Tiriti o Paris 1856: tikanga, me te whakakorenga

Russian-Ingarihi ao, te Paris tiriti te Tiriti o Paris i 1856 ranei - he taua ingoa he tuhinga i mutu te Crimean War o 1853-1856.

hainatia te whakaaetanga i roto i te anga o te Paris Congress, i whakatuwheratia mana i runga i 13 February. whai wāhi te mahi te Ottoman Empire, Ingarangi, Sardinia, Prussia, Austria ko France, i runga i te ringa kotahi, a Russia - i runga i te tahi atu.

I roto i te biennium 1856-1871. whawhai Russian Empire mo te whakakāhoretanga o here i raro i tenei whakaaetanga. kihai i rite ki te kāwanatanga i te meka e noho tonu i te rohe o te Moana Black tuwhera ki te rerenga ohorere. I muri whiriwhiringa roa, te whakakorenga kāore o ngā tuhinga o te Tiriti o Paris, ara te toronga o te aukati i runga i te ihirangi o te kaipuke i roto i te Moana Black, ka mau te whakawhetai wahi ki te Convention Rānana i te tau 1871.

Ko te pakanga Crimean

Ki runga ki whakamutunga o katoa o whanaunga takawaenga me te ōhanga i waenganui Russia me Turkey i roto i te tau 1853, ki te tuatahi noho te rangatiratanga Danubian. i kore te kāwanatanga Turkish aro ki te huru taua ki ake me 4 Oketopa o te taua tau ta whawhai. i taea e ki te pana i te ope Turkish i te takutai o te Tanupi, me te ki te pei i to ratou whawhai i roto i te tonga Caucasus ope Russian. Kua mahia e ia te ki te hoariri i te moana, kei te pane nei ki te ngakau o te mahi. I muri i taua mahi i roto i te whawhai e tomo te UK, a France. Ratou pai haere i roto i te moana Black, ka karapotia e te ope hoariri. Maehe 27 ta Ingarangi whawhai i runga i Russia, te ra i muri e te reira ko France. He marama i muri mai, kei te ngana te ope Anglo-French ki te whenua e tata ana Odessa, wāhi mua pupuhi-o te pu 350. Mahuru 8, 1854, enei taua ope whati i Russia i raro i te awa Alama , a noho i roto i te Crimea. Te Tuhinga o Sevastopol haamata i te 17 o Oketopa. taua hōia wahi raruraru e pā ana ki 30 mano iwi .; Kua tukua pa i 5 bombings nui-tauine. I muri i te raupatu o France, te wahi tonga o Sevastopol huihuinga ope Russian. Puta noa i te whakapaenga (349 ra) kingitanga i roto i nga ara e ngana ana ki te huri kē te hoariri, engari he tutuki nga nganatanga. whakahaeretia Sevastopol e ope Anglo-French.

Te Paris rangimarie Tiriti o 1856, hainatia i runga i Maehe 18, oti te mahi hōia. ka karanga ia mo te tuku o te Moana Black (riro kūpapa), kua heke ki te kaipuke iti o Russia. whakaritea te taua herenga i runga i Turkey. I roto i te tua, e kore ko te mangai o te Tanupi, wahi o Bessarabia, te mana i roto i Serbia, Wallachia ko Morotōria Empire.

Tiriti o Paris

Nā ki te taumira fakamamahi o te pakanga Russian Crimean, tau strangulated reira i roto i to ratou tika, me te ngākau nuitanga. Koinei, nga rohe rohe o te Empire whakauaua pāngia. homai ana e ia te tahi mau motu, nga rangatiratanga me te mangai o te Tanupi, i roto i te hoki hoki taua pa rite Sevastopol, Kinburn me etahi atu. ko paku anake i whakapaea e hōia Allied te rohe rangimarie Tiriti hua. Ko te tino nui patua e Russia e whāiti te Tiriti o Paris i 1856 ona taonga i runga i te Moana Black, e kore e whakaaetia ki te whai i te kaipuke, arsenals, pa.

pāngia e te whakaaetanga te taiao pāpori Pākehā, nga turanga o i i whakatakotoria iho i roto i te tuhinga whakapae Vienna. meinga te rangatira o te katoa o Europe Paris, i tohaina te Petersburg mua ki te wahi tuarua.

