Taumahi me te hanganga o platelets

Platelets, e kua hangaia ki te mahi ki te mate toto ohorere, ka karanga platelets. kohikohi ratou i roto i nga wahi hoko i tetahi oko toto, me te Toke ratou ki te plug motuhake.

mau api Āhua

Ka taea te kite i te hanganga o platelets i raro i te karu. titiro ratou rite te kōpae, te diameter o e rerekē i 2 ki te 5 microns. Ko te rōrahi o ia o ratou ko a tawhio 5-10 microns ^3.

I roto i tona hanganga, te platelets ko te ranunga matatini. Kei te māngai ia e te pūnaha microtubule, kiriuhi, organelles me microfilaments. hangarau Modern tukua ki te tapahia te paraharaha horapa-ka oti kia rua nga wahi, a ki te tohatoha i te reira i te maha o ngā rohe. Ko e founga i taea e ki te tāutu i ngā āhuatanga o te hanganga mōtepe. Kei roto i ia paraharaha o te maha paparanga: te rohe piringa, te Sol-rā, organelles intracellular. E ratou ia ratou ake mahi, me te whakaaro.

paparanga waho

Ko te wāhi piringa Kei te membrane toru-apa. hanganga mōtepe pērā e i te taha waho tona ko te apa e kei āhuatanga plasmatic kawenga mō te upoo- o toto, receptors motuhake me whākōkī. Ko iti iho i te 50 nm tona matotoru. Receptors o tenei apa mōtepe te kawenga mō te faaitoitoraa o enei pūtau me ratou kaha mo te adhesion (pipiki ki subendothelium) me te whakawhāititanga (wāhitanga tuati-).

Ano, Kei roto te membrane phospholipid he take motuhake o 3 ranei pera-ka karanga kopu. Tenei wahi te kawenga mō te hanganga o complexes coagulation kaha tahi me āhuatanga wē kawenga mō te upoo- toto.

I tua atu, ko reira waikawa arachidonic. Ko reira he wāhanga nui o te phospholipase A. e te tikanga reira te waikawa e hiahiatia ana mo te kōtuitui o prostaglandins. Ratou, i roto i te tahuri, e te tikanga mo te hanganga o te thromboxane A _2, e hiahiatia ana e te mo te whakawhāititanga mōtepe puai.

glycoproteins

e kore te hanganga mōtepe iti e te aroaro o te membrane waho. Ko tōna bilayer lipid he glycoproteins. E hangaia ratou ki te here platelets.

Ko te kupu, glycoprotein ahau ko te receptor i te kawenga mō te ki te tāpiritanga subendothelial collagen enei pūtau toto. E whakarato ana i te adhesion o platelets, wharikitia ratou me te hono ia ratou ki tetahi pūmua - fibronectin.

Kei te hangaia Glycoprotein II mo nga mea katoa o te mōtepe whakahiato. E whakarato ana i te here o te pūtaitoto i te toto o enei pūtau. Ko reira i roto i tonu tenei tukanga whakawhāititanga tenatia me whakaiti (retraction) o te paihere.

Ko glycoprotein V mo te pupuri i pūhui mōtepe. Kei te hydrolyzed ia e thrombin.

Ki te i roto i te kahu mea heke glycoproteins membrane mōtepe ihirangi rerekē, riro te reira i te take o nui haere toto.

Ko te Sol-rā

Te taha te mōtepe paparanga tuarua Kei raro te membrane, ko te mowhiti microtubule. hanganga mōtepe i roto i te toto tangata, ko e enei korere ko o te taputapu contractile. Ko te kupu, ki runga ki neke whakaongaonga o enei mau papaa parau kōpeke te mowhiti te me granules ki pokapū pūtau. Ka rite ki te hua, e kōpeketia ratou. tenei katoa ai te secretion o ratou hei tirotiro i waho. Ko te whakawhetai taea ki te pūnaha motuhake o tuwhera tubules tenei. huaina ana tēnei tukanga ko "granules centralization."

Ki te whakaiti o te mowhiti microtubule hoki riro te reira taea ki te hanga i pseudopods e pai anake te hua i roto i te kaha whakahiato.

organelles intracellular

Ko te toru o paparanga Kei roto he granules glycogen, pungaraungao, α-granules, tinana mātotoru. Tenei rohe organelles pera-ka karanga.

