Kaitito French rongonui

France - he whenua e ko mua o te tahi atu. Ko konei e tangohia e te revolution tuatahi wahi, a kahore anake pāpori, engari ano hoki tuhituhi, awe koi te whanaketanga o toi i roto i te ao katoa. kaituhi Wīwī me kaitito tutuki tiketike tuatahi. Ko tētahi atu meka ngā ko e ko te reira i roto i France te mahi o geniuses maha i arotakea i roto i tona ora. I teie mahana kōrero tatou e pā ana ki te kaituhi tino nui me kaitito XIX - rau wawe XX, me te hura i te arai o nga taime ngā o to ratou oraraa.

Viktor Mari Gyugo (1802-1885)

Ko reira pea e taea atu kaitito French hopu ki te tauine Viktora Gyugo ake. Te kaituhi, e kore te mea e wehi nei ki te whakaara kaupapa ostrosotsialnye i ona pakimaero, me i te wa pehe whaiāipo taua, i ora ia i te ora roa, whakatutukitanga auaha taonga. Hugo rite kihai i he kaituhi tika mohio i roto i tona ora - i hanga e ia he waimarie mā te mahi i tēnei mahi.

I muri i te "Notre Dame" o rongo tona anake tupu. He reira maha kaituhi i roto i te ao nei i taea ki te ora 4 tau i waho ratou ake mo? I muri i 79 tau o te tau (i runga i te rā o te whanau o Viktora Gyugo) i runga i Avenue Eylau whakaturia he kikorangi whakamanamana - i roto i te meka, i raro i nga matapihi o te kaituhituhi. Na roto i reira, te ra haere 600 mano e faahinaaro tona taranata o. I maoro whakaingoatia te huarahi i te Avenue Victor Hugo.

Muri i mahue kore anake mahi nunui, me te tupu nui, 50,000 pümautanga o nei i Kohaina ki te rawakore, engari ano hoki he wāhi ke i roto i te pai ai Viktor Mari Gyugo. I whakahaua e ia ki te whakaingoa i te pane o France - Paris - i roto i Gyugopolis. Mau, Ko reira anake te tūemi kihai i i mahi i.

Teofil Gote (1811-1872)

A, no te takatakahi Viktor Gyugo ki faaino classicist, Teofil Gote ko tetahi o nga kaitautoko kānapanapa me tino mateaki. riro kaitito French he whakakī pai o ratou rarangi: Gaultier kore anake maitai taukei te tikanga o te tuhituhi, engari whakatuwheratia ano hoki he wā hou i roto i te toi o France, e muri awe te ao katoa.

I muri pumau tona kohinga tuatahi i roto i te iho pai o te kāhua whaiāipo, Teofil Gote i te wa ano ki waho i te kaupapa tuku iho o te whiti, me te whiti ke te pere. kihai ia i tuhituhi e pā ana ki te ataahua o te natura, te aroha mure ore, me tōrangapū. E kore noa e - karangatia te rohi pehe te matatini hangarau o te irava wae tino nui. auraa tenei e tona irava, noho i roto i te āhua whaiāipo, i roto i te meka kihai i ratou - i hoatu ara ki te tikanga o te puka.

I roto i te kohinga hou, "Enamels me cameos", whakaaro nei ko te keokeonga o te auahatanga Théophile Gautier, tomo ano te Faaiteraa "kura Parnassian" - "Art". karangatia e ia te parau tumu o "toi he whakaaro ki a koe", i whakaae kaitito French raru.

Artyur Rembo (1854-1891)

pehe French Artyur Rembo faauru tona ora, me te whiti neke atu i te kotahi whakatupuranga. I roto i te taiohitanga , ia tamau rere atu i te kāinga i roto i Paris, i reira ka tutaki ia ki a Paora Verlaine, tonoa ia te maau "Te haurangi Ship". Ko te hononga hoa i waenganui i nga kaitito hohoro tupu ki te aroha. ko te take mō te mahue whānau Verlaine tenei.

I roto i te ora o Rimbaud haere mai tika 2 kohikohinga o whiti, me te motuhake - te irava tuatahi "haurangi Ship", e tonu kawea ia āhukahuka. Ko ngā e he rawa poto mahi o te rohipehe te reira: te rotarota katoa tuhituhi ia i te tau o te 15 ki te 21 tau. I muri Artyur Rembo kihai noa ki te tuhituhi. Hangatonu. Na ka ia he kaihokohoko, tae noa ki te mutunga o te ora na roto i te hoko mea kakara, patu, me ... iwi.

Famous pehe French Pol Elyuar e mohio ko Giyom Apolliner tupuna o Artyura Rembo. Tona mahi me te tangata faauruhia e te tuhinga roa Henry Miller o, "Kaahu Time" ko Patti Smith tonu kōrero e pā ana ki te rohi pehe, me ana irava faahitihia.

Pol Verlen (1844-1896)

kaitito French o te rau tau mutunga o XIX, pōtitia a Paora Verlaine ratou "kingi," engari ko te Kingi i reira ko tetahi iti rawa ta'emanongá me Playboy, whakaahuatia Verlaine te taha kino o te ora - te paru, te pouri, te hara, me te weriweri. Ko tētahi o te "matua" o Impressionism me te tohu i roto i te tuhinga, i tuhituhi te rohi pehe rotarota, te ataahua o te reo e kore e taea e kawe i tetahi translation.

No mea pehea nanakia ko te rohi pehe French Rimbaud He wāhi nui i roto i tona heke mai. I muri hoko 'o maheni ki te taitama Arthur Paora ka mau ia i raro i tona parirau. I titiro ia mo te whare rohi pehe, ara mo te i reti i te ruma, tae noa ahakoa kahore i ia taonga hoki a ia. o ta ratou take e rave rahi tau: i muri Verlaine mahue te whānau, haere ratou, haurangi, me hema rite i taea e ratou.

A, no te faaoti Rimbaud ki te tiki atu i tana aroha, koperea Verlaine ia i roto i te ringa. Ahakoa retracted te pärurenga te tauākī, i whiua a Paora Verlaine ki e rua tau i roto i te whare herehere. I muri i taua, e kore ia ora ake. Kua hanga e ia whakarere, ka whakangaromia ai tino - No te mea o te ngoikore o te hapori ki te whakarerea Artyura Rembo, Verlaine me kore i taea te tiki hoki ki tana wahine.

Giyom Apolliner (1880-1918)

Ko te tama a te aristocrat Polish, whanau i roto i Roma, Giyom Apolliner no ki France. Ko i Paris, i ora ia te taiohitanga me te pakeketanga, tae noa ki tona matenga. Ka rite ki te tahi atu kaitito French o te wa, i rapu Apollinaire mō huarahi hou, me ngā whai wāhitanga rapu ki rawa - ka muri.

I muri i te whakaputanga o te tuhi mahi i roto i te wairua o te moepuku āta me te paku-kohinga o rotarota "Bestiary, Orpheus motorcade ranei", whakaputaina i roto i te 1911, Giyom Apolliner kaikauwhau i tuatahi roa-tonu kohinga rotarota "Alcohol" (1913), i ngā tonu te aro o te kore o te wetereo, Baroque whakaahua me te reo rerekētanga.

Collection "Kaligrammy" haere noa atu - nga rotarota katoa e kua whakaurua ki roto ki tenei kohinga, tuhituhia e te ara mīharo: mahi o ngā raina whakaritea i roto i te whānuitanga o silhouettes. puta kanohi o te kaipānui he wahine i roto i te pōtae, he kukupa, e nou i runga ake i te puna, ipu o te puawai ... tenei puka o te irava e haere. Tikanga, i te ara e kore he hou, - hoatu timata rotarota ki te hanga i ara te Ingarangi i roto i te rau tau XVII, engari i taua momeniti tapoko Apollinaire te putanga o "tuhituhi aunoa", i te mea na aroha o Surrealists.

Ko te wā "surrealism" no ki Guillaume Apollinaire. puta ia i muri i atamira tona "whakaari surreal" "uma Tiresias" i roto i te 1917. Ko te porohita o kaitito ki a ia i te matenga mai taua wa ka surrealists mohiotia.

Andre Breton (1896-1966)

Hoki Andre Breton tutaki ki Guillaume Apollinaire hei te rohe. ¶ A i te mua, i roto i te fare ma'i, te wahi te taitamariki Andre, he tākuta i te whakangungu, mahi rite te tika hauora. Apollinaire ko he contusion (he kongakonga o te tītere hit i roto i te upoko), i muri i nei e kore ia ora ake.

Mai 1916, e Andre Breton he wahi kaha i roto i te mahi o te Five and Seven whiti. tutaki ia ki a Louis Aragon, Filippom Supo, Tristan Tzara, Paora Eluard, ite te rotarota o Lautréamont. I roto i te 1919, i muri i te matenga o Apollinaire, kaitito timatanga epatazhisty ki te whakarite a tawhio noa André Breton. Hoki haere tahi me Filippom Supo tuhinga "mara autō" tenei tau, i tuhituhia e te tikanga o "tuhituhi aunoa."

Mai 1924, i muri i te karanga o te Faaiteraa tuatahi o Surrealism, ka Andre Breton te matenga o te kaupapa. I roto i tona whare ki runga ki Avenue Fontaine oroko timata Bureau rangahau surreal ki te whakaputa makasini. Ko te timatanga o te kaupapa pono ao Titiro rite i whakatuwheratia Office i roto i nga pa maha huri noa i te ao.

mātātoa French pehe Communist Andre Breton campaigned ana kaitautoko ki uru atu te Pāti Communist. Ia na i whakapono i roto i te mau mana'o o te Communism, e ara riro he hui ki a Lvom Trotskim i Mexico (ahakoa i taua wa i kua i peia i te Rōpū Communist).

Louis Aragon (1897-1982)

hoa pono, me te hoa Apollinaire, Louis Aragon i hoki ringa matau André Breton o. pehe French, he kominiusi noa tona manawa whakamutunga, i te 1920 whakaputaina Aragon tona kohinga tuatahi o ngā rotarota, "Fireworks", tuhituhia i roto i te kāhua o te surrealism me Dadaism.

I muri i te tomokanga o te rohi pehe i roto i te Rōpū Communist i 1927, me ki tona mahi e Breton ke. Ko ia i roto i te tahi mau ara hei te "reo o te rōpū," me te i roto i te 1931 hāmenetia mo te maau "Whero mua", î ki te wairua o te e whakatara ana kino.

no Peru Louis Aragon me ki te "History o te USSR." Ko te fâ o te Communism, ka awhina ia ia tae noa ki tona mate, ahakoa tona mahi tata te iti hoki ki te tuku iho o te talena, e kore tae i roto i te "whero."