Tātaitanga o te exchanger wera: te tauira. Tātaitanga o te rohe, te kaha o te exchanger wera

Tātaitanga o te exchanger wera inaianei e iti iho i te rima meneti. Tetahi whakahaere e hua me hokona taua taputapu te tikanga homai katoa ratou ake hōtaka kimi. Ka taea te tikiake reira noa o tiaki i te paetukutuku kamupene ranei ka tae mai ratou kaitoi ki tou tari, me te tāuta i te reira mō te kore utu. Heoi, ka rite ki te hua o taua tātaitanga he tika, ka taea e tatou whakawhirinaki ia, a kihai te mohio ki te te kaiwhakanao i whawhai i roto i te ngawari, me ona whakataetae? titau matauranga i te iti rawa te māramatanga o ngā tikanga hou o te tātaitanga o exchangers wera ranei Taki tātaitai hiko. Kia tamata o ki te kōmaka i nga kōrero.

He aha te mea he exchanger wera

I mua e mahi ana i te tātaitanga o te exchanger wera, kia mahara tatou, a he aha te ahua o te pūrere taua? Teplomassoobmennyh taputapu (aka exchanger wera, mohiotia hoki rite utu mahana taputapu ranei TOA) - he pūrere mō te whakawhiti o te wera i tetahi coolant ki tetahi. I roto i te tukanga huri te huringa pāmahana coolant ano ratou mātotoru me, runga i, kuputohu papatipu matū. Ko te aha e tuku taua tukanga ki rite te wera me te whakawhiti papatipu.

momo o te whakawhitinga wera

Na kia kōrero a pā ana ki te momo whakawhitinga wera - i reira e toru anake. Radiation - whakawhitinga o te wera i te radiation. Ka rite ki te tauira, ka taea e tatou haamana'o te pāinaina i runga i te tātahi i te ra mahana raumati. A taea te kitea ara enei exchangers mahana i roto i te mākete (hatete ngongo rangi). Heoi, te nuinga o maha hoki whakawera kāinga, ruma i roto i te fare hoko tatou hinu whakawera hiko ranei. Ko te tauira o tetahi atu momo o te whakawhitinga wera tenei - iakawe. Iakawe he māori, tumu (wāhanga, me i kia Exchanger te pouaka) ranei ki te puku aunoa (ki te mea powhiriwhiri, hei tauira). Ko nui atu whai hua te momo o muri.

Heoi, ko te tikanga whai hua te nuinga o te whakawhitinga wera - ko te kawe ia waiariki, ranei, kia rite ki te huaina ai, āriponga (āriponga o English -. "Te kawe ia"). Tetahi kaipūkaha e te haere ki te pupuri i te hoahoa waiariki o te exchanger wera, tuatahi o te katoa whakaaro e pā ana ki te pehea, ki te whiriwhiri taputapu tōtika i roto i te iti o te wāhi. A te whakahaere reira ki te whakatutuki, ko te i te kawenga tenei. He tauira o tenei, ko te whai hua tino ki TOA rā - exchangers wera pereti. Plate TOA i te whakamāramatanga - he exchanger wera e whakawhiti ai te wera i te coolant ki tetahi tetahi i roto i te taiepa wehe ratou. Ko te mōrahi wāhi whakapā taea i waenganui i nga waka e rua tahi me ngā rauemi pono tīpakohia, me o ratou papa paraharaha, kōtaha āhuatanga matotoru tīpakohia ki te whakaiti taputapu i tiaki i te āhuatanga hangarau taketake hiahiatia i roto i te tukanga.

