Te philosopho Hurai Martin Buber: biography, te ora, auahatanga me te ngā meka

Martin Buber - te humanist Hurai nui me te philosopho, me te pai-mohiotia ahua tūmatanui, me te karakia. Ko te rangirua tenei tuakiri, he reira tino uaua. whakaaro ētahi kairangahau ia he theorist, te kaiwhakarewa o Zionism. Etahi karanga kaupapa existential o te nui tuatahi. Ko wai i mau Martin (Mororekai) Buber? ka tona koioranga me nga mahi matua kia whakatapua ki to tatou tuhinga.

i ora ai philosopho te roa, engari te rawakore ngā ora waho. Ko, ahakoa, ko ia te kaupapa o maha mahi haurongo me rangahau. Ko te ao rongonui ingoa o Buber. Kua mahi ia i roto i mara ngā o te ahurea. Āwangawanga kore te kaupapa anake o oraraa tangata, engari ano hoki mātauranga, toi, pāpori, tōrangapū, karakia (ngā Studies Paipera). Tona mahi i runga i Hasidism iritihia ki reo maha. Ko te kaipānui Russian he kore he pera nui e wātea ana nga mahi o te tangata tohe. heoi i whakawhiti ratou ki "toi Hurai", "Renewal Hurai" me te maha o ngā tuhinga. I roto i te hitu ahuru, a ka tukuna ratou ki te moni motuhake. tāia mahi a Buber i ka uru i roto i tangata Soviet ahu whakamua i roto i te samizdat.

Haurongo Martina Bubera. , Me te houkuratanga

whanau Mororekai i (Martin) Buber i Vienna runga tanguru 8, 1878 i roto i te utuafare Hurai tika whai. kihai i ara e toru nga tau o te tamaiti, i whakarerea ana matua. ka mau te papa tana tama ki a Lemberg (tenei ra Lviv, Ukraine), ko wai i reira wahi o te Austro-Hungarian Empire. Ko tenei pa te kāinga ki te tīpuna i taha o te papa o Martin - Horomona me Adele. Horomona Buber (mate ia i roto i 1906) ko te tuaana taonga. Otiia ko ia rongonui i roto i Lviv te kore reira, a ka ko e he tohunga anaana i roto i te midrash tuhi. Na reira he mana nui i roto i te hapori Hasidic i Lviv. Koroua me te tamaiti Hare te aroha o Hiperu te reo. Ia mooni whakatuwheratia ona tatau i roto i te ngakau o te ao ātahu me ngaro o te Hasidism - ngā fakalotu e puta i roto i te rau tau waenganui-waru i roto i nga Hurai o Eastern Europe. Kuia pānui tuhaa tamaiti i te Kabbalah, me tona koroua whakaako ia Hiperu, tuu he aroha o te tuhinga me te karakia.

Hasidism me te rapunga whakaaro o te kōrero Martin Buber

I roto i Lviv ako philosopho heke mai e pā ana ki te "karakia" porohiraiti. Ko te kaiwhakarewa o Hasidism, Iharaira Paara Hema Tov, whakapono kore ko e whakapono pono i roto i te mau haapiiraa o te Talmud, a i roto i te tāpiritanga ki te Atua ki o tatou ngakau katoa, wairua miharo putanga ita o te pure wera, me te aau tae sinó na'e. tupu ana tēnei matakite fakalotu kōrero tika ki te Kaihanga o te Universe. Na reira, kei te neke atu i waho rāhui fakangatangata o porohiraiti te Hasidim. Ko te hunga e tonu paraparau ki te Atua, tsadiks i te kaha ki te poropiti me clairvoyance. Ēnei iwi karakia te āwhina me te tahi atu taringa Hasidim ora me te purenga i te hara. Tenei ao fakamisiteli, me te pūngāwerewere katoa o tino te awe te taitamariki Martin Buber. I roto i tona pukapuka, "taku ara ki Hasidism" ta ia e te kau i roto i te kitenga i te uho o akonoanga katoa tangata. Tenei kōrero, kōrero ki te Atua, ko te hononga i waenganui i ahau me koe.

