State Nature Kōhaumataora Rahui "Khanka" Primor: whakaahuatanga

I roto i tenei tuhinga e hiahia ana tatou ki te kōrero e pā ana ki te "Khanka" rāhui natura. Kei runga i te mania takutai Western Khanka, Chernigov, Khorol, Kirov, rohe Spassky o Primorye Territory. whakapumautia Rahui i roto i te tau 1990 i roto i te tikanga ki te tiaki i nga wahi o te makariri me te manu kōhanga.

A tuu i te tūnga rāhui

Kei "Khanka" State Nature Reserve te i roto i te wahi tonga-rawhiti o te Territory Primorsky, i runga i nga takutai o te moana o Khanka, e tata ana te rohe Russian-Chinese.

I runga i te rohe o te rahui ao koiora nuinga e wahi kai repo herbaceous. I roto i te katoa i reira e nohoia e wha-waru ngā momo o kararehe, a wha o ratou ara e rārangi i roto i te pukapuka Whero o Russia. Rahui "Khanka" kua he wāhi o neke atu i te 39 000 heketea. Tenei ngā te wāhi nui o te wai māori te wai roto Khanka, karapotia nei e te ka makona ratou whānui waimaori rima mano.

whenua takutai o te moana o Khanka taonga marsh, wiwi me te otaota ngahere, e whakaaro te nui tino ki grassy Marehekepa me waimaori. Coast hipokina maha kakaho, wiwi, tarutaru Marehekepa whakauru.

Engari kia rite ki te tipu ngahere, he kongakonga ratou. E arotahi ana te nuinga o ratou i runga i maunga Luzanova. I runga i tenei pae tupu Aspen, oki Mongolian, lindens, wereweti.

Ko te hītori o te rohe tiakina

I te tau 1971 Kua mohio Khanka Lake me e tata ana repo o faufaa ao. puta te whakaaro o te hanga i te wāhi tiaki i roto i nga uofulu o te rau tau whakamutunga. Ko anake i roto i te 1990 ki konei rāhui "Khanka" i hanga - te tino taitama, Ka taea e ara ahau te mea e te whakaotinga a tawhio noa Primorsky Krai.

I roto i te April 1996, hainatia nga kāwanatanga Russian me Hainamana te whakaaetanga ki te whakapumautia i runga i te pūtake o te rohe tiakina a Haina "Shinkai-Hu" Khanka me te whenua "Lake Khanka" rahui ao tiakina.

I roto i te maha iti o rāhui peatland i whakaritea ai. Ko tētahi o ratou - ko te wāhi "Pine". I whakaritea te reira i roto i 1965 ano. He hoki taua Rahui, "awa" (1948), "Khanka" (1963), "e Fakamo'uí" (1962).

Me mea e ahau e te wehea te rohe katoa tiakina ki rima wahi rawa taratahi:

1. Tā "Pine" rohe o 375 heketea.
2. "Awa" pae. Ko tōna rohe, ko te 12.494 heketea.
3. Tā "Melgunovsky" rohe o 300 heketea.
4. Ko te pae "repo o e Tēvoló". Ko tōna rohe, ko te 16.641 heketea.
5. "Crane" pae. Ko tōna rohe, ko te 9479 heketea.

āhuarangi

Rahui "Khanka" kei te i roto i te rohe o te Hautau āhuarangi. No te mea i konei i reira e nui ngā rerekētanga pāmahana kaupeka me te awatea. Winter i roto i tenei rohe ki te hukarere iti, me te puna - maroke, me te raumati, raumati - ua, me te mahana. I roto i te tau, ko te tino pāhiwihiwi ua. makariri te marama o te tau ko January, kia maturuturu te pāmahana ki te -20 nekehanga. Ko te wā māfana - Hōngongoi, ka te pāmahana i runga i te ine pāmahana whakatakotoria te 20 nekehanga.

oneone

He momona rawa i roto i te āhua Prihantiyskie raorao. E hanga e ratou i parataiao roto, te nuinga uku me te one. roto rai i raro onepu. I ngā wāhanga faateiteihia he loams. Otiia i runga i nga wāhi papatahi te nuinga e repo, me te hawhe-repo oneone. e kore he tino nui pae Peat - kaua e nui ake e rima tekau henimita. Na raro ko paru, i te mea he paparanga parewai, e ai whenua repo.

rāhui Nature

Kia rite ki ta mea matou, he whakaaro whānui "Khanka" Rahui rohe haumaru - ko, ki runga ake te katoa, i nga wahi kai iti-takoto ki a marsh me otaota ngahere. Rohe o roto tupuria ki kakaho me nga raupo. E whakauruurutia Trees ki rakau iti. I te waewae o te maunga e taea te kite koe i te wahi kai rima mano. Forest iti rawa. Awa Songacha i te rohe o te awa, ka taea e kite koe i nga pae o te oki, me te pungarehu rakau onge. Ko te taha rāwhiti o te moana o Khanka hipokina tarutaru broadleaf. Me mea e ahau e nga otaota o te rāhui ngā 712 momo o tipu iaia: 32 - momo rākau, 43 - rakau, 3 - waina a Papatuanuku, 9 - rakau iti, 625 - herbaceous tipu.

Repo hipokina e pā ana ki e whitu tekau ōrau o te ngā wāhi e tiakina. He āhuatanga āhuatanga ko to ratou hanganga ohie. whakakitea ana tēnei i roto i te meka e, rite ki te tikanga, e te wā e tetahi ranei e rua o ngā tipu repo, e tino hipokina te whenua nohoia. E whā ngā momo o repo: wiwi, kakaho, wiwi, krupnotravnye me miro tarutaru-wiwi.

Ki te kōrero tatou e pā ana ki waimaori krupnotravnyh, ratou te nuinga ngā o kakaho, cattail raihi mohoao, mua reka. Ko te wā tuatahi o te whakamoomona tenei. I roto i dewatering muri whakawhanake wiwi, a ka waimaori kakaho-wiwi, i puta ke ki te tarutaru wahi kai kakaho i muri. Ko reira e tino ki te Waterfowl, e kua kitea tiaki e kore anake te kai e tika ana, engari ano hoki enei tinana o te wai.

Marehekepa, i roto i te tahuri, kua wehea ki e rua ngā momo: mākū, mākū. Na, kakaho tarutaru wahi kai tohu iti iho i te kotahi ōrau o te rohe katoa. E whakanohoia ana e ratou te nuinga i runga i te whenua repo. Makuku fiefia ki kino ranei. Ratou otaota āhuatanga - skullcap, uzkolisty kakaho, kakaho Langsdorf. Kei te tipu haere te roa, me te matotoru otaota.

Ko arotahi Langsdorfeynikovye wahi kai i runga i te whenua reporepo. kitea e ratou he katoa o ma rua momo o tipu. pūkete hoki tarutaru me te tarutaru whakauru wahi kai mo kore momo nui atu i tekau o otaota.

Otiia aroaro nga wahi kai kakaho-forb kua rua tekau otaota, i roto ia ratou: bentgrass, ru, Calamagrostis uzkolisty, bedstraw.

Birds tapu

Rahui "Khanka" - he palataisi mo Waterfowl me manu moana. He katoa o 336 momo tuhia konei. I tua atu, kei ono momo ika whenua, me te whitu momo o ngā ngārara, i reira e ano te pai-mohiotia kukupa Far Eastern i roto i te pukapuka Whero.

Ko te tino nui i roto i ngā o te tupuranga me te heke kaupeka o te manu te rahui. I roto i tenei rohe 110 momo o manu kōhanga. Katoa tau i reira e pā ana ki te 25 takirua o kōhanga cranes whero-karaunatia, 8 duarskih cranes takirua. Ko te katoa maha o ia momo o te warou mai ki te rau takitahi. Ko te hua tata i roto i te maha o taaka Far Eastern, inaianei he kōhanga, me te 25 takirua ratou. I roto i te papatipu i runga i te hekenga puna manu mutu Hanke ake ki te 500 mano momo o parera, kuihi me wāna. I roto i te meka, he reira he tirohanga maere. Ka taea e koe te whakaaro he aha te tau e whakaponohia o manu i te wa taua takiwa i roto i te kotahi, ahakoa hāroto nui.

I roto i Russia, anake "Khanka" rahui kohanga Intermediate Egret ko Reed Parrotbill.