momo o exchangers wera

I mua i a koutou kawe i te tātaitanga o te exchanger wera e whakaritea e tona momo. Ka taea te wehea TOA katoa ki ngā rōpū matua e rua: exchangers wera faafaaearaa, me te whakaora. Ko te therebetween rerekētanga matua ko e whai ake: i roto i te utu wera faafaaearaa TOA e wahi i roto i te taiepa wehe i te reo wera e rua, ka haere mai i roto i te whakapā ki ia atu i roto i te rua pāpāho whakaora, maha tono Mixing muri, me te wehenga i roto i whakawehe motuhake. E wehea exchangers wera whakaora ki exchangers wera, me te ranu ki te pupuha (raruraru pahoho takawaenga ranei). Pakeke e korero ana, he peere o te wai wera, hoatu ake i roto i te matao, he karaihe o tea wera ranei, hoatu matao i roto i te pouaka (kore e kore e mahi i!) - ko te tauira o taua TOA Mixing tenei. He ringihia tea hoeha, me te meangiti i te reira na te whiwhi tatou i te tauira o te exchanger wera whakaora ki te pupuha (hoeha, i roto i tenei tauira nui te wahi pupuha), e te tuatahi whakapā ki te rangi ambient me e tona pāmahana, a ka kōwhiria e te wahi o te wera o ringihia ki reira o tea wera rapu e rua mata pāpāho ki aratau taurite waiariki. Heoi, ka rite ki kua kitea e kua matou whakamahi pai ake o te kawe ia ngāwhā ki te whakawhiti wera i tetahi reo ki tetahi, Na, atu pai i roto i ngā o te whakawhitinga wera (ka whakamahia whānuitia) TOA i teie mahana - o te akoranga, faafaaearaa.

tātai Thermal me hanganga

Ka taea te hanga i tetahi tātaitanga o te exchanger wera whakaora i runga i te hua o te waiariki, tātai waipēhi me te kaha. He faufaa, mahuinga ia mo te hoahoa o te taputapu hou ratou me tikanga ko te pūtake mō te tātai i te tauira o muri o te momo kotahi o te raina pūrere. Ko te mahi matua o te tātai TOA waiariki ko ki te whakatau i te wāhi utu mata wera e hiahiatia ana mō te mahi pūmau o te exchanger wera, me te tiaki i nga tawhā hiahiatia o te putanga pāpāho. Tino maha i roto i taua tātaitanga e hoatu Engineers uara noho o te taimaha me te rahi āhuatanga o te taputapu heke mai (rauemi, korere diameter, papa paraharaha, ngā āhuatanga, kurupae te āhuahanga, momo me te rauemi finning et al.), Heoi i muri i te wera te nuinga whakahaere exchanger tātaitanga mārohirohi. I muri i te katoa, ki te whakaaro te kaipūkaha taahiraa tuatahi wāhi mata e tika ana mo te putorino diameter hoatu, mo te tauira, 60 mm, me te roa o te exchanger wera kupu tahuri e pā ana ki ono tekau mita, he reira arorau ki te amo whakawhitinga exchanger wera multistage ranei ki te momo paihere ngongo, ki te whakapiki ake i te diameter o nga korere ranei.

tātaitanga waipēhi

whakamana tātai waipēhi ranei hurihiko-mīhini, me te aerodynamic ki te tāutu me te arotau waipēhi (aerodynamic) pēhanga mate i roto i te exchanger wera, me ki te tātai i te kohi pūngao ki te hinga ratou. Tātaitanga o tetahi ara, hongere putorino ranei mo te irava whakawera reo whakatika te tangata mahi tuatahi - ki te tūkino i te tukanga whakawhiti wera i te pae. Ko, me haere kotahi reo, me te tahi atu, ko te ki te tiki rite nui te wera i te wā iti o tona akoranga. Tenei maha tono atu mata utu wera i roto i te puka o papa pakihau whakawhanakehia (mo wehenga o te sublayer laminar rohe, me te whakarei ake arepurepu rere). Tino pai e pā ana toenga i roto i te parekura waipēhi, te wāhi o te utu mata wera, te āhuatanga taimaha me te rahi, me te putanga wera mawehe atu ko te hua o te töpü waiariki, waipēhi me te mārohirohi tatauranga TOA.