Kei roto tinana mātotoru ATP, ADP, serotonin, konupūmā, Adrenaline me noradrenaline. He tika katoa o ratou i roto i te tikanga ki taea ki te mahi platelets. Te hanganga me te mahi o enei pūtau whakarato adhesion me te whakaora maru ia i te. Ko te kupu, ADP hua i roto i te tāpiritanga o platelets ki nga taiepa iaia, he kawenga hoki te meka e tonu te pereti mea i te tohanga ki te uru te hunga kua raru hoki reira. Konupūmā regulates te kaha o te adhesion. whakaputaina serotonin e te tuku mōtepe granule. Ka āta whakarite te reira i te mea kiano i matao whāiti iaia o te lumen.

granules alpha, organelles kitea i roto i te rohe, whai wāhi ki te hanganga o māpele mōtepe. Ko ratou kawenga mo te whakaongaonga o tupu uaua maeneene, whakaora oko taiepa uaua maeneene.

Ko te tukanga o ngā pūtau hanga

Hei mahi ki taua, he aha te mea te hanganga o platelets tangata, e hiahia ana koe ki te matau mai te wahi ratou i me pehea e hanga e. hāngai te tukanga o ratou putanga i roto i te hinu wheua wheua. Kei te wehea te reira ki te maha ngā wāhanga. I te tīmatanga i hanga megakaryocyte koroni hanga kōwae. Hoki te maha o ngā wāhanga, kua puta ia ki megakaryoblasts, promegakaryocyte me te mutunga i roto i te mōtepe.

Katoa ra, te tinana tangata hua te tikanga o 66,000 pūtau ia 1 l o toto. I roto i te pakeke kia serum tangata i 150 ki 375, te tamaiti i 150 ki te 250 platelets x 10 ⁹ / l. Ko te kupu 70% o ratou komuhumuhu huri noa te tinana, i e whiwhi 30% i roto i te kōateate. Ki te tika, te whakaiti tinana me ngā putanga platelets.

mahi taketake

I roto i te tikanga ki te matau ki ta te tinana e hiahiatia ana platelets, iti māramatanga rite ki i ngā hanganga mōtepe tangata. E hangaia ratou matua mo te hanganga o korere tuatahi, e me kati te oko pakaru. I tua atu, whakarato platelets he mata i roto i te tikanga ki te whakatere i te tauhohe o te upoo- wē.

I tua atu, ka kitea taua mea e he e tika ana mo te whanautanga houtanga me te whakaora o ngā kopa papaka ratou. Platelets hua āhuatanga tipu, tikanga ki te whakaongaonga i te whanaketanga me te wehenga o ngā pūtau pakaru.

Ko taau e hohoro a tūturu taea te neke ratou ki te āhua hou. Ko te pana o ratou whakahohenga taea e tetahi huringa taiao, tae atu ki te ahotea hangarau e ohie.

rawa platelets

Ora i teie mau pūtau toto roa. I te toharite, ko te roanga o to ratou oraraa i 6.9 ki te 9.9 ra. I muri i te mutunga o tenei wā kua ngaro ratou. Fele, e tenei tukanga wahi i roto i te hinu wheua wheua, engari ano hoki ki te whānuitanga iti, he mea i roto i te kōateate me ate.

Tohunga te tāutu momo e rima rerekē o platelets toto: taitamariki, pakeke, koroheke, me ngā puka degenerative o ritenga. Tikanga, kia waiho te tinana neke atu i te 90% o ngā pūtau pakeke. Anake i roto i tenei take he pai te hanganga mōtepe, a ka taea ki te mahi i te katoa o ona mahi i roto i te ki tonu ratou.

He mea nui ki te ite e te hekenga i roto i te kukū o enei pūtau toto ko te take o te toto i te mea uaua ki te mutu. He hua i roto i to ratou tokomaha, ko te take o te Thrombosis - te ahua o clots toto. Ka taea e ratou Toke oko toto i roto i ngā whēkau o te tinana, hipokina rawa ratou ranei.

I roto i te nuinga o te wā, e kore e te ngā hanganga raruraru mōtepe huri. E pā ana mate katoa me huringa i roto i to ratou kukū i roto i te pūnaha toto. i huaina Whakaiti i roto i to ratou maha te thrombocytopenia. Ki te nui haere te kukū te, kua tuku i te reira ki te thrombocytosis. Ki te ofati koe e pāngia te mahi o enei pūtau thrombasthenia.