Te hinonga ohaoha whakahaere: whakaahuatanga, momo me ngā āhuatanga

kaiwhakaari ōhanga He takitahi ranei rōpū pāpori mahi i roto i te ako o te ao, me ona taonga, me mahi i runga i a ratou i roto i te akoranga o ratou mahi. kia ratou: takitahi, te utuafare, ngā rōpū pāpori, hinonga, kāwanatanga, me te pera i runga i. kaiwhakaari Economic hanga whakatau, maka ana ki mahi ratou pūkenga, he kawenga mo nga hua o to ratou mahi. A feruri i atu ratou pū.

āhuatanga General

I teie mahana, te mahi o nga hinonga ōhanga katoa he tino motuhake. Ko ti'aturi i runga i te tūranga mahi ratou i roto i etahi tikanga o mua, e rerekē wehe whanaunga, te aroaro o tauira o whanonga kouma, mana motuhake, me te whakapumautia ture. ka karanga rave rahi puna o hinonga whanaketanga ōhanga māngai. I roto i tenei take e korero tatou e pā ana ki te whakahaere i te tangata mahi i runga i mo o tangata, ngä pakihi, ngā mahi mahinga ranei. E whakawhiti tika ngā mahi ki te kaupapa o te pūnaha ōhanga. Na ona āhuatanga, i roto i te tahuri, te whakatau i te pau o ratou mahi. Hei tauira, he hinonga pakihi (kaporeihana, pātuitanga) whakarato putanga ki te whai i tona whakatinanatanga i roto i te mākete koloa mo te whakaaro o te kimi i moni. Fakatatau ki ai, mahi reira hei hinonga ohaoha ōhanga. I te wa taua ki reira kia kia hapori pai-kore. Ka taea e hoki ratou whai wāhi i roto i te hanga o taonga, engari mo ratou ake kohi. Enei kaiwhakaari o te pūnaha ōhanga mahi rite te mau melo o te rāngai mākete-kore.

whare

He te kaha ki te hanga whakatau e pā ana ki te kounga me te nui o te kohi o painga tīariari, ki puna o te moni hoko ratou. Whare hei kaituku me rangatira o te hanga āhuatanga. Ko ētahi o ēnei:

• Reipa.
• rauemi pūtea.
• pāmu Production.
• whenua Real, whenua, me te pera i runga i.

kia mahi i te takitahi rite te whare, ki te ora ia anake ka e wahi, mo te tauira, ki te production / ahuwhenua (tangata ahu whenua). Ka rite ki taea te whakaaro te reira hapori, whānau, me te pera i runga i. Ko te āhuatanga matua i roto i tenei take, ka mahi rite riko.

pū

Whare, me te tahi atu kaiwhakaari ōhanga, hei rua kaihoko me kaihoko. I roto i ngā, i te mākete o te hanga āhuatanga he implementers (kaimahi). I roto i te wahi tuatahi, i roto i tenei take, hoko e ratou i te kaha ki te mahi. I tua atu, enei kaupapa o ngā mahi ōhanga taea whakarato haehae whakapaipai free rawa ranei. I roto i tenei ara, whai pai ratou. Mai i te moni whiwhi, ko te pūtea kiritaki whare. Ka rite ki te pūtake o te pai, kia rite ki te tikanga, tavini te reira utu. Ko te reira i te moni tauwehe, te uara o e rerekē, i runga i te mahi rānei. Whare tohatoha pai i waenganui i ora, me te kohi o nāianei.

kamupene

Tenei hinonga ohaoha ko te hinonga ture, mahi hoki te hanga me te hanga o te taonga (hua), mahi me ngā ratonga. I roto i te mau parau te tahi atu, whakatau te kamupene ki te tuku i te taonga mo te hoko i runga i te pūtake o te faaohiparaa o te rauemi e te hunga i roto i ona ake tikanga, me te hokona i runga i ngā āhuatanga mākete. Ka rite ki kiritaki o ngā ratonga me ngā hua, ki te hanga i tētahi kamupene, ko nga whare, te kāwanatanga, ētahi atu kamupene, tae atu tāwāhi. whakaaro te pūtake o te u te ki hei tona hua. Kei roto te reira i utu mo te tuku o taonga utu, me te pai i nei ki te kawe i roto i atu ngā mahi ōhanga.

Āhuatanga o te hinonga

E kawea utu i te taha o te rironga o te hanga āhuatanga, hei ona utu. I te wa ano, i whai ahua ai ratou i nga rerenga utu, moni, moni reti, me era atu mea. I roto i te mākete o taonga hangaia hanga tenei hinonga ōhanga te tuku. I roto i tenei take, mahi reira rite te kaihoko whanake he kaupapa here utu etahi i roto i runga i te tikanga ngā. Ko te pai roaa e te u, tetahi wahi whakawhiti ki te āhua i roto i te puka o te tāke tangohia pānga (i te momo rangatōpū o whakahaere) i roto i te puka o pānga, me te whakahaua ki te roha o te hanga (haumi).

utu obligatory

Me utu ia hinonga ohaoha takoha. Ka taea e waiho ratou hāngai ranei. Ko nga takoha e kua utua hāngai i moni te tuatahi. E hanga utu autaki ara i roto i aua wā i reira e kore e te kamupene riro moni. E whakaurua ratou i roto i te utu o te production. takoha hāngai, i roto i ngā, ngā tikanga mau ohipa, Takahanga, mau ohipa Ekisia me pera i runga i. I roto i tenei take, te āhua whakarato etahi painga ki hinonga. Ka taea e Pakihi riro subvention, tāpiri, moni. Mā te whakamahi i enei moni, kei te whakatinana i te State he kaupapa here öhanga e hāngai ana ture i te mahi o hinonga ngā i roto i te whenua.