I runga i te āhua tuhia rāhui 69 momo o ika, 9 o ratou e rārangi rite tata wharengaro. I roto i nga wai o whenua, koira tiaki Plagiognathops Microlepis, perch-Auha, pango Bream Amur, me te Catfish Soldatov.

ao kararehe

"Khanka" rahui, kararehe e rere i roto i te momo kanorau, whakamanamana te wā rawa onge. Me ahau mea e i runga i te rohe o te rohe tiakina tuhia maha momo onge i tabulahia i roto i te pukapuka Whero me Red pukapuka o te Russian Primorye, tawhiti atu atu i roto i tetahi atu rahui kēmu. Rahui "Khanka" ni'ai te tūranga tuatahi i roto i nga wāhi e tiakina o te Territory Primorsky. O nga kararehe onge 112 o tenei rohe 60 kitea e i roto i te rāhui.

Here tuhia hoki 45 momo o whāngote. Ko te rārangi o te hunga e e tonu ora i roto i te rohe, tae atu 8 momo o insectivores, 12 kiore, 9 momo o manu konihi, lagomorphs 2 me kotahi maikuku. E faahoho'ahia e wha momo whāngote Rare. E whakarārangitia katoa ratou i roto i te pukapuka Whero.

I runga i te rohe o te rahui ko te kiore tino noa pērā i kiore mara, kiore hina, Far Eastern vole, hamster Dahurian, Amur matuku, nui Shrew ma-whai niho. I roto i te wahi kai noho plurality anaterope ki pātītī tiketike. I roto i E kei enei wahi tika whakawhitinga pea parauri, me te Himalayan. Ano i runga i te rohe o te rohe tiaki kararehe ora i tabulahia i roto i te pukapuka Whero o Russia. I roto ia ratou te rongonui tiger Siberian, me te wuruhi whero, honu Far leatherback.

He ko aua kararehe e wā wā ranei haere ki rohe pātata: pea Himalayan me parauri, mink, poaka mohoao, Tigers, hata purepure , me te wapiti.

iwi onamata

Ko te rāhui ki runga i te motu Riabokon kitea waka iwi onamata. no nga kite tuatahi ki te Old Stone Age, pūkete ratou hoki e pā ana ki te 15 mano tau.

I tua atu, i kitea hoki wawe urupa Neolithic, taua 7,500 tau, kia rite ki te pai kia rite ki te wā mutunga o Neolithic (5000 tau), te parahi Age me rino.

Scientists whakapono Rahui i te wahi ahurei i reira kukū te wāhi iti e te rota o kite whaipara e pā ana ki te whānuitanga o ngā tau.

Ko te wahi whakamiharo konei tenei - "Khanka" rahui. he mano tini o ngā wāhi whaipara tangata Primor wahi atu kua.

wahi ahurei i runga i te rahui

Mai i te wāhi pūtaiao o te tirohanga, i reira te mea he taonga tino ahurei i roto i te rāhui. Ko tētahi Ko te hapori oxytrope Khanka, nohoia te Cape Arsenyev, Cape Przewalski ko te moutere o Pine.

I tua atu, tupu nga whenua tiaki (i roto i Ilistaya wahapū) ahurei pururu kouru nui Komarov.

Ko Melgunovka wahapū whakamanamana te koroni nui o matuku i roto i te Far Te Tai Rāwhiti. I roto i te hekenga puna tenei wahi ko te kahui nui o manu.

Riabokon i runga i te motu, i runga i te rohe tonga, he anake te wahi i roto i te rohe Maritime, te wahi tipu licorice blednotsvetnaya, rēhita i roto i te pukapuka Whero o Primorye.

Me pēhea te ki te tiki ki te rahui?

Ko te pa tata ki te rāhui - reira Spassk-Far. Ko tenei te wahi i waiho e te whakahaere i te rohe Khanka. Kei te Kei te reira 220 kiromita i Vladivostok. Mai ia i roto i Spassk Far taea te tae i te pahi. haere ia kotahi noa te wā i te ra.

whakahaere Wāhi noho: Territory Primorsky, Spassk-Far, Ershov huarahi, 10.

hei utu o te hopearaa

"Khanka" Reserve - te whakaotinga i roto i te rohe Maritime. Heoi, Lake Khanka, kei roto i tona rohe, kua roa kua te rāhui o faufaa te ao mō ngā manu. Mau, ko te whakaaro o te rahui ko te ako me te tiaki o te taiao me ngā tukanga, whakarea me te tiaki o te puna ira o otaota me ngaa kararehe. I runga i te mana taiao o rohe pāngia e te kukū nui o ngā tipu me ngā kararehe onge, me te tata. Ko te Rahui ko te wahi ahurei ki te kukū nui o manu, hanga ana e ia he ahurei, me te tino nui mō te manu heke.