Sulfides me hydrosulfides. Hydrosulfide me haukinia sulfide

Na roto i te sulphides ngā pūhui matū organic me inorganic, honoa he ngota whanariki i roto i tona muingota te ki etahi metara-konganuku kore ranei. Hoki sulfides pararopi pūhui angamaheni he hauwai sulfide (H2S), no ki te piha o te waikawa me te haukinia pūngāwhā (tātai (NH4) 2s), no ki te piha o Mariao. sulfides hoki o konganuku me nonmetals c tātai whānui KxSy (te wahi K - ko te whakarewa ranei te māraa nonmetal, ko S - waikawa toenga hauwai pūngāwhā, x me te y - nui o tīhiko whakarewa me ng ngota o te moiety waikawa i roto i te rāpoi ngota, aua), tirohia ki te piha o Mariao. Hei tauira, rino pūngāwhā (II) FeS. sulfides Organic - he taonga matū, he ngota whanariki i roto i to ratou muingota e pā ana ki Radicals pūwaro. Tenei mercaptides (thioethers) o te RSR tātai whānui ', me R me R' - Radicals pūwaro.

pūhui katoa matū i roto i te ngota whakarewa nei rāpoi, me ngota o etahi-konganuku kore (boron B, ūkuikui P, silicon Si, te ateneke rite), e hono ana ki te ngota whanariki (S) ki te tohu o te hāora rite ki haunga te 2, tai te tikanga whakaaro H2S pūngāwhā hauwai . sulfides pararopi (anake H2S), hei tauira, pūngāwhā, haukinia sulfide boron ranei, riro te ki he tai toharite, mai kua whakakapia e rua o te hauwai pūngāwhā ngota waikawa hauwai e te tahi atu tīhiko. Ki te te pūngāwhā hauwai i roto i te waikawa, whakakapia tetahi anake ngota e tīhiko (i te mea angamaheni mo te kawakore whenua me te whakarewa alkali), ka te tote kia hanga e tote waikawa. Tauira o hydrosulfides pararopi (bisulfide te kore) kia pūhui pērā i te haukinia hydrosulfide (NH4HS Tātai) ranei te konutai hydrosulfide (NaHS). I roto i te rāpoi hydrosulfides, i roto i te rerekē ki te pūngāwhā, ranei he toenga anion waikawa ko HS-. hydrosulfide Organic ngā mercaptans (thiols me thioalcohols) o te RSH tātai whānui, te wahi R - pūwaro tuwhena. E āhuatanga Mercaptides me mercaptans i nomenclature whānui, na rapu ratou whakaaro atu.

Te nuinga o sulfides i tae kanapa. I roto i te te wai pai te wairewa anake haukinia sulfide me sulfides o konganuku alkali. I whakaritea rewakore i roto i te wai, toe sulphides whakarewa. Mai te sulfides he hauwai Mariao sulfide o waikawa ngoikore, e taea te hydrolyzed ratou māngai wai-wairewa. Hoki sulfides i hanga e te konganuku ki te āhua hāora nui ranei, ki te he o ratou waihā turanga ngoikore (hei tauira, Cr2S3, Al2S3, me ētahi atu), maha tauhohenga wai moni irreversibly. Sulfides he āpiha whakaiti ngawari, ariu ki te hāora kōhauhau i pāmahana faateiteihia e ki te hanga i tai, i roto i nei te ngota whanariki he tohu teitei o te piti hāora, pērā i Ngā pūkawa me te pūngāwhā hāora rua. whakamahia haukini sulfide te i roto i te whakaahua, i roto i te ahumahi pueru. E whakamahia sulfides rite rauemi Semiconductor, phosphors, i roto i te rongoā, i roto i te ahuwhenua.

kia whakaputaina e te tikanga rerekē nga sulfides. rite e te tauhohe i hauwai sulfide ki te taikaha o te haukini - haukinia pūngāwhā (sulfide diammonium mohiotia rite ingoa tetahi o tenei tote): H2S + 2 NH3 → (NH4) 2 s. More ātete tote waikawa o te hauwai sulfide ko FeS pūngāwhā rino, e taea anake e te decomposed e whakawera i roto i te vacuo ki te whiwhi i te reira (ko tetahi o maha tikanga mohiotia tenei) e te tauhohenga tina heke ki whanariki rino: Fe + S → FeS.

taimaha rāpoi o haukinia sulfide me 68,14. .. E m Gross-tātai o te pūnaha Hill taea te tuhituhi rite: H8N2S. I roto i te ahua rite te tote tioata taekore. Ko ngāwari wairewa i roto i te wai sulfide haukinia i te 20 ° C. Wairewa i roto i te waihā ewaro. Tenei taonga hygroscopic taea o te ngongo makuku. I roto i te āhua noa e kore e whiwhi haukinia sulfide. Mai te mea iu te (NH4) 2s tote, ka e tata ona wairewa waiwai, me te hauwai pūngāwhā kupu ngā tino o te ranunga o NH3 ko NH4HS, me wairewa waiwai o (NH4) 2s ko te wai te huitahi ki te kakara o te haukini me te hauwai sulfide. Ko te otinga tauhohe he kawakore ki te pH ki 9.3. Ko te tioata o te tote totoka e taea ki te wehewehe i, ara i roto i kaha tautauā o te otinga. Ka rite ki te hua o te piti hāora i te hāora kōhauhau me te hanganga o polysulfides, otinga haukinia sulfide tere tahuri kōwhai. Na reira kia penapena otinga sulfide i roto i te puoto ki tonu ake ki te puru, me te piri hiri.

Ko te taimaha rāpoi haukinia hydrosulfide me 51.11. .. E m Gross-tātai o te pūnaha Hill taea te tuhituhi rite: H5NS. Tote i roto i te ahua ko te tioata rhombic taekore. Ko te kiato o te tote rite ki te 0,89 g / cm3. ira whakakoero 120 ° C (i raro i te pēhanga). I te pāmahana rūma te whakaetonga me whāhau o te kohu kaiwhakahohe. He ahua i te pāmahana rūma tenei pūhui. Ko te taonga, ko te ngāwari wairewa i roto i te Ethyl waipiro me te wai matao, te wai wera ranei te tahu ki te vaevae iti. Tauhohenga wai alkali. I roto i te hau e oxidized hydrosulfide haukinia e taea, na reira i te otinga taekore ka rongoa hohoro tahuri kōwhai tika ki te hanganga o polysulfides. kia rite tika ai haukinia hydrosulfide mā te tauhohe i haukini ki sulfide hauwai i roto i diethyl (whanariki) na roto i te haere hau i 0 ° C i roto i ranei he otinga haukini o sulfide hauwai te taikaha e te whārite tauhohenga: NH3 + H2S → NH4HS.