Tauwhiro - te reira ... Whenua ki öhanga i roto i te whakawhitinga: te rārangi

Ko te ōhanga mākete me tona putanga ki te ao hou - he take rawa matatini, rite tika ana ki te tino te taui i me te huri i te pūnaha o nāianei mō ngā tekau tau maha. Ko e kore e taea ki te hohoro te huri katoa, ki te hanga i te outlook whakahoutia o hinonga pakihi, ki te hanga i tētahi anga ture, me te ture. Tauwhiro - he wāhanga o te whanaketanga, ripeneta me te panoni. Reira e nga wa katoa te wa roa, i roto i nei e waiho te pūnaha ōhanga he ranunga o ngā āhuatanga o te mākete hou, me te whakahau whakahaere. Tenei huringa i roto i te whanaketanga, nui atu i te mahi whakapumautia.

āhuatanga matua

ōhanga Tauwhiro - he reira rerekētanga me te tapepe, e he "homaitanga" natula tonu. E kore te ofati i te reira noa te pūmautanga o te pūnaha, kia e reira i taea e hoki ki toenga mai ia, a tino ngoikore reira. He tina heke kia arahi ki etahi atu pūnaha ōhanga, atu eu Economy whakawhitinga. Tenei tapepe ai te whanaketanga tina heke, me te tino hihiri. Heoi, tipu papû ore, te ranu tawhito, me te hou - ko tonu he totohe. I roto i te ao pāpori-tōrangapū, arata'i tenei ki te Sharpening o nga ngā whakahēnga me tutū pāpori.

Aamu rite te āhuatanga āhuatanga

Ko reira he ture o te hītori - he āhuatanga nui o tetahi whenua i roto i te whakawhitinga, o e taea te kitea he rārangi i te mutunga o te tuhinga. Mua wahi o te Soviet Union, Eastern Pākehā, inaianei fehangahangai States motuhake ki ngā raruraru e uaua atu ki te tono atu i taua o whenua American Latin, pera i roto i Amerika Latin wahi i reira i tetahi rota rawa o te whanaketanga o ngā pūtahi mākete. Nä, ko te maha o hinonga Karauna kahore e kiia i roto i te mano, engari rau. Rawa i roto i öhanga whakawhiti - puka rerekē o tona faaiteraa i roto i ngā āhuatanga rerekē. He mea tika ki te whakaaro i te kāwanatanga katoa i roto i te whanaketanga o te mahere whakahou pūnaha ōhanga.

Āhuatanga o te mahi: tūpuku

Whenua ki öhanga i roto i te whakawhitinga i maha ngā āhuatanga. Ko te tuatahi, me te tino nui - tonutanga (tūpuku) o nga tukanga whakaputa uri e te whakakore i te kaha ki te hohoro whakakapi i te puka ohaoha ngā ki atu atu e minaminatia. Ko reira e tika ana ki te rongoa i te tūpuku o uri mo te wa roa i te tawhito whanaunga ōhanga me ngā puka.

nui haere kaha

Tauwhiro - te reira tonu te wā tino taumaha. Ko hoki te reira i te āhuatanga matua, ko te whanaketanga rawa tere, me te kaha o ngā hononga hou i waenga i nga kaupapa o te mākete. Irreversibility o kunenga accelerates te whakatinanatanga o whakahounga maha. Economics o Tauwhiro meake ki te angitu, me te whakatere ratou tukanga whakawhiti, ki te kahore e noho nga whakahounga engari e hāngai ana i runga i te whanaketanga tūturu me whakaritea te pūnaha ngā.

momo rohe

He momo rerekē o te ōhanga tauwhirowhiro, e rerekē i roto i te āhua o te tukanga me ratou tauine. Local āhuatanga e te meka e taea te kite i te āhua whakawhiti i runga i te tauine o te rohe kotahi. Kei te hāngai te reira i runga i te āhuatanga me te whanaketanga pāhiwihiwi o rohe rerekē. Ko te ōhanga o te rohe i roto i te whakawhitinga - ko te ahua o te kotahitanga o te whānui me te motuhake. Ka rite ki taurite rite te puka whakawhanakehia i roto i te UK, Tiamana me France.

momo ao

Tenei tukanga maha huringa kotahi puta noa i te ao (te uru, me te rawhiti) o te ōhanga ao. I te tīmatanga, enei nekehanga whakapataritari whenua whakawhanakehia ki öhanga i roto i te whakawhitinga. Hinaaro e whakatika i roto i tenei take, pānga te whanaketanga o ngā tukanga kua megaekonomicheskih.

kāhua tūturu kunenga

whakanuia tenei momo e tona huru o tukanga rangitahi i runga i te tauine ao. Heoi, hoki e taea te hanga e te ōhanga whakawhiti rohe i raro i te mana o te kunenga tūturu. I roto i te whānui, momo katoa o te ōhanga whakawhiti faaterehia e te ture o te kunenga tūturu.

momo whanaketanga-reformist

Tenei ahua o te whakawhitinga ki te ōhanga mākete - ko te hononga o ngā tukanga panoni ki te hōtaka o ia faaapîhia te hapori. Heoi, kei te tino ora taua nga ture o te akoranga o te kukuwhatanga i te tukanga. tamata tēnei momo ki te oke ai whakatere e te whakataki o whakahounga me panoni. Ka rite ki te tauira, te whakahounga Stolypin o tsarist Russia.

ture Basic o pere

Ko te memeha äta atu o nga mea timatanga hapori - whakahau ōhanga, totalitarian, whakaōritenga, raro mākete, te atarangi o te moni. Hoki pere nui - ko te orokohanga o te whanaunga o te ōhanga capitalist (te ōhanga hou, e hāngai ana i runga i te mākete me te taonga tūmataiti) tenei. Ko te ia o te whakawhanaunga (te hoki o motu, rōpū me ngā uara ao o te whanonga ōhanga) me te humanization whānui - te turanga o tata tetahi tukanga panoni.

huringa mooni

E toru ngā rerekētanga matua e te hunga tina heke me puta i roto i te wā whakawhiti: te mate o te hinaaro kapu o rauemi ōhanga katoa o mana tūmatanui, te heke o te panoni, me te raruraru pūtea. Enei tauira He huru tikanga rawa kino, me te taea te whakahuatia i roto i mōrearea. Mai riro he wahi nui o te taonga tūmataiti, ngaro te kāwanatanga tona kaha heriheri i roto i ōhanga whakatau-kaupapa.

Ko te mahi matua i roto i te whakatūnga

Tauwhiro - he tukanga matatini o te hanga i tētahi momo hou o te pūnaha, ki te hinga te hapehape o te mua, me te whakarite i te whai hua te whakahaere o te tupu. Pērā mōrearea, rite te whakaiti o te hanga, te tupu o te pikinga me kore mahi, meinga e huringa i roto i te pūnaha ōhanga. Ko Koia i tika ki te titiro mō ngā huarahi ki te whakaoti i te mahi e whai ake nei:
1. pūtea me te nama stabilization o te ōhanga i roto i te kaupapa here moni.
2. Hokotanga me denationalization o hinonga i roto i rāngai rerekē o te hanga, me te whanaketanga o te whakataetae me te rakahinonga.
3 De-monopolization - te tikanga matua tino nui mo te hanganga o te whakataetae mākete. Whanaketanga o te pūnaha o here i runga i mergers, downsizing o motuhake tīariari.

kāwanatanga

Whakawhanakehia whenua ki ōhanga i whakawhiti, kia hoatu tokanga makehe ki te kāwanatanga o utu, i pai ai supply taurite me te tono, ki te whakakore i te tarepa, me te hanga tikanga mo te whakataetae. E rua huarahi enei whakahounga:
1. Ko te āta, kei te hangaia e mo te wa roa, kāwanatanga.
2. tuwhena, e ko,, i huaina ko reira "therapy ru" nui-tauine, me te introduction tere o whakahounga hou.
Ko reira tika hoki ki te tango i te tiaki o te hanganga mākete rite te pūnaha o pūtahi ōhanga, ki te hanga i tētahi tiaki kaha pāpori.

Āhuatanga o te whakawhitinga o te hanganga ōhanga

He tino hira i roto i te whanaketanga o te ōhanga mākete free tika rawa, he mea tino i roto i te öhanga whakawhiti. Anake e taea ki te takitahi hanga nga whakatau e tika ana, me te ki te aroturuki i te hua te rangatira ko te. Kei te ngana kaipakihi ki te whakapiki ake i te taonga, rite whakarato reira he whānui o ngā wāhi pakihi whiriwhiri me te utu, e pā moni ngā. Tauwhiro - he hanganga tautuhi o whanaunga:
- te kauwhiti matua o mana i roto i nga ringa o kaipupuri nui ki te kukū tiketike o te whakapaipai haumi;
- aru e maha ngā pāmu iti, me te reo-rahi ki te mana tūmataiti rangatōpū ranei;
- te wāhi nui takaro e rawa terenga me te āhua.

Whenua ki te momo whakawhiti o te ōhanga

I roto i enei whenua tupu katoa o te huringa i runga, me te huringa. Whenua ki te momo whakawhiti o te ōhanga i Eastern Europe - ko reira te nuinga ngā mema o mua o te Soviet Union. Ko ētahi o ēnei: Russia, Peraruhia, Ukraine, Latvia, Moldova, Lithuania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan. Hoki i roto i te Central Europe reira he whenua ki te momo tauwhirowhiro, e kua ngā mema hapori: Czech Republic, Poland, Slovakia, Romania, Hungary, Serbia, Bulgaria, Montenegro, Croatia, Makeronia, Pōngia me Herekowina, Albania, Horowinia. I roto i te ora tōrangapū o enei whenua tākaro te tūranga o kaiwhakahaere. piri ētahi whenua te Pākehā Union, etahi kua ara hei te mau melo o NATO. Whenua ki ōhanga i whakawhiti, rite tautuhi i runga, i te kau te nuinga o ratou kei roto i te āhua mua raruraru-. I roto i te tīmatanga o nga nineties, eke ana ki runga ki te whakawhiti ki te ōhanga mākete i te whakaritea pū. Tino hohoro, i whakaurua enei hanganga i roto i Poland, atu āta i Hungary, te Czech Republic, Estonia, Slovenia, āta - i roto i Ukraine, Romania, Bulgaria me Peraruhia.