Transistor pourua: whakawhiti takatakanga. Ko te whakawhitinga taiawhio o te transistor pourua ki te kaituku noa

Ko tētahi o te toru-kawehiko momo pūrere Semiconductor he transistors pourua. o te ara iahiko, tei runga i ranei to ratou kawe ia (rua ranei irahiko) me mahi.

whakarōpū

E wehea transistors ki ngā rōpū:

1. E ai ki te rauemi: te arsenide gallium me silicon tino whakamahia nuitia.
2. Ka rite ki te auau tohu: iti (ki runga, ki te 3 MHz), reo (ki runga ki te 30 MHz), tiketike (ki runga, ki te 300 MHz), ultra-tiketike (i runga 300 MHz).
3. Hoki toreretanga mana mōrahi: ki runga ki te 0.3 W, ki runga ki te 3 Watts, neke atu i te 3W.
4. E ai ki te momo o te pūrere: e toru hono ki te apa Semiconductor i tētahi te huri i te tikanga tika, me te kōaro poke kawenga.

Kia pehea te mahi i te transistors?

E hono ana te papa o waho, me te roto o te transistor ki te kawehiko mata, aua huaina te kaituku, kaikohi me te turanga.

Ko te kaituku me te kaikohi e kore e rerekē i ia atu momo o te kawe, engari ko nui raro te tohu o doping poke o te muri. Ka āta whakarite tēnei i te hua i roto i te ngaohiko whakaputa tīkina.

Ko te turanga, i te mea he paparanga waenganui he ātete tiketike, rite hanga o te Semiconductor ki te doping ngoikore. He he wāhi whakapā nui ki te tango, e whakapiki i te tango o te wera hanga e tika ana ki te whakataka rītaha te whakawhiti, a ka whakahaere te wahi o nga kawe tokoiti - irahiko. Ahakoa te meka e hāngai ana i te paparanga whakawhitinga e i runga i te parau tumu taua, te transistor he pūrere hangarite. Na roto i te huri wahi papa tino o te kawe ia taua e kore e riro i te tawhā hāngai o te pūrere Semiconductor.

Schematics o transistors pourua e taea ki te pupuri i te reira i roto i āhua e rua: ka taea e te mea tuwhera kati ranei. I roto i te aratau kaha, ka hanga te transistor tuwhera kaituku whakawhitinga wāhikē te i roto i te aronga whakamua. Ke fakatātaa'i whakaaro tenei, mo te tauira, he transistor o momo npn, kia faaitoitohia te reira i te pūtake, pēnei e whakaaturia i roto i te ahua i raro.

Ko te rohe o te rua o nga huinga tango, ka katia te tenei me te nāianei ki te rere i roto i kore kia reira. Otiia i roto i te mahi, puta te ritenga hoki o te wāhi tata o te whakawhitinga mo ia atu, me to ratou mana tahi. Mai te hono te kaituku ki te "tango" pūhiko whakawhitinga tuwhera taea irahiko ki rere ki te rohe turanga, kei hea he ratou tauhono wāhanga ki rua - kawe matua. turanga i hanga _b ahau _nāianei. Ko te kaha ko reira, te proportionately atu putanga o nāianei. I runga i tenei amplifiers mahi parau tumu te whakamahi i transistors pourua.

I muri i te turanga, ko te anake waka diffusive o ngā irahiko, no te mea kahore he mahi o te mara hiko. Nā ki te matotoru iti paparanga (microns) me te nui nui o te rōnaki kukū o matūriki tōraro i ako, tata katoa o ratou taka ki roto ki te rohe tango, ahakoa ko feunga nui te ātete turanga. neke ratou ki reira e kumea mara hiko, whakatairanga ratou waka kaha. Ko te kaikohi me kaituku ngā nui rite, ki te mate kore hokiate o tiaki meinga e te tauhono i roto i te turanga: _ī ahau = ahau _b + ahau _k.

Ko te tawhā o transistors

1. Ko te āhuatanga taonga mo te ngaohiko U _EQ / U _BE me nāianei: β = ahau _he / ahau _b (uara tūturu). Tikanga, e kore e nga β whakarea nui 300, engari kia tae uara o 800, a runga ake.
2. parenga ia Tāuru.
3. Ko te whakautu auau - o te mahi ki runga transistor ki te auau tomu'a runga ake nei transients e kore reira whai wa ki te huringa o te tohu tono.

Transistor pourua: whakawhiti iahiko, aratau mahi

aratau Whakahaere rerekē i runga i te āhua o huihui te ara iahiko kei te. Me te tono Tohu me nekehia atu i rua ngā mo ia take, engari i reira e toru anake titi. whai te reira e kotahi kawehiko me no e rua ki te wāhi me te putanga. Na ngā tetahi transistors pourua. o te ara iahiko: ON, OE me OK.

1. Taraiwa ki OK

Ko te whakawhitinga taiawhio o te transistor pourua ki te kaikohi noa: whangai te tohu kei te ki te parenga R _L, e te whakaurua hoki i roto i te ara iahiko tango. Kei te tuku te hononga pērā ki rite te noa-kaikohi.

Tenei kōwhiringa hanga anake te taonga o nāianei. Ko te painga o te akonga kaituku ko ki te whakarato i tētahi parenga ia nui tāuru (10-500 ohms), e taea watea taunga hūkere.

2. Taraiwa ki ON

nekehia atu tohu taumai roto i te C ₁ me muri amplification te i roto i te putanga o te ara iahiko tango, ngā ai te te kawehiko turanga: i te whakawhitinga taiawhio o te transistor pourua i roto i te turanga noa. I roto i tenei take, he rite ki te mahi ki te MA he ngaohiko taonga.

Ko te ngoikoretanga Ko te parenga ia tāuru iti (30-100 ohms), me te ara iahiko ki ON whakamahia te rite te oscillator.

3. Hoahoa ki MA

I roto i te taatou maha, ina e whakamahia transistors pourua, iahiko whakawhiti nuinga hanga ki te kaituku noa. whangai i te ngaohiko supply te roto i te R _L kawenga _iahiko, me te kaituku hono ki te pou kino o te supply mana waho.

AC tohu i te kāpeka tāuru tomo te kaituku me te turanga electrodes (V _{i roto i),} a riro te reira nui i roto i nui (V _CE) i roto i te ara iahiko tango. Ko te huānga taiawhio taketake: te transistor, he parenga R _L me te putanga o te ara iahiko tīwerawera ki te supply mana waho. Pŭpŭ tauturu: pūnga C ₁ e ārai te wahi o te nāianei tika i roto i te ara iahiko kai o te tohu tāuru, me te parenga R _1, mā nei oroko transistor.

Ko te ngaohiko tango o te mania transistor me te putanga o te parenga R _L tahi rite _{EMF nui: V CC = ahau C R L} + V CE.

Ko te kupu, homai V _{i roto i} te tohu iti i te tāuru e te rerekētanga o DC mana ki AC putanga inverter transistor whakahaere. E whakarato ana te kaupapa i te hua i roto i te tāuru o nāianei 20-100 wa, me te ngaohiko - i roto i 10-200 wa. Fakatatau ki ai, faarahi hoki te mana.

kaupapa hapa: he resistance tāuru iti (500-1000 ohms). Hoki tenei take, i reira he raruraru i roto i te hanganga o ngā wāhanga amplification. Ko te ātete putanga ko te 2-20 ohms.

whakaatu ēnei hoahoa pehea te transistor pourua. Ki te kore koe e tango i mahi atu i runga i to ratou mahi, ka kia nui pāngia e te mau mana o waho, pērā i pukā me tohu auau. Ano, hangaia e te uhupoho kaituku distortion hawarite i te putanga. Ki te whakapai ake i te tika, te ara iahiko ko feedbacks tūhono, whiriwhiringa, me pera i runga i. N. I roto i tenei take heke te taonga kei te, engari riro te pūrere tōtika ake.

aratau o mahi

pānga te mahi transistor te uara o te ngaohiko tūhono. Ka taea te whakaaturia aratau katoa ki te tono taiawhio o te transistor pourua whakaratohia mua ki te kaituku noa.

1. Ko te aratau tarai-atu

hanga ana tēnei aratau te ina _KIA te V heke ngaohiko ki te 0.7 V. I roto i tenei take, he kuiti te huinga kaituku me he ngaro te kaikohi nāianei, mai kore irahiko noa i roto i te turanga. Ko te kupu, ko te poraka transistor.

2. Aratau Hohe

Ki te tono te ngaohiko e ki te turanga i te mea ranea ki te whakatuwhera i te transistor, i reira te mea he nāianei tāuru iti me te nui haere putanga, i runga i te nui o te taonga rānei. Na ka mahi i te transistor hei tīwerawera.

aratau 3. waiwai

rere ke te reira i te aratau hohe kia e te tino whakatuwheratia te transistor, a ka tae te nāianei tango te uara ka taea mōrahi. Ka taea e anake ona hua e tutuki e te huri i te Ākinga Pūngao tīpakongia kawenga ranei i roto i te ara iahiko putanga. A, no te huri turanga kaikohi nāianei kore te ke. waiwai tikanga āhuatanga e te meka e ko te tino tuwhera te transistor, a konei kaimahi reira rite te whakakā tahuri te i runga i. Schematics o transistors pourua i te whakakotahi i te tarai-atu, me te waiwai aratau tukua ki a koutou te hanga, me o ratou mau taviri hiko.

aratau katoa o te mahi whakawhirinaki i runga i te āhua o te āhuatanga putanga whakaaturia i roto i te kauwhata.

Ka taea e ratou te whakaatu, ki te te huihui reira waea hoahoa o te transistor pourua ki OE.

Ki te hoatu koe i runga i te tuaka poutū me te wāhanga whakapae tohu te nāianei tango mōrahi me te nui o te supply ngaohiko V _CC, a ka hono i te pito ki tahi i te tahi, te tiki i te rārangi kawenga (whero). Kua whakaahuatia te reira e te _{faaiteraa: c ahau = (V CC -} V CE) / R C. Mai i te ahua whai reira e te wāhi whakahaere i whakatau te nāianei tango ahau _C me te _TT ngaohiko _V, ka kia ngā taha te rārangi utanga i te raro ake ki te whakanui ake turanga ahau _B. nāianei

Rohe V _CE i waenganui i te tuaka me te āhuatanga putanga tuatahi (kauruku) te wahi e ahau _B = 0 faaite aratau cutoff. I roto i tenei whakamuri ahau _C nāianei he iti, me te katia te transistor te.

Ko te āhuatanga e wha i roto i te wāhi A e pūtahi ana te kawenga raina, i muri nei, ki te hua atu _{i roto i te} nāianei tango e kore kua ahau puta ke. rohe waiwai i roto i te kauwhata, ko te rohe kauruku i waenganui i te _C tuaka e ahau, me te āhuatanga etaeta.

Nahea te transistor i roto i aratau rerekē?

E whakahaerehia ana te transistor ki tohu tāupe tamau ranei tukua ki te ara iahiko tāuru.

BAD transistor: whakawhiti iahiko, te mana

Te nuinga kaimahi transistor hei tīwerawera. Ko te tohu tauutuutu tāuru ai te huringa i roto i tona nāianei putanga. Ka taea e koe te tono i te kaupapa ki OK ranei ki te MA. I roto i te ara iahiko putanga mo te tohu e hiahiatia ana kawenga. whakamahi Tikanga he parenga eke i roto i te ara iahiko tango putanga. Ki te tīpakohia tika, he tino teitei ake i te whai wāhi te uara ngaohiko whakaputa.

pai fakatātaa'i mahi tīwerawera i roto i te hoahoa wā.

A, no te nga tohu ngātere tahuri, ko te rite i mo te sinusoidal he aratau. Kounga tahuri ratou wāhanga hawarite whakaritea e nga āhuatanga auau o transistors.

Mahi i roto i te aratau whakawhiti

whakakā transistor e hangaia mō hononga whakawhitinga whakapā-kore i roto i te ara iahiko. Ko te parau tumu ko te huringa stepwise i roto i te ātete o te transistor. Ko te pai hāngai ki te whakaritenga o te pūrere matua momo pourua.

mutunga

huānga Semiconductor whakamahia i roto i iahiko mō te tahuri tohu hiko. whakarōpū pūkenga, me te nui tukua whānui o transistors pourua whakamahi. whakawhiti iahiko whakatau ratou mahi, me ngā momo o te mahi. Tei nui i runga i te āhuatanga.

Ko te ara iahiko matua whakawhiti transistors pourua faananea, tahuri me te whakaputa tohu tāuru, ka whakawhiti iahiko.