Mātauranga. tau taiohi

hanga tino e ko tona mokopuna he mātauranga ngingila koroua tuaana. I waru, piri Martin Buber te whakaako o te University o Vienna. I puta ia, tonu e ia tona mātauranga i roto i ngā kura tiketike i roto i Zurich ko Leipzig. I te University o Berlin ko ana kaiako Dilthey me Georg Simmel. I te rua tekau tau, ka te tangata taitama hiahia i roto i Zionism. Ko ara ia he māngai ki te Tolu Congress o te kaupapa Hurai. I te iwa mahi rau me te tuatahi tau rite te ētita Zionist o te wiki "De Welt". A, no te wahia te rōpū, Buber, e noho i taua wa i roto i Berlin, whakaturia tona whare whakaputa ake i huaina "Yudisher Verlag". tukua te reira i te pukapuka Hurai i roto i te Tiamana. Kaua e tukua ake tamariki moni i roto i ngā take Hasidism. whakawhitia e ia ki Tiamana te raupapa o ngā kōrero, me whakarite o Rapi Nachman o Bratslav. I muri mai mahi Hasidism kanga "Koka raua ko Makoka" (1941), "Ko e Maama o te ngaro" (1943), me te "Pardes ha hasidut". Buber utu te rota o te whakarongo me te mahi pāpori.

Zionism me te hapori

I roto i te 1916, ka Martin Buber te ētita i roto i te tino o te marama "Der Jude". kua meinga tenei whakaputanga te auvaha parau o te whakaoranga i te pae varua Hurai. whakaturia e ia te Hurai Komiti National, e i te timatanga o te Ao Tuatahi māngai nga ngākau nuitanga o te Eastern Pākehā Yishuv. Na hopea, i roto i 1920, whakatakoto te tangata tohe tona tūranga pāpori. karangatia e ia a ratou i roto i Prague Zionist Congress. he rite i roto i te tangi ki te piha haapiiraa no te hapori tēnei tūranga. Ki te whakaaro ki te pātai motu, whakaaturia Buber "te rongo me te teina ki te iwi Arab," tohe fakataha tahi Iwi e rua "i runga i te whenua noa hou." Tūnga ahau - koe, he kōrero i reira e taea ia taha rongo me te matau i te "parau mau" o te tahi atu, i hanga te pūtake o te kaupapa o te whakaaro.

Pakanga II o te Ao me te tau i muri mai

I roto i te wā i waenganui i te pakanga e rua, mahi Buber i te University o Frankfurt. mahi ia rite te ahorangi i roto i te tari o matatika, me te kaupapa o nga Hurai. A, no te te mana i roto i te toru tekau-toru ka haere mai te National Socialists, ngaro te philosopho tona mahi. I maoro, i takoha ia ki te rere i Siamane ki Switzerland. Otiia i muri mai ka neke ia ki a i taua whenua ki te noho kūpapa i roto i te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao. Martin Buber, e faahiti te coexistence rangimarie i waenganui i nga Hurai, me te Palestinians, aue, ko "he reo i roto i te koraha e karanga ana", oho ki Hiruharama. I roto i tenei pa tapu, me te tangata tohe i ora ia i te tau 1938 ki te 1965. mate ia Hune 13 i te tau o waru tekau-whitu. I roto i a Iharaira, mahi Buber rite te orometua i te tari o te pāpori i te University o Hiruharama. I roto i te tīmatanga o nga Heoi, riro ia te taitara hōnore o te tuatahi te peresideni o te Iharaira Academy o Sciences.

huarahi tikanga tangata ki te rapunga whakaaro o Martin Buber

I tonu te ākonga, tohe lelei uru i roto i te kōrero tamarikitanga Nietzschean. i Kāore ki a ia te ako o te rangatira, me te mano, "te tangata iti". Heoi, ua ite ia e tamata Nietzsche ki te hoatu i te aronga te raruraru o te oraraa tangata ahurei i roto i te ao i reira "kore te Atua ki te iwi i roto i tona aroaro." Heoi, kia whakatutuki ai i runga i te pūtake o te uara o te tangata ia, whakaaro Martin Buber. "Ko te raruraru o te tangata" - he matua he mahi polemical i roto i nei i te pūtaiao faaino Nietzsche mau marôraa. "Ko te pai ai ki te kaha" taea kore, i roto i tona whakaaro, te mahi rite te marama arahi mo tuakiri kaha me wairua free. Tenei huarahi e anake arahi ki tonotono nui. I roto i te kōrero a Nietzsche, me te i raro i te mana o Dilthey ko Ziemer, ana kaiako, i roto i pakari tona ariā ake a Buber o mātauranga tikanga.

Martin Buber, "koe ko ahau": whakarāpopoto

Tenei mahi, o te akoranga, e taea te huaina nga mahi taumauri matua o te whakaaro. e te reira i Buber i pā ana pauna rerekē "ahau - te reira", me "e ahau - koe". Anake i roto i te take whakamutunga, te kōrero ka taea, pāhekoheko ora kōrero. A, no te pā he tangata ki te tahi mea te tangata ranei rite "reira" tahuri te whakamahi utilitarian. Ko te tangata - e kore te reira i te tikanga, me te whāinga. Pā ana ki tetahi rite i roto i "koe" homai te kaiuru i roto i te kōrero o te pae varua, te natura tino. Bronis³aw Malinowski whakaurua wā "mana" rerekē haere Philosophical. Ko tenei he kupu Kiwa tika whakaata te mana'o doreligioznogo te matauranga, ongo'i kaha kitea e maua e te tangata, he kararehe, he rakau, a tae noa te āhuatanga o te kaupapa. E ai ki a Buber, enei momo e rua o te whanaungatanga hoatu ara ki ātete ariā o te ao. O te akoranga, kua kite i te tangata uaua ki te noho tonu i roto i te āhua o "ahau - koe". Ko te tetahi e pā tonu ki te ao i waho rite "reira" mona i tona wairua.

Religious

Ko tētahi atu mahi taketake, nei i tuhituhi Martin Buber - "rua whakapakoko o te whakapono." I roto i tenei pukapuka, manatu te tangata tohe ana wheako tamarikitanga o tomo ana ki te ao o te mystic, he iti titorehanga o Hasidism. rerekē ia tona Talmudic porohiraiti. Ko reira taea hoki ki te wehewehe i waenganui i rua huarahi taketake ki te whakapono. Tuatahi, pistis - he kouma "Kariki" huarahi. I roto i tenei tikanga, whakapono - tangohia ki ngā mōhiohio whakaaro. kia kia huaina te reira te matauranga noa "whakapae pūtaiao" ranei. whakapono taua "Pistis" whakakeke "whakapono". Kei te hāngai te reira i runga i whakawhirinaki, aroha ora, te faatura ki te Atua kia rite ki "koe." Buber kāmataga pehea wawe Karaitiana āta whakarere ana i te te wairua te Bibilia e pā ana ki te ngakau, tikanga-tirohanga o te Metua i te Ao, ki te pono mārika te Ekalesia me ona tauira huinga mate.

mysticism

I roto i te whare wānanga o Zurich ko Vienna, Martin Buber, ko tona kaupapa, ko te atu hinaaro ki existentialism, psychoanalysis whakarongo akoranga. Ko hiahia i roto i te huru taata tangata i roto i ona āhuatanga katoa ia. e kore ngā whakaaro mysticism kaipūtaiao kite rite te māuiuitanga hinengaro. Ko te kaupapa o tona tuhinga täkutatanga ko he ako whānui o te kaupapa o meister Eckhart me Yakoba Bome. i enei German mysticism mutunga anotau Middle he mana nui i runga i Buber. Ka rite ki te ākonga o Dilthey, tamata philosopho ki te kia whakamahia ki te wheako fakalotu o te whakama Dominican Eckhart. Hoki te manene katoa o te ripeneta me te nohopuku, mea katoa e whakaū te keresetiano, he reira o kahore uara ki te kore tetahi e rapu i tahitanga ki te Atua. kerēme hoki Boehme e kia roto nga whakahau ki kia tuhituhia i runga i nga papa o te ngakau, a kahore e waho rite Tokāteliné.

«Pūrākau Chassidic»

au Mystic i roto i nga Hurai - ko reira he weriweri, ki i gravitated te mutunga o te ora Martin Buber. Pukapuka o Hassidism tenei kaituhi kua whakamaoritia ki reo maha. I roto i a ratou, tamata ia ki te whakakitea whakapono rite kōrero ki te Atua, kia rite ki te whakawhirinaki ora i roto i te Kaihanga. Ko te mahi whakamutunga ko te "iho Chassidic." Kua te reo Russian kua whakamaoritia anake te tuatahi o tona rōrahi. I roto i tenei pukapuka, ka hoatu e Buber Hasidism whakapakoko hou - he momo tuhituhi. whakakitea Atua te i roto i te raupapa o te māia ki te korero i te aamu. Anake i roto i tenei ara, kia rite ki a Martin Buber, te taea o te haamauraa i piriti kōrero i waenganui i te tangata me te "sacrum", i waenganui i "e ahau" me "koe." Kua tēnei huarahi kua whakahē e Kerehoma Scholem, te kaiwhakarewa o te ako mātauranga o te kaupapa ita i roto i nga Hurai. whakapono ia e waiho Buber te kainga tupu taumauri o Hasidism.