Papatanga catalytic o te hinu

papatanga catalytic o te hinu (whakamaoritia i English - wāwāhi) - tukanga hangarau hangaia ki te whakapiki ake i te tukua penehīni i tukatuka motuhake o ngā wāhanga o hautau hinu taimaha. A, no te whiwhi te tukatuka tuatahi o te hua i roto i 5-14% o te taimaha katoa toharite o te penehīni. E kore e te kounga o te wahie i muri i te Māturu tika-rere makona nga whakaritenga o te hangarau hou.

Ko te catalytic hangai piki tukua penehīni me te whakapiki i tona kounga.

E rua ngā momo o waiariki (catalytic) papatanga o: wai, me te wā hau. Hoki te feedstock tuatahi ko te hinu taimaha, e whangai nei ki te oumu i 600-625 ° C i raro i te pēhanga tata ki kōhauhau. kawea te papatanga catalytic hau-wāhanga i roto i raro i te taua tikanga, engari ko te reira i te rauemi raw mō te hinu hau (hinu solar). I roto i te papatanga waiariki o te hanganga o macromolecular waiwaro waikawa hononga whati, me te rāpoi ngota i hanga o iti waiwaro taimaha rāpoi, ngā i roto i te hautanga penehīni:

S10N22 - S5N12 + S5N10.

Ko te kupu, i te tiketike-decane e hanga e rua matū (kukū me waiwaro hamanga) ki te raro taimaha rāpoi.

kawea papatanga catalytic i roto i roto i te aroaro o te whakakōkī (paru whakahohe aluminosilicates ranei) i te pāmahana o te 470-530 C i raro i te pēhanga o i 70 ki te 370 kPa. Ko te matua rauemi raw mo te tukanga ko te hinu hau, tukua penehīni ki te taimaha o te hinu katoa e taea tae 30-40%. Na reira, ko te hanga o te penehīni - ko te tukanga uaua, me te wa-e kai ana. Hei whakapai ake nekehia atu te te kounga o te hua i ona waiwaro rua hanganga me alkynes, e te tahi mau taime e ake ki te 30% o te taimaha katoa.

Na roto i te whakamahi o ngā hangarau auaha, te tukua penehīni i te tukanga o te Māturu o te hinu e taea e ki runga ki te 80 ōrau. Hei aromatawai i te kounga o te wahie wai e wāwaro. Ka rite ki whiriwhiria he tauira wahie ki ngā āhuatanga antiknock tiketike i isooctane 2,2,4-trimethylpentane ranei.

whakaaro rite Ko tōna wāwaro ki 100. Ka rite ki te tauira ki te āhuatanga tiaki antiknock raro o te n-hewaro: S7N16, tau wāwaro (Ron), whakaaro nei rite ki te 0. Hei whakatau i tēnei āhuatanga taupū detonation whakaritea ki nga āhuatanga o te ranunga penehīni o isooctane me n-hewaro.

Hei tauira, he hua ki te maha wāwaro o 80 He te āhuatanga detonation taua, pērā i te ranunga o 80% isooctane me 20% n-hewaro. Ko te teitei te wāwaro, te pai te kounga o te wahie. Te whakanui ake i tēnei tohu whakaora wahie, me te whakaora mana o te pūkaha ngingiha ā-. Kei te tāpiri te hua, me ētahi atu wāhanga, tae atu ki ngā waiwaro me te take mai waihanga, me antidetonators (matū e i nohanga iti (kaua e nui ake i te 0.5%) te whakapai ake i ngā āhuatanga antiknock o te wahie). I mua whakamahia hoki enei tetraetilplyumbum take. Nā ki te meka i tenei taonga, ko te rawa paitini, i whakakapi i te reira e te tahi atu antiknock, e hanga nei e o hononga margantsevoorganicheskih. He iti paitini ki to tatou tinana enei matū me te hanga i taua taea ki te whakaputa i wahie ki wāwaro kotahi rau e rua tekau ma rima rau e toru tekau wae.

hangarau production penehīni

Na roto i te hāngai Māturu whiwhi penehīni ki wāwaro ki runga, ki te 91. tenei tikanga he i tenei ra - he papai, no te mea he iti te tukua o te penehīni. Hei whakanui i te tukua o te wahie, me te whakapai ake i tona kounga whakamahi Māturu tukurua, catalytic, waiariki papatanga, ina ripeneta, me ētahi atu

Enei tikanga whakanui i te utu mahi, te wā me te rauemi, engari anake whakarato ratou iti e totohu ki te penehīni taiao. Hei whakanui i te wāwaro o tenei ra maha te whakamahi i te momo o ngā matū (ngā waiwaihā, pūhui organometallic, ethers, me ētahi atu).