Tepu Utaina mō te taura ripeka-wāhanga: kōwhiringa, tātaitanga

Ko te kōwhiringa tika o te wāhanga ripeka o te waea tei runga i te whakamarie, me te haumaru o te kāinga. A, no te ngāwari kaiwhakahaere overheated me mātao kia oplavitsya, hua i roto i te ahi i te ara iahiko poto ranei. Otiia ki te-wāhanga ripeka o neke atu i te tika te tango huakore, rite te utu o nga piki taura.

Ko te tikanga, tei reira ki runga i te maha o kiritaki, i te tuatahi te whakatau i te katoa te mana whakamahia flat, a ka nui te hua i te 0.75. tono te tepu EMP te kawenga i runga i te wāhanga ripeka o te taura. Ka rite ki taea te ngāwari whakaritea reira kaiwhakahaere diameter, e tei runga i te rauemi, me te haere i te nāianei. Tikanga, Kei te whakamahia waea parahi.

Ko te-wāhanga ripeka o te conductors taura me e ōrite ki rite tatau - i roto i te ahunga o te whakanui ake i te whānuitanga rahi paerewa. Ko te tino mōrearea i te mea e iti rawa. Katahi ka overheated tonu te kaiwhakahaere, me te wehe hohoro kore. A, ki te tāuta e koe te kaiwahi i taiawhio e tika ana, katahi ka waiho he mahi auau.

A, no te pamû i te wāhanga o te waea, ka utu i te reira atu. Ahakoa he tika tetahi rahui no te mea i roto i te heke mai, kia rite ki te tikanga, he mea e tika ana ki te hono i te taputapu hou. He mea tika ki te whakamahi i te take haumaru o 1.5.

Tātaitanga o te mana katoa

taka flat ki te tāuru matua e haere ki roto ki te papahiko mana tāuru Tapeke, a i muri i te branched reira ki te raina:

• rama;
• rōpū putanga;
• taputapu nui motuhake.

Na reira, i te-wāhanga ripeka nui o te mana taura - i te tomokanga. I te e whakangau ke rārangi e heke, i runga i te kawenga rānei. I roto i te wahi tuatahi, whakaritea e te mana katoa o kawenga katoa. Ko reira e kore e uaua, rite te corps o taputapu te kāinga me te uruwhenua e tohua ai ki a ratou.

E tapiritia whakaurunga katoa. tātaitanga, me hoki ia iahiko rite hua. Tohunga whakaaro ki tini te moni i te take whakaiti o 0.75. Ko e tika ana ki te meka i ia kahore e whakaaro katoa i roto i te whatunga ngā tenei. Etahi whakahere he wāhanga tīpako o te rahi nui. Ka rite ki te hua, he kai mo te whakaaetanga muri o atu whakaaro hiko, e taea te hokona i roto i te heke mai. Me kï reira e tenei putanga o te tātaitanga o te taura, ko te atu pono.

Me pēhea te ki te whakatau i te rahi waea?

I roto i te tātaitanga katoa ngā wāhanga o te taura. I roto i te diameter ki te tautuhi i te reira māmā ki te tono koe i te tātai:

• S = π D² / 4;
• D = √ (4 × S / π).

Hea = π 3,14.

Ko te waea matua, ko te tuatahi e tika ana ki te tātai i te nui roa (N). Na i muri i i whakaritea te diameter i whanganga ano (D) o tetahi o ratou, ko te rohe motu:

S = N × D² / 1,27.

E whakamahia waea paea te wahi e hiahiatia ana te ngäwari te. Iti conductors mārō e whakamahia ana i roto i te tāutanga tū.

Me pēhea te ki te whiriwhiri i te taura o te kaha?

I roto i te tikanga ki te tiki ake i te waea, te tono tepu kawenga mō te taura ripeka-wāhanga:

• Ki te ko te aho tuwhera-faaitoitohia 220, me te mana katoa, ko te 4 Kw, kua tangohia parahi wāhanga kaiwhakahaere o 1.5 mm². Kei te nuinga whakamahia tenei rahi mō te rama waea.
• Ki te mana o te 6 Kw kaiwhakahaere hiahiatia ripeka-wāhanga nui - 2.5 mm². Kei te whakamahia te waea mō ngā turanga, e hono taputapu.
• titau 10 Kw waea ki 6 mm². Ko te tikanga, kua hangaia te reira mo te kīhini, te wahi te hono umu hiko. mahi tata te kawenga taua te i roto i te raina motuhake.

Ko tēhea taura Ko te pai?

Electricians pai-mohiotia German NUM waitohu cable mō te tari, me te wāhi noho. I roto i Russia, tukua te waitohu taura e te hunga i te āhuatanga i raro, ahakoa kia whai ratou i te taua ingoa. taea te kitea e ratou i nga koputaputa o te pūhui i roto i te wāhi i waenganui i te conductors ranei ona kore.

Te waea, me te multiwire nukurau tukua. Ia matua me te katoa te pvc miro kiriweti waho, i hanga ai te te filler therebetween nonflammable:

• Ko te kupu, whakamahia te taura NUM te roto rite mātao i runga i te huarahi ngaro e te rā.
• A, kia rite ki te waea hiko roto, o waho e whakamahia whānuitia VVG kōeke taura. Ko reira cheap me pono nui. Hoki te whakapanga iho i roto i te whenua e kore te mea e manakohia ana.
• hanga VVG waitohu waea te papatahi, me te a tawhio. e kore te mea e hāngai ana Filler i waenganui i otaota.
• hanga Cable VVGng-P-LS ki te anga waho e kore nei e tautoko i parariraa. Kua hanga nga otaota a tawhio ki wāhanga 16 mm² me runga ake - rängai.
• Waitohu taura PVS me SHVVP hanga paea me e te nuinga whakamahia ki te hono taputapu te kāinga. Kei te maha whakamahia te reira rite te waea hiko kāinga. e kore e tūtohu conductors waho paea e tika ana ki te waikura. Ano, te mātao i roto i piko kapiti i iti te pāmahana.
• I runga i te huarahi i raro me'ume'uraa whenua me taura Armoured e ātete ki te houku me AVBShv VBShv. Haana hanga o rua whitiki parahi, e faarahi te tika o te taura, a hanga ātete reira ki te ahotea aunoa.

Whakatau i o kawenga o nāianei

homai he hua tika atu te taura ripeka mana wāhanga tātai me nāianei, te tawhā āhuahanga e pā ana ki te hiko ai.

Hoki waea whare me tango reira ki pūkete kore anake te kawenga parenga, engari urupare hoki. whakaritea te kaha o nāianei e te tātai:

Ahau = P / (U ∙ cosφ ).

Ka waihanga urupare kawenga rama kōrekoreko me motors o taputapu hiko (refrigerators, horoi mārua, taputapu mana me ētahi atu.).

Tauira o te tātai i te taura ripeka-wāhanga o te nāianei

Kia kitea a roto i pehea ki te kia, ki te mea e tika ana ki te whakatau i te-wāhanga ripeka o te parahi taura ki te hono i te taputapu te kāinga ki te kaha katoa o te 25 Kw me toru-wā mīhini ki te 10 Kw. hanga ana tēnei hononga kei te taura e rima-matua whakatakotoria i roto i te whenua. Meals hanga i te whare i te whatunga toru-wāhanga.

I roto i te tirohanga o te wähanga urupare, ka hei taputapu mana whare me te taputapu:

• _{ora P.} = 25 / 0.7 = 35.7 Kw;
• _{REV P.} = 10 / 0.7 = 14.3 Kw.

Whakaritea nāianei i te tāuru:

• _{ora ahau.} = 35,7 × 1000/220 = 162 A;
• _{REV ahau.} = 14,3 × 1000/380 = 38 A.

