Trans-Siberian Railway: opuaraa whanaketanga, uara. Ara ki te whakapai ake i te tōtika o

Whariki i roto i te rau tau whakamutunga Trans-Siberian Railway e tika ana i te whenua katoa, me te hono i te reira ki te wahi Pākehā o Siberia me te Far Te Tai Rāwhiti. Tenei ara tereina pai rawa hoki te rau tau hauwhā, ko te peka rerewē matua o Russia.

Tīmata o te hanga

Ko te whakatau i runga i te hanga o te rerewhenua Siberian i runga i nga moni taonga i hanga e te kāwanatanga tsarist i roto i te 80-doma o te rau tau XIX. I roto i te 1887 i whakaritea e toru ngā waitaua ki te rapu wāhi hanga huarahi matua i raro i te tonga-Ussuri, Te Hau-ā-uru me Central Siberian Baikal Railway. Tīmata o te hanganga o ngā pūkete rerewē Trans-Siberian mo nga tau e 90 o te rau tau whakamutunga. Ko te whakatau ki te whakahaere mahi i runga i te hanga o te Great Siberian Way hanga i roto i te hotoke timata 1891 hanga i runga i rua taha - i Vladivostok ki Chelyabinsk.

Ko te wāhanga matua o te whakapanga

Hanga rerewē Trans-Siberian, te opuaraa mo te whanaketanga o nei te inaianei whānuitia i roto i te maha o ngā wāhanga:

1. 1893 - hanga o te ara i te awa o Ob ki Irkutsk.

2. 1894 - te timatanga o te hanga o te rori Te Tai Tokerau Ussuri.

3. 1897 - te timatanga o nga Pads CER.

4. 1898 - riro whenua i te Ob ki Krasnoyarsk.

5. 1900 - Ko te whakatau i runga i te hanga o te Circum-Baikal Railway.

6. 1906 - whakahaere rangahau mō te whakapanga Amur Mainline.

7. 1911 - te hanga pae Kirk - p. Tupuhi ki te peka i Blagoveshchensk.

8. 1916 - te whakaaetanga o te piriti puta noa te awa Amur.

Ko kē te roa nui o te Trans-Siberian Railway i roto i aua tau whakahohea reira ki te riro i te iatuku waka matua o te whenua. Otiia i roto i te Pakanga Civil, te āhua o te huarahi hou, kāore, tino heke. I takahi te reira, ka tahuna te rota o piriti. Wā whakangaromia waka me locomotives. Tonu i muri i te pakanga, Heoi, ka anga matou mahi fakafoki mai nui-tauine. I roto i te hotoke 1924-1925,., Hei tauira, i faaho'ihia mai Amur piriti. i runga i te raina i timata kaupapa i roto i te 1925, ka haere tonu kahore he arumanga ki tenei ra.

Trans-Siberian Railway i roto i to tatou wa

He tonu o rerekē momo o whakatutukitanga History o Trans-Siberian reriwe. I roto i ngā wā Soviet, kei te kaha whakawhanakehia te ara, me te te whakaaro katoa-hanga kaupapa. Ki te rā, Trans-Siberian Railway ko tetahi o te rerewē whenua tino kaha i roto i te ao. I roto i Russia, e waha ana te reira neke atu i te 50% o te tauwhiro me kaweake o taonga katoa. Transsiberian Ko te raina ara electrified rua, tino rite rawa ki te tikanga hou o te kōrero, me te mōhiohio. Ka taea e aho taputapu hangarau kawe neke atu i te 100 miriona taranata o utanga ia tau i te tere whakaaetia mōrahi o 90 km / h.

Ko te painga o te aho, motu ke i tetahi atu, ko te ngaro o te hiahia ki te whakawhiti i tetahi rohe. Kia aroha mai, te aravihi o timata te ara i roto i nga tau tata nei ki te peka. A korero reira o te hiahia ki te whakahou.

ngā raina-trans: te roa o ara, puta

Ko te roa tapeke o te api parau Trans ko e pā ana ki 10 mano. Km. I te kau, ko reira te huarahi roa i roto i te ao. I roto i tona taatoaraa Kei 87 pa, 14 o nei he pokapū rohe.

I roto i ngā wāhi mahi e ara hāngai te 80% o nga hinonga ahumahi o te kāwanatanga, me te turanga rauemi māori. Na roto i Tranassib whakatakotoria e pā ana ki te 30 ara o tereina utanga i roto i pou te ao, me te ā-. Pāhihi nui-tere wahi o te haere i runga i tenei ara, e ko te hokohoko o te whatunga rail Pākehā, i Moscow ki Vladivostok he 6 ra.

