Te piro nui: mahi me te hanganga

Ko te pūnaha kūnatu o te tangata, e ngā te kopirua, āhuatanga e te whānuitanga o ngā hanganga me ngā mahi o ona tari ngā. He uaua ki te whakatau disorders kūnatu, e pānga te arotau, me te whai huatanga o āpiha me tikanga haumanu. Ko reira kahore ngaro e ki te ino o te taiao kaiao, me te te huru mākahi o te tangata ki to ratou hauora, ake i roto i te maha o mate gastrointestinal i roto i te ao. Ratou maha riro ma'i, whakaiti i te roa me te kounga o te ora te tangata. te whāinga o tēnei tuhinga ki te whakamārama i roto i ngā faingofua te hanganga me te mahi o te whēkau iti me te nui o te tangata me te ki waia ki te disorders tino noa i roto i te mahi o te wahi gastrointestinal.

āhuatanga General o te pūnaha kūnatu

Ka taea te whakaritea tana mahi ki te wheketere nui mo te tukatuka o te kai, tona wāhinga, whakawhenumi me te whakamahi o ngā rauemi. Ia pūnaha tari tauhohe matüora motuhake anoo e pā ana i te täoro o whākōkī me matū kaha biologically, pērā i huaora.

hanganga kopirua me mahi o nei e ako tatou, physiologically whakaaro rite te hinonga whai wāhi i roto i te secretion, nakunaku, absorption me te tango o ngā rauemi i te wāhanga o runga. Hei matau te āhuatanga, te tuatahi, whakaaroa te te whēkau nui.

whēkau nui

I taka histological e mārama kitea 4 papa: mucous, submucosal, uaua, me te serous. whakarato rātou i te mahi matua o te whēkau nui o te tangata: ko te hanganga o te lymphocytes e tākaro he wāhi tiaki i roto i te kōtuitui o huaora B me te huaora K ki tipu kitakita painga, hūpē production, whakapiki i te whakatairanga o te chyme. Ko tētahi o nga mahi nui o te kopirua he absorption o te wai me te rongoā o matū waro, me te pararopi, ārahi ki te hanganga o te chyme fecal.

Ko te Morphology o te kopirua

He he roa o 1.5 m me te te wehea ki ono wahi: cecum ki tāpiritanga, e piki, hake, e heke iho, me te sigmoid kopirua, me tōu. Ko te aroaro o toru whenu uaua roa, haere i roto i te kōpiro nui, a ka whakarato mayatnikovoobraznye contractions peristaltic ona taiepa. I te palpation, ngāwari pāngia te kopirua no e ratou membrane mucous te puka o te roha kē me te hukihuki. E hanga e ratou i roto i nga wahi i reira e whakahuatia te uaua mowhiti whēkau tino kaha. Hoki oti atu kapinga o nga mahi o te kopirua tangata whakaaro rawa tona wāhanga tuatahi.

cecum

Kei roto i te wahi iliac matau o te peritoneum, te mea he roa o te 3 ki te 10 cm, me he rite ki te putea. Mai i te hoki o te tāpiritanga rau. Ko te taiepa o te cecum te huna hoki whākōkī pērā i secretin, i roto i nei digested chyme. Hoki te riro te reira wai i te taikaha.

Kei Tāpiritanga mikrouzelki mahi i runga i te mahi ārai paruru. Reira he hoki te whanaketanga kaha o te microflora painga. Ko te pathologies tino auau ngā typhlitis cecum, tāpiritanga, te pukupuku, me te polyps.

Rising me kopirua hake

Ko ratou he hokohoko atu o te cecum me e kore e huna whākōkī kūnatu, engari anake whai wāhi i roto i te absorption o rongoā te wai, me te tote. arata'i tenei ki raungaitinga o te chyme me te hanganga o tona feces. Colon, Ko matua i roto i te hōneatanga o ngā toenga kai pukupuku nei mahi he whakaiti: tika (ate) ka mahue (kōateate) e pā ana ki te kopirua hake. tona mahi - hūpē hanga me te absorption o te wai me te electrolytes. Diseases e pā ana ki te kopirua e piki he diverticulosis, polyps, megacolon aganglionarny (mate o Hirschsprung), colitis.

kopirua hake he te roa rahi. Mai i runga ake he reira i roto i te whakapā ki te ate, gallbladder, kōateate me te taiaki hiawero Tari. tonu ona taiepa ki te whakarato i hūpē me te mimiti te wai, me te kohuke tai.