puka mana

Runga anō i a ratou, emit momo rerekē o kamupene. kaimahi puka takitahi rite te pūtake mō te hanga i te utuafare hinonga tūmataiti ranei. Ko tūturu ki te momo o ngā pātuitanga, pātuitanga, kamupene (Ltd., PLC) taonga Collective. He hoki puka kāwanatanga, me te terenga. He āhuatanga o te pai-kore, hinonga kotahitanga me whakahaere (rōpū, turanga me ētahi atu) ratou.

kāwanatanga

Kei te whai whakaaro mai hoki te reira rite te hinonga ohaoha. Ka rite ki te āhuatanga matua o ona mahi paheke o te moni. Kei te whakatinana te reira i roto i te Central Bank. Te Central Bank, rite te whakahaere tūmatanui, ano regulates rerenga pūtea. Ko te rerekē haere o te State taea e rua kaihoko me te kaihoko. I roto i te mākete o te hanga āhuatanga, riro te hinonga ohaoha nga rauemi katoa e tika ana mo te mahi o ona hanganga. Acting rite te kaihoko kaiwhakarëti ranei, hokona te kāwanatanga whakarato mo te whakamahi poto o ngā hua e hua hinonga kāwanatanga-fatuhia ranei. I tua atu, kohikohi reira takoha i te tahi atu ngā ōhanga, whakarato ratou ki painga, taurangi, takuhe, āwhina a.

kaupapa here kāwanatanga

Acting rite te tinana matua mō te whakahaere i te ōhanga, whakaaro mahi kāwanatanga i rua nga taumata tonotono me moroiti. kia kaupapa here State kia arotahi ki runga i maximization toko i te ora motu i roto i te tika iti kaha. Hei wāhanga o Microeconomics tātari te pānga o te kāwanatanga i runga i ngā kaupapa motuhake :. Manufacturers, kaihoko, kaihoko, me ētahi atu I te taumata tonotono te whakatau tata i te reira pānga i runga i te pikinga, mahi pakihi, kore mahi, me te pera i runga i.

Ko te mahi matua o te kāwanatanga

He maha o ngā āhuatanga e kua mohio e te kāwanatanga, e arotahi ana ki te tiaki me te whanaketanga o te ōhanga. Ko ētahi o ēnei, i roto i ngā:

1. Whakarato i tētahi anga ture, me te hanganga o te huru pāpori e whai wāhi ki te mahi pai o te mākete.
2. Protection o whakataetae.
3. Whakarite i te Tuhinga o te moni, me te taonga.
4. Ko te stabilization o te āhuatanga ōhanga. Tenei mahi tā te aroturuki i te taumata o te mahi me te pikinga, ki te whakaongaonga mahi tupu.
5. Wkakariteritenga o tohatoha rauemi i roto i te tikanga ki te huri i te hanganga o te hua motu.

Ko te whakatinanatanga o te hōtaka kāwanatanga

E faatiti'aifarohia te mahi o te whakarite i te anga ture o te ōhanga mākete i roto i te whakataki o etahi ture o mahi. kia arahina ratou e ngā katoa i roto i te pāhekoheko ki kiritaki. Whakaaetia e te ture kāwanatanga e pā ana ki te whakatau i te pā o ngā tika rawa, ture o whanaunga i waenganui i ngā umanga, te aukati i runga i te whakatinanatanga o te raau taero haavare me hua. I roto i ngā tuhinga ture rite whakaritea e te paerewa tapanga, te kounga hua, taunahatanga hoki kore ki te tautuku ki ngā kirimana, me te pera i runga i.

mutunga

Ko te pūmautanga o te whakawhanake i te kāwanatanga kāwanatanga, me te whakatinana i ngā hōtaka mō te haumarutanga pāpori, whakatakoto ana te nui iti o te utu, hua kore mahi. Ko te āhua tino whakahaere te taumata o utu, whakatika ratou ki te whakapiki ake i te moni o te tahi mau kāwai o tangata. Whakapūmau i te ōritetanga me te whakataetae kore utu, te hanganga o ngā āhuatanga i roto i nei e taea ki te ite ratou pūmanawa kaiwhakaari katoa i roto i te tukanga ōhanga - e whakaaro ki te waiho i te mahi matua o te kāwanatanga. Hoki ratou whakatinanatanga e whakawhanakehia he momo o ngā hōtaka. I te wa ano, kia whakatairanga i te āhua te ētahi o te pūtea. Ki te mahi i tenei, whakaturia nga reiti tāke rerekëtanga. Mā te taputapu ōhanga, me te pūtea, regulates te kāwanatanga te tohatoha o hua e te tikanga o te wawaotanga hāngai, me te autaki i roto i te mahi o te hanganga mākete. Nā ki te pūnaha tāke ngā, me te roto i whakapaunga tūmatanui i runga i te haumaru pāpori atu me te ake o te moni motu tonoa te i te mau melo o te āhua taonga tahuri ki te āhua rawakore. I roto i tenei tukanga, Heoi, ko te tūranga matua no ki whare me pakihi. mahi ratou rite te puna o hua pūtea. Manufacturers hua taonga, whakarato ratonga me te mahi i te mahi, te whakarato taonga tūmatanui e tika ana.