Trans-Siberian Railway, te opuaraa mo te whanaketanga o nei he whanaunga tata ki te tupu whānui o pūmanawa ōhanga te whenua o, i runga i rua fenua: Europe (19.1% o te ara) a Ahia (80.9%). I roto i tona taatoaraa he teihana 1852.

tikanga Natural o te Trans-Siberian Railway me ngā raruraru e hāngai ana

whariki reira te ara o te ara i roto i ngā rohe makariri katoa: steppe, steppe koraha, taiga. I roto i te rārangi wahi raki toro i roto i te rohe permafrost (hei tauira, e tata ana te roto o Baikal). Raruraru i roto i te hononga ki te kaimahi rerewē i ki te rave i te whai ake:

• mōrea o kohatu uri i te matapuna me ru i roto i ngā wāhi maunga;

• te hiahia mō ngā huarahi tiaki tonu i te pāmahana makaka tino i roto i ngā wāhi ki te āhuarangi continental;

• te hiahia ki te taviniraa i te maha nui o piriti;

• ara whärite tamau i roto i te permafrost;

• he hinaaro ki te whakatutuki i te pānga o te puna waipuke.

Ko te kupu, nga tikanga tūturu o taea te whakaaro te Trans-Siberian Railway rawa matatini. Ki te hinga i te pānga o ngā momo o āhuatanga taiao Railways whai ki te noho i te rota rawa o te moni.

opuaraa whanaketanga

Ki te rā, te nuinga o nga taonga i te whenua ki te rawhiti kawea ki te hauauru e te moana. kamupene Water waka ite heriheri, a reira, maha unjustifiably, faa'oru utu mo ratou ratonga. Ka rite ki te hua, kite maha ngä kaipuke Trans-Siberian reriwe te rite te kē pai ki te waka moana.

I roto i tenei whakaaro, ki te Kawanatanga o te Russian Federation, tahi ki te whakahaere o Railways Russian, kua whakawhanakehia he huinga o mehua hāngai ana te whakapai ake i te pūmanawa tauwhiro o te taua ara nui, pera te Trans-Siberian Railway. Tuhinga o whanaketanga kua whakaritea reira matua i te ariā whakaaetia o te g / d o huarahi i roto i Russia ki runga ki te 2030, ki te 2015 anake kua hoki kua pau te ao hou, o rori 50 miriona moni. Tae noa 2030, whakaritea te Trans-Siberian Railway te ki te waihanga i te tikanga pai mo te kaupapa o te ipu me te pāhihi tereina motuhake. I tua atu, ka whakawhanakehia te Kaunihera tuitui o Russian Railways hokohoko ariā i runga i te ara mo te wā ki runga ki te 2020, e whakarato ana:

• reiti production whakataetae;

• whakapai ake o te whakahaere o te waka;

• te whakapai ake i te kounga o te mahi;

• te whanaketanga o te hangarau e whakarato mōhiohio ki kiritaki e pā ana ki te wāhi me te mana o taonga i roto i te wā tūturu;

• te whakanui ake i te hua o te tauranga i runga i te hauauru, me te rawhiti o te whenua;

• te hanga pokapū logistics hou, me te t. d.

Whanaketanga i roto i te 2016

āhuatanga General o te Trans-Siberian Railway ki te whakawa o reira rite te rerewhenua tino whaihua i roto i to tatou whenua i tenei ra. I te timatanga o 2016, kua whakatinana kua reira he huinga o mehua e hāngai ana ki te Electrification o nga rārangi pahi, hangaia anō o piriti, huna me teihana nui. utua ngā aro te ki te ara whanaketanga Primorye Primorye-1 me-2, kia rite ki te pai kia rite ki te whakahaere o te kōrero tika i waenganui Korea me te Russian Federation.

Ara ki te whakapai ake i te tōtika o

Ko te roa nui o te Trans-Siberian Railway, kāore, e kore te auraa i ona he hōkaiipurangi pai. i te raruraru kua pā tōraro i runga i te katoa, kahore ao okotahi o te ōhanga, tae atu ki ngā pou tereina. Na reira, i roto i ngā o ngā take whakahaere arotahi i te kau, ko te tika ki te whakapiki ake i te kaha puta haere o te kātua. I te wa ano e hāngai matua kawea i roto i ngā mahi:

• ki te whakakore i te raruraru o te hauhake mea mate o waka tūmataiti i te ara tūmatanui;

• kukume haumi tūmataiti i roto i te hanganga whanaketanga paipa;

• huinga whai hua o ia aratau o ngā waka whai wāhi i roto i te hariata.

Ko te kupu, ko te raina rerewhenua matua, i roto i te horopaki o te mākete ao i roto i to tatou whenua tūmanako tiketike - ko te Trans-Siberian Railway tenei. Tuhinga o whanaketanga rite te kē matua ki te waka moana tēnei wā rerekē whanui. I roto i tenei take, kua whakaaro te mahi matua ki te whakaiti i te wa o te kaupapa o te taonga, me te whakapai ake i te kounga o te mahi o ngā pāhihi me ngä kaipuke.