Ki te wehea whakanoho kawenga kotahi-wāhanga i runga i toru ngā wāhanga, ka whai tetahi ki te kōrero:

Ahau _Q = 162/3 = 54 A.

ka waiho ia wāhanga te kawenga o nāianei:

Ahau _p = 54 + 38 = 92 A.

taputapu katoa i te wa ano e kore e mahi. Whakaaro tawhē mō ia nāianei wāhanga kua ki:

_f ahau = 92 × 0,75 × 1,5 = 103,5 A.

Kua tangohia nga taura kaiwhakahaere rima ki pūkete te conductors wāhanga anake. Hoki te taura whakatakotoria i roto i te whenua, e taea te whakaritea mo te nāianei 103,5 te ripeka wāhanga 16 mm² (Tepu Utaina mō taura ripeka-wāhanga).

whakaora amperage tātai mau faatanoraa moni no te mea e titau te reira i te-wāhanga ripeka iti. I te tātai taratara o te taura te mana, kaiwhakahaere ripeka-wāhanga o te 25 mm², e pai utu atu te utu.

Ko te maturuturunga iho ngaohiko i runga i te taura

Ko te conductors i ātete, e me te whakaaro. He nui rawa hoki te roa taura nui ranei i ona-wāhanga ripeka iti tenei. whakapumautia PES paerewa e e kore me nui te maturuturunga iho ngaohiko i runga i te taura 5%. meatia te tātai i roto i te ara e whai ake.

1. ātete fakapapau'i kaiwhakahaere: R = 2 × (ρ × L) / S .
2. Ko te maturuturunga iho ngaohiko: U _papa. = × ahau R. I roto i te pā ana ki te ōrau rārangi ka waiho ai: _U% = (U _papa / U _{lin ..)} × 100.

I roto i te tātai, te momotuhi:

• ρ - resistivity × Ohm mm² / m;
• S - te wāhi mm² ripeka-motu.

Ko te take o te 2 tohu e te rerengia nāianei i roto i rua ngā whenu.

Tauira o te tātaitanga o te maturuturunga iho taura ngaohiko

Hei tauira, he tika te reira ki te tātai i te maturuturunga iho ngaohiko puta noa i te wāhanga kaiwhakahaere e mau ana i te 2.5 mm², roa o 20 m. E mea titauhia ki te hono i te kakano ia hiko 7 Kw.

• Waea resistance ko: R = 2 (0,0175 × 20) / 2.5 = 0.28 ohms.
• Ko te kaha o nāianei i roto i te kaiwhakahaere: ahau = 7000/220 = 31,8 A.
• Ko te maturuturunga iho ngaohiko i runga i te amo: U _papa. = 31,8 × 0,28 = 8,9 V.
• Ko te ōrau o te maturuturunga iho ngaohiko: _U% = (8,9 / 220) × 100 = 4.1%.

E mau ana e tika ana mō te kakano ia mīhini o te mahi o ngā whakaritenga hiko rite te hinga ōrau i runga taua mea i te ngaohiko ture he i roto i rohe noa. Heoi, he nui tona uara i roto i te mata supply, taea pēhia ngā reira te tukanga fehokotaki'anga. Tenei te mea e tika ana ki te tirohia i te rohe ngaohiko tīkina raro mo te mīhini fehokotaki'anga.

mutunga

Ki reliably tiaki te waea i pukā i roto i nga wa roa te nāianei tauanga, tātai taura ripeka-wāhanga e nga ngā tonu whakaaetia. faaohie te tātai te ki te tono te tūtohi kawenga i runga i te taura ripeka-wāhanga. whiwhi te hua tika atu te ki te whakamana i te tātaitanga e te kawenga o nāianei mōrahi. A mo te mahi o te waea ara iahiko takahi pūmau, me te roa wā tāuta.