Te waehere ira ao

Ko te waehere ira - ko te whakamunatanga mōhiohio tuku motuhake mā te whakamahi i ngā rāpoi ngota o waikawa karihi. I runga i tenei mōhiohio ā ira tika te mana ariā o pūmua me whākōkī i roto i te tinana, reira te tāutu i pākia. I roto i te tahuri, meinga te hanganga o te pūmua takitahi me ratou mahi e te wāhi me te hanganga o waikawa amino - te wae hanganga o te rāpoi ngota pūmua.

I roto i te waenganui o te rau tau whakamutunga kua reira kua tāutuhia ira, e he wahi motuhake o te waikawa deoxyribonucleic (haapotohia - DNA). hononga nucleotides i roto i te puka o ngā rāpoi ngota DNA whenu rua āhuatanga, kohia i roto i te puka o te tōrino.

Kua kitea Scientists he hononga i waenganui i te ira me te hanganga matū o pūmua takitahi, te ngako o e ngā i roto i te meka e te tikanga hanganga o te waikawa amino i roto i te rāpoi ngota pūmua tino hāngai ki te tikanga o nucleotides i te ira. Ka pumau tenei hononga, faaoti nga kairangahau ki te kīa te waehere ira, arā, ki te whakatū i te ture o te tikanga hanganga e hāngai ana o nucleotides i roto i te DNA me te amino waikawa i roto i te pūmua.

E wha anake momo o nucleotides:

1) A - adenine;

2) G - guanine;

3) T - thymidylic;

4) D - cytidylic.

Ko te hanganga o nga momo o waikawa amino faufaa o te pūmua e rua tekau ngā. Ki te deciphering o te waehere ira, i reira nga fifi no te mea tawhiti iti nucleotides atu aminoskislot. I roto i whakaoti tenei raruraru, kua reira kua fokotu'u e whakawaeheretia waikawa amino i ngā rerekē o toru nucleotides (huaina te codon triplet ranei).

Ki te tātai tatou ngā katoa taea o te demoni oia e kia 64, arā, e toru ngā wā neke atu i te waikawa amino - tahuri te reira i roto i nga te demoni i te taikaha.

I tua atu, ko reira tika ki te whakamārama rite pehea e kei te demoni haere te ira. Heoi i reira e toru ngā rōpū matua o ariā:

1) whai te demoni ia atu tonu, i.e. te hanga i te waehere tonu;

2) Kei te whakaritea te demoni tētahi "horihori" wahi, i.e. i hanga te pera-ka karanga "piko" me "kōwae" i roto i te waehere;

3) Kia īnaki te demoni, i.e. mutunga o te triplet tuatahi taea hanga te timatanga o te muri.

I reira whakamahi te nuinga te ariā o te waehere tonu.

waehere ira me ona āhuatanga

1) he waehere triplet - ngā reira o ngā noho o te nucleotides toru hanga codons.

2) He i näianei te waehere ira - ko reira te putanga o tona triplet. kia whakawaeheretia Kotahi waikawa amino i neke atu i te kotahi codon rite codon i runga i tātaitanga pāngarau, e toru nga wa neke atu i te waikawa amino. He maha ngā codons whakamutunga mahi etahi mahi: kia waiho etahi "tohu mutu" e kua programmed production mutu waikawa amino mekameka, i kia tohu ētahi atu te tomokanga o te waehere pānui.

3) Ko unambiguous te waehere ira - Ka taea e ia codon ōrite kotahi anake waikawa amino.

4) He waehere iranga collinearity, i.e. mārama hāngai te nucleotide, me te waikawa amino raupapa ki tahi i te tahi.

5) Ko tuhia tonu waehere me te he kiato e ngaro, "tito noa" nucleotides. E haamata te reira na roto i te tautuhi i te triplet, whakakapia nei e whai i te mutu-kore, me te mutu ki te codon whakamutunga.

6) Ko te ao te waehere ira - tetahi ira kaiao whakawaehere hoki pūmua rite te taua. e kore e whakawhirinaki te reira i runga i te taumata o te whīwhiwhi o te whakahaere o te tūnga kaiao pūnaha ranei.

kōrero pūtaiao Modern e whakatika tonu te waehere iranga ki runga ki te whanau o te kaiao hou o te mea wheua. huringa Random me ngā tukanga o te whanaketanga kia taea tetahi kōwhiringa waehere, arā kia interchanged waikawa amino i roto i tetahi tikanga. He aha i roto i te akoranga o te kukuwhatanga kua ora rite tenei ahua o te waehere, he aha he ao te waehere me he hanganga rite? haapii te atu pūtaiao e pā ana ki te āhuatanga o te waehere ira, te atu ko reira o mea ngaro hou.