā mema o te tahi atu peka o te mātauranga pūtaiao.

Sociology rite te pūtaiao rerekē i ētahi atu tikanga ā, tono o tikanga pūtaiao ki te ako o te hapori, nui tono mahi o te rangahau oraraa totiare i roto i te mahi o te hapori.

I roto i Russia, timata ariā tika oraraa totiare ki te hanga i i te waenganui o te rautau tekau mā iwa. Sociology rite te pūtaiao whanake i roto i ngā tohutohu rerekē, e hanga i nga kura pūtaiao. I roto i te tātaritanga o te hītori o te hapori, tona hanganga, te pau o te whanaketanga o whanaunga pāpori, sociologists kōwhiri rerekē huarahi whānui pūtaiao: taupori, hinengaro, rōpū, ahurea me etahi atu.

Me kï reira e puta noa te wā o te whanaketanga o te pāpori Russian, kua tākiekina nga mahi o sociologists Western i runga i te hanganga o ngā ariā me ariā oraraa totiare. Ko ētahi o ēnei ko te kaiwhakarewa o te pāpori o Comte, nei i tapa te wā "pāpori", te ariā o "pūnaha", whakatikaia te wāhanga o te whanaketanga o mua. No iti mana mō whakaaro pāpori Russian ko Emile Durkheim, Max Weber. Na kua meinga Karla Marksa tohi taketake ki te Māoritanga tōrangapū o Russia mō te wā o mua tata semideyatiletnego. Heoi, ka taea e tatou te korero o te pāhekoheko o te pāpori Russian, me te Western. sociologists Russian NY Danilevsky, NK St. Michael, PL Lavrov, VI Lenin, GV Plekhanov, PA hanga Sorokin he wāhi nui ki te ao o te whakaaro oraraa totiare.

I roto i te wāhanga tino noa o te pāpori o kaupapa pāpori taratahi. Kei te hāngai te reira i runga i te rapu mō ture ao o te whanaketanga pāpori. Ko te whakaaro matua ki te i whakatata i ngā māngai o ngā rerekē i roto i tenei rohe (Spengler, Toynbee, N.Danilevky, Sorokin), ko te whakaaro o ahurea-hītori momo o mau sotaiete, e hāngai ana ki te ahurea o iwi rerekē (hei tauira, Ihipiana, Papurona, Kariki, Roma, Maya ahurea, Russian Siberian, Slavic, Hurai me ētahi atu). Ētahi sociologists whakaaro te eita o coexistence o nga ahurea rerekē e me whakawhanakehia i runga i te ara takitahi wā roa-.

Ko tētahi atu aronga o te whanaketanga o te pāpori - Marxism - fakatahai ariā conflictological, e hāngai ana i runga i te pakanga ōhanga, te aroraa wä o rerekē rōpū pāpori. Marxism tonu tana i whakaatu e Lenin me ana kaitautoko takaro he arataki i roto i te whanaketanga o mua o Russia.

I roto i te uru tu pāpori neo-Marxism (Germany, 30 tau o te rau tau rua tekau). Ko te tāpaetanga o te tangata i nga whakaaro, me te Māoritanga o te whakakorehanga, neo-Marxism roto i te pāpori o nāianei i whakapuakina ai te whakaaro o te impossibility ki te whakakore pakanga i waenganui i ngā rōpū pāpori: te pakanga mo te mana, mo te ārahi i te pae varua, totohe i roto i te Tuhinga o te moni, e ko te take matua o te whanaketanga o te hapori.

pāpori Modern te kaha rite te pūtaiao i hanga i raro i te aronga o te technocratic, tino rongonui i roto i ngā porowhita oraraa totiare uru, me te kāinga. Ko tētahi o nga ngā Ko te ao o te pāpori hou. tohatoha Net o ngā rārangi Pākehā me te Amerika o te whanaketanga o te pūtaiao oraraa totiare, whakakitea ano i roto i te waenganui o te rautau rua tekau, rubs reira atu i te ra seodnyashny. i akina atu raruraru Tangata sociologists ki uru ope. I te tahi atu te ringa, ko reira kitea ai te parau tumu whanaketanga me Konfliktologichesky o te whanaketanga pāpori kua he wahi i roto i te aamu. Na reira, ko te tuitui o ngā ariā oraraa totiare riro he tikanga whāinga i roto i te pāpori o te whanaketanga. Kahore he feaa e te mea nui te pāpori o faufaa mo te whanaketanga o te hapori hou. He he pānga i runga i whakaaro tūmatanui, tōrangapū whakatau-kaupapa.

I roto i te hanganga o te pāpori hou kaha kei te whanake peka ngā o te matauranga oraraa totiare: pāpori o taitamarikitanga, pāpori o ngā rōpū, pāpori o te matauranga, pāpori o te karakia me etahi atu.