Nakunaku i roto i te kōpiro nui

Kawea atu te whakawhetai ki te whākōkī o te wai intestinal: cathepsin, peptidase, lipase, amylase. Ko e pā ana ki 200 nga wa i raro i taua o nga whākōkī hāngai ratou mahi o te whēkau iti. Tino nui ko reira te meka. He aha te wāhinga tukanga i roto i te kopirua titau te aroaro o probiotics - rōpū microorganisms decomposing cellulose. Ko ētahi o ēnei bifidobacteria, lactobacilli.

I roto i te kōpiro nui o te katoa taimaha o 3-5 kg me te huaina te microflora intestinal. faarahi te reira i te secretion o te wai kūnatunga, pānga te pūmua, me te kohuke pākia, whai wāhi i roto i te hanganga o te wātea i te mate. Ko te kopirua, e mahi huaina tatou, ko te physiologically hauora ki te whärite ona tukanga pūkoro tinana o te FERMENTATION me putrefaction. Kia puta ke microflora hanganga (hei tauira, ka kore te mana ranei e tika ana ki rongoā, ngā paturopi) e whakahohe me whakatika mate huakita putrefactive: colitis, dysbacteriosis, dyspepsia.

Te heke me te sigmoid kopirua

Ko te wahi rohe flexure splenic ko e pā ana ki te 30 cm te roa, e whakawhānui tukanga wai me te kawehiko absorption, me te whakatairanga feces. Kei te karanga a te reira i te kopirua heke. I roto i te wahi o te whakaritenga hiwi o te Illium he wahi o ia i te ngā sphincter. Next, whakaaro ki ta te mahi o te kopirua i roto i te wahi whakamutunga o te tari kopirua i huaina sigmoid kopirua. Ko reira wāhanga turanga. Ki te, i roto i tona palpation haruru te rongo, te tikanga o te reira i e i puta te mumura sigmoid kopirua, tahi e te haaputuputuraa o te tirotiro wai me te hau. I roto i te reira, pera i roto i te kopirua hake, ko maha he whakaiti i roto i te motility, e arata'i ki te āhuatanga o te kōroke - whēkau mate hukihuki kaupapa roa. Ko reira i roto i enei wahi o te kopirua, e mahi - waka, me te hōneatanga o tāoke - puka te kumete, ka haere ki te tōu.

Disorders o te sigmoid whai nunu'a mamafa mō te hauora tangata. A, no te mumura reira (colitis sigmoid ranei) pāngia ki te korere me te cramping mauiui i roto i te wahi iliac mahue o te peritoneum. E haere tahi ana ratou na roto i te bloating me te paowa. Physiologically kia faingataa tautau whakaiti noa me te nekehanga peristaltic i roto i te kopirua sigmoid tika ki te āhua sedentary, kai pokanoa, me kaka huawhenua muka-mauriora. Ko te hua o enei maumaui me he kōroke, e tika ana ki te poisoning o te rauropi katoa. I roto i te kopirua sigmoid, te hanganga gryzhepodobnyh peke - protrusions, hua i roto i te whanaketanga o te diverticulosis. Ko reira atu noa i roto i te paari, ngā ki syndrome whēkau pukukino. Ko tōna tohu ngā tauutuutu kōroke me korere, whakapairuaki, kirika. Ka taea te faingataa te mate i te whēwhē, a ko tino mōrearea.

tōu

Ko reira te mutunga o te awa kūnatu. Ko tōna moni ki te 15 dyne cm. Ko te kopirua, i ngā mahi i roto i tenei wahi o te wahi gastrointestinal ko te tango o feces mutu awa whero me te nono. Ko te tōu Ko te sphincters: te tuatahi i runga i te rohe ki te kopirua sigmoid, kua karangatia e te toru e whai ake nei proximal, te noho roto, o waho. Kua whai wāhi katoa o ratou i roto i te tukanga physiologically noa o defecation. He taiepa ki indentations, huaina sinuses whero te kahu mucous o te tōu.

I waenganui ia ratou ko te nono, ko te wahi annular - rohe hemorrhoidal. I roto i te reira, te whakawhetai ki te apa submucosa, pea he mānukanuka iti me te displacement o te mucosa, Inia whiri tōiti pera rectal me uaua. e kore tapo'i waho rectal Vienna, kia maha whakawhānui ona taiepa - arata'i tenei ki te stagnation me te mahuetanga ahua hemorrhoidal. he wāhi i roto i te wātea i te mate i te pūnaha lymphatic o te tōu me ārai te horapa o te mate.

I roto i tenei tuhinga uiuia maua te hanganga me ngā mahi matua o te kopirua.