Ngā o te Tiriti o Paris

Tiriti o Paris ngā 34 whakahauanga me 1 tuhinga rangitahi. Ko te hunga matua ko nga tikanga e whai ake nei:

1. I waenganui i nga whenua, tomo ki kirimana, inaianei i reira he rangimarie me te rarata.
2. Territory patua i roto i te pakanga, ka kia tukua ki te tangata taketake.
3. whakaae Russia ki hoki ki Kars me ētahi atu wāhanga o te whenua Ottoman, e kua nohoia nei hōia e.
4. France ko Ingarangi whakaae ki whakahokia riro te Empire i te tauranga, me pa o Sevastopol, Evpatoria me ētahi atu nohoia e te ope Anglo-French.
5. whai ki te hoatu i tō te faaoreraa hara mo te hunga e kua hara o te pakarutanga o whawhai i roto i tetahi ara Russia, France, Britain me Sardinia.
6. rōpū katoa whakahaere ki te hoki tonu herehere o te whawhai.
7. Ko te Tiriti o Paris i 1856 obliges te whenua ki te haina i te tuhinga ki te āwhina i te hoa i roto i te take o te whakaeke hoariri; āta mau te tikanga, kahore whawhati ratou.
8. Ki te i waenganui i tetahi o nga whenua e kua mutu te pukapuka, i reira te mea he pakanga, whakahē rānei, e kore e etahi te whakamahi i te kaha ki te whakatau i reira, hanga reira taea ki te whakatau i nga mea katoa te hau.
9. Tetahi o nga rangatira kihai i pokanoa i roto i te kaupapa here kāinga me te ke o te kāwanatanga tata.
10. Entrance ki te Bosporus me nga Dardanelles tonu kati.
11. riro kūpapa Moana Black; Kei te rāhuitia te reira ki te whai i te kaipuke.
12. Whakaaetia ki te hokohoko i runga i nga takutai o te moana Black, i te mea i raro anake ki te mana e hāngai ana.
13. A ani i rāhuitia he täoro runga i te Moana Black te.
14. kua oti te whakarite te tokomaha o nga kaipuke me ope rite ki te kirimana, me te kore e taea te nui.
15. ngaahi fatongia Whakakahoretia i runga i whakatere i runga i te Tanupi.
16. Whakaaetia e aroturuki i te rōpū te horoi o nga tahatika awa, me pera atu.
17. Me ka utu i te kōmihana ake nga ture o te whakatere me te transportation o taonga, tango ngā tauārai ki te tautiaki hoa te rohe moana.
18. Ka te kōmihana takutai kia hoatu te mana e tika ana ki te mahi i whakatutuki reira ki mahia, i oti i te mutunga o te 2 tau.
19. whakaaetia ia whenua te ki te whai 2 oko marama i runga i nga pareparenga o te Tanupi.
20. neke rohe Russian tata Bessarabia mō ngāwari navigation i runga i te Tanupi.
21. Ko te hunga wāhi e ka wewete i te Russian Empire, ka kia piri ki Moldova.
22. Kahore he tangata e whai i te tika, ki te pokanoa i roto i te ā-tōrangapū valahskogo me rangatiratanga Mōtāwhiana.
23. takoto te Ottoman Empire te kore ki te pokanoa i te tōrangapū o te whenua i whakauru, ka mahue i muri ia ratou i te tika ki te kāwanatanga-whaiaro; rau haere noa ki tonu i o whiriwhiri fakalotu, tauhokohoko, whakatere me te ture whānui.

Whakakore i te Tiriti o Paris

I muri i te whakatamarikitanga o Russian-English ao Russian tamata ki noho te here, te kupu ngå te Moana Black me te whai wāhi ki te whai i te kaipuke. Ko te aha i tenei wa koa tonu i whanaunga takawaenga. I roto i te biennium 1856-1871. i tukitukia e Empire ake he hononga pai ki France: whakaritea ia ki te tiki i te tauturu i Russia i roto i te pakanga Austro-French, a ka tatau i te whakamutunga i runga i te mana o France i roto i te pātai Eastern.

Te hui Paris, i roa noa 1863, i whakatakotoria i roto i te whanaunga Russian-French. converged tino Country, me te tahi whakaoti etahi take. Maehe 1859 I nui mo France, no te mea i hainatia te whakaaetanga ngaro, kia rite ki nei i roto i te take o te whawhai ki a Austria Empire fafau ki noho kūpapa. Ko te ino o whanaunga kitea i roto i te ngangaretanga Polish. Ka rite ki te hua o enei mahi Russia kaiwhakau whanaunga ki Prussia.

I muri i te whakatōpū o te German Empire i roto i 1872 ope ki nga fetaulaki'anga 3 Berlin nui. haamata Kawenata, i roto i nei hono hoki Austria. E ai ki te Tiriti Berlin, i tangohia i tenei wa, te whakakāhoretanga o te oko o te rangimarie tiriti Paris riro hoki Russia take wā. nō ia kaipuke i roto i te Moana Black me nga rohe ngaro.