taki tātaitanga

kawea manatokonga o te exchanger wera i roto i roto i te take i reira ko reira e tika ana ki te takoto i te rahui mana o tetahi wāhi mata utu wera. Ko te mata o te whenua rāhui mō ngā take rerekē, me te i roto i ngā āhuatanga rerekē, ki te pera e hiahiatia ana e nga ngā o tohutoro, ki te whakatau i te kaiwhakanao ki te hanga i te tawhē atu ki te kia rite mohio e ka tukua tenei wera i runga i te tikanga, me ki whakaiti hapa i roto i ngā tātaitanga. I roto i ētahi wā, e hiahiatia ana rahuitia mo whakaawhiwhi ngā hua hanganga i roto i te tahi atu (evaporators, economizers) i roto i te tātaitanga o te kaha o te exchanger wera te rawa whakaurua mata tawhē i runga i te compressor contamination hinu reira i roto i te ara iahiko pouaka. Ae, a me mau te kounga wai rawakore ki pūkete. I muri i te i, te mahi maeneene o exchangers wera, rawa i pāmahana teitei, e mutu ai te waikura i runga i te mata o te taputapu utu wera, te whakaiti i te whakawhitinga whakarea wera, a heipü ārahi ki te whakaiti i roto i te manureva wera pirinoa. Na reira kaipūkaha mātau, he tātai o te exchanger wera "wai-wai", utu tokanga makehe ki te rahui atu o te mata utu wera. Taki tātai me te whakapau i roto i te tikanga ki te kite i te āhua o te taputapu whiriwhiri e mahi i runga i te tahi atu, aratau tuarua. Hei tauira, i roto i te conditioners pokapū rangi (tāuta rangi supply-) hatete mō te whakawera tuatahi me te tuarua whakamahia i roto i te wa makariri, a maha ngā te raumati mō te meangiti supply kai hau wai matao ki te exchanger ngongo wera rangi. Pehea e ratou te mahi, a ko te aha e hoatu e te tawhā ki te arotake i te tātaitanga whanganga.

whakatau tata rangahau

kawea tātaitanga TOA rangahau i runga i te pūtake o te hua o te tātai ngāwhā me te whakaū. Ko ratou e tika ana, e rite ana te tikanga, ki te hanga i nga menemana hou ki te hanganga o te pūrere hangaia. whakamana hoki ratou ki te whakatika e whakatakotoria tetahi whārite i roto i te tauira tātai whakatinana whiwhi TOA empirically (mō ngā raraunga whakamātautau). Mahi rangahau tā te tātai o tekau me ētahi wā rau o tātaitanga e te mahere motuhake, whakawhanakehia, ka whakatinana i roto i te hanga kia rite ki te ariā pāngarau o te hoahoa o ngā. E ai ki nga hua heheu mai te mana o ngā āhuatanga rerekē me inenga ā i runga i ngä tohu mahi TOA.

atu tātaitanga

Ko te tātai o te rohe exchanger wera, e kore e wareware e pā ana ki te ātete o rauemi. tātaitanga kaha TOA ngā arowhai i te kōwae matapae mō te ngaohiko, tāpiritanga torsional ki te mōrahi taime mahi tīkina ki taipitopito me te kōpuku o te heke mai o te exchanger wera. Ki te kia kia kaha, eu ngā āhuatanga iti o te hua, me te whakarite i te mahi haumaru i roto i ngā, ara nga tikanga tino kaha.

whakamana tātaitanga hihiri te ki te whakatau i ngā āhuatanga o te exchanger i runga i aratau mahi tāupe wera.

Ngā momo o te hoahoa exchanger wera

Ka taea te wehea TOA faafaaearaa i roto i te hoahoa ki te maha makona nui o ngā rōpū. Ko te tino mohiotia, ka whakamahia whānuitia - he exchanger wera pereti, hau (Finned ngongo), anga me te wera ngongo exchangers "putorino i roto i te putorino", anga-a-pereti, me ētahi atu. He nui ake tino momo motuhake, me te tāwāhi, hei tauira, tōrino (koko-exchanger) ranei te kota, e mahi ki te fluids Kaore ranei kore-Newtonian, me te maha atu momo.

Heat exchanger "ngongo i roto i te ngongo"

A feruri i te tātaitanga māmā o te wera exchanger "ngongo i roto i te ngongo". Te hanganga, te maximally whakamāmā tenei momo o TOA. I roto i tīmata ake i te taputapu ngongo roto, te tikanga wera wai whakawhiti wera ki te whakaiti te parekura, a ki te whare ranei ki te ngongo waho, te coolant meangiti oma. Engineer Tūmahi i roto i tenei take whakaiti ki te faaotiraa o te roa o te exchanger i runga i te pūtake o te wera tātai wāhi utu mata me diameters këtia te wera.

Ko utu tāpiri e i roto i thermodynamics whakamōhio te ariā o te exchanger wera pai reira, ko e o wae te roa mure ore, i reira te mahi coolants i counter, a i waenganui rerekētanga pāmahana tino rongo. hoahoa te "putorino i roto i te putorino" tutaki tata enei whakaritenga. A, ki te rere countercurrent fluids whakawhiti wera, ka waiho i te reira i te pera-ka karanga "counter-tūturu" (rite te ātete ki ripeka-rite i roto i te pereti TOA). tino tōtika Temperature pēhanga rongo ka te whakahaere waka. Heoi, e mahi ana i te "putorino i roto i te putorino" tātaitanga o te exchanger wera kia kiko, me te kore ki te wareware e pā ana ki te wāhanga logistics, me te te humarie o te tāutanga. roa evrofury - 13.5 m, a kahore whakaurunga hangarau katoa taunga ki te mania, me te tāuta o ngā taputapu taua roa.

Anga me exchangers wera ngongo

Na reira, ko reira wahi o te tātai o te pūrere taua pai rere ki te tātai o te anga, me te ngongo exchanger wera. Tenei taputapu, ai ko te paihere ngongo i roto i te take kotahi (casing), horoi e coolants rerekē, i runga i te taputapu ūnga rānei. I roto i te pūnga iahiko, hei tauira, rere i roto i te koti refrigerant, me te wai - i roto i te ngongo. Ki te taiao tenei tikanga o te waka māmā me te ake pai ki te whakahaere i te mahi o te kōwae. I roto i te evaporators, hei kōrero, whewhe te refrigerant i roto i te ngongo, a kua horoi ratou ki te wai matao o (te wai, brines, glycols, me ētahi atu). Na reira, heke te exchanger wera tātaitanga-ngongo te ki whakaiti i te rahi taputapu. Tākaro ki te diameter o te casing, te diameter me te maha, me te roa o te roto kaipūkaha putorino taputapu tomo te uara tātai o te wāhi mata utu wera.

exchangers wera rangi

Ko tētahi o te noa tino e exchangers wera tawhiti - he finned exchangers wera ngongo. Ko ratou i huaina coils. Hea e kore e whakaritea anake ratou mai fancoils (i te reo Ingarihi. Fan + pōkai, i.e., "tahi" + "pōkai") i roto i te poraka ā-wahia pūnaha ki Rapa recuperator hau flue (kōwhiringa o te wera i te hau flue wera, me te whakawhiti reira hoki whakawera) i roto i nga kohua i i chp. Ko Ko te aha tei te tātaitanga o te exchanger pōkai i runga i te tono, te wahi e haere te wera ki te mahi. faatoetoeraa hau Industrial (VOPy) tāuta i roto i nga ruma ru-tio kai, i roto i aisi fakapoloka i pāmahana iti me ētahi atu taonga o te pouaka kai, e rapu etahi hanganga āhuatanga i roto i to ratou hoahoa. kia Te tawhiti i waenganui i lamella (pakihau) kia whakanuia ki te whakapiki ake i te wa o te mahi tonu i waenganui i huringa defrost. Vaporizers mō DC (pokapū raraunga), i runga i te anga ke, hanga taea te tawhiti clamping mezhlamelnye atu kiato ki te iti. Kei te mahi exchangers wera pērā i roto i te "rohe parakore", e karapotia ana e te tātari pai (ki runga, ki HEPA māka), Heoi, kawea tenei tātaitanga i roto o te exchanger wera tubular ki te aronga nui ki te whakaiti i te āhuatanga whānui.

exchangers wera pereti

tono tēnei wā kainga exchangers wera pereti. E ai ki tona hoahoa kiko, he ratou tino gasketed me āhua-ka paiherea, ko mednopayanymi nikelpayanymi, ka paiherea me tikanga tūringiringi brazed (kahore tūhoto). Ko makona ngāwari, me te kore e tino uaua ki te kaipūkaha hoahoa waiariki o te exchanger wera pereti. Ka taea e te tukanga kōwhiringa tākaro paraharaha momo, takere hohonu hanga, momo pakihau, maitai matotoru, rauemi rerekē, me te, tino nui - maha ngā tauira rahi paerewa o ngā pūrere o rerekē te rahi o. He iti, me te whanui (mo te whakawera mamaoa o te wai) ranei (exchangers wera wehenga mō ngā pūnaha rangi-conditioning) tiketike, me te kuiti exchangers wera taua. Kei te maha whakamahia ratou, me te reo ki te whakawhitinga wā, arā rite condensers, evaporators, faatoetoeraa korohū, predkondensatorov me pera i runga i. D. Mahi hoahoa waiariki o exchanger wera whakahaere i te tauira biphasic, he iti maro atu i te exchanger o te "wai-wai" wera, engari mo te kaipūkaha mātanga ko solvable tenei raruraru, me te kore he tino uaua. Hei whakahaere i ēnei tātai whakamahi kaihoahoa engineering hou pātengi rorohiko, te wahi e taea te kitea e koe i te rota o ngā mōhiohio e tika ana, tae atu ki te hoahoa wāhanga o tetahi refrigerant i roto i tetahi aratau pūkenga, mo te tauira, he CoolPack hōtaka.

Calculation Tauira exchanger

Ko te whakaaro matua o te tātai, ko te tātaitanga o te rohe mata utu wera e tika ana. Kei te nuinga o te wā i tohua Heat (Refrigeration) mana i roto i nga ngā o tohutoro, engari i roto i to tatou hi'oraa e tātai tatou me ia, hoki, mea, he haki o te whakatakotoranga whakaritenga. I te tahi taime te reira tupu hoki e taea te raraunga taketake hapa ngokingoki. Ko tētahi o nga mahi o te mataaro mātau - i tenei hapa ki te kitea me te whakatika. Ka rite ki te tauira, te mahi tātaitanga exchanger o te wera pereti "wai - wai". Kia waiho te ara iahiko whakawehe (pēhanga takahi) i roto i te whare nui-ara. I roto i te tikanga ki te atawhai i te pēhanga ki runga ki te taputapu, whakamahia rawa pinepine te hanga o skyscrapers tenei huarahi. I tetahi taha o te exchanger wera i te wai i te tomokanga Tvh1 = 14 ᵒS me putanga Tvyh1 = 9 ᵒS, me te G1 auau rere = 14 500 kg / h, me i te tahi atu - he wai ano hoki, engari i konei ki te tawhā e whai ake nei: Tvh2 = 8 ᵒS, Tvyh2 ᵒS = 12, G2 = 18 125 kg / h.

mana e tika ana (Q0) tātai i te tātai toenga ngāwhā (kite i te ahua i runga, te tātai 7.1 ..), hea Cp - kaha waiariki motuhake (uara tepu). Hoki tapatahi o tātaitanga tango enei uara te kaha wera EOT = 4,187 [kJ / kg * ᵒS]. whakaaro tatou:

Q1 = 14 500 * (14 - 9) * 4.187 = 303557.5 [kJ / h] = W = 84.3 84321.53 Kw - i te taha tuatahi, me te

Q2 = 18 125 * (12 - 8) * 4.187 = 303557.5 [kJ / h] = W = 84.3 84321.53 Kw - i te rua o nga taha.

Kia mahara e, kia rite ki te tātai (7.1), Q0 = Q1 = Q2, ahakoa o e taha o te tātaitanga kawea i roto i.

I tua atu, i roto i te whārite whakawhiti wera matua (7.2), kitea tatou te wāhi e tika ana mata (7.2.1), i reira k - (riro rite ki te 6350 [W / ^m2]) whakawhiti wera ^whakarea, ko ΔTsr.log. - toharite-pāmahana rerekētanga, kua tatau e tātai (7.3):

? T sr.log. = (2 - 1) / ln (2/1) = 1 / ln2 = 1 / 0.6931 = 1.4428;

F Ko = 84321/6350 * 1.4428 = 9.2 m ^2.

I roto i te take i reira ko mōhiotia te whakarea whakawhitinga wera, he paku te tātai atu uaua exchanger wera pereti. Tātai (7.4) e whakaaro tau Reynolds wahi ρ - kiato [kg / ^m3], η - pokey hihiri, [N * s / m ^2], v - tere o te reo i roto i te tau mahani [m / s], d cm - wettable diameter whanau [m].

rapu tatou i te tepu i te uara e hiahiatia ana Prandtl [Pr], me te tātai (7.5), whiwhi tatou i te tau Nusselt, te wahi n = 0.4 - te tikanga whakawera wai, me n = 0,3 - meangiti i roto i ngā āhuatanga wai.

I tua atu, tatau te tātai (7.6) te whakawhiti wera tau whakarea i te coolant ki ia taiepa, me te tātai (7.7) riro te whakawhiti wera whakarea, whakakapi nei i roto i te tātai (7.2.1) ki te tātai i te rohe utu mata wera.

I roto i te tātai i runga, λ - waiariki whakarea āriponga, ϭ - te matotoru o te pakitara teihana, α1 me α2 - whakawhiti wera whakarea o ia o te taiepa whakawhitinga wera.