Te rohi pehe French Pol Elyuar: haurongo me mahi

I roto i nga kaitito French o te rau tau 20 i reira he maha takitahi pono pūmanawa. Ahakoa te meka e te mau ohipa fakahisitōlia i roto i Europe "takahi" hiahia o te iwi mo-kounga tiketike, me te tuhinga hou, i taea e ki te hanga i tētahi toi hou, e te mutunga i kitea whakaaetanga i roto i te iwi i te rōpū o te iwi auaha.

Ko tētahi o nga kaihanga o te "tuhinga hou" ko Pol Elyuar. Kua ite te rohi pehe maha ati, engari kihai i mutu i te ara ki tona whāinga matua - ki te waihanga whakaaro hou o te ora, me te whakapai ake o ngā puka wetereo. Ko te rongonui Pol Elyuar, te wahi i whanau ai ia, he aha te ora e ia, ona angitu auaha me rahunga whaiaro - whai ki te mohio te tahi o te tuhinga French matarohia enei katoa.

tau wawe o te rohi pehe

whanau Eugène-Emile-Paora Grendel (ingoakē Pol Elyuar) ko Hakihea 14, 1895 i roto i Saint-Denis, France. Kua i roto i 1908, whakawhetai ki pai mahi Matua Paora, ko wai i whai wāhi i roto i te hoko whare, oho te whānau ki Paris. I roto i te whānui, i pai taea e tona ringa whare pai, me te recreation Grendel, ahakoa kahore i ratou rawa taonga.

Eugène-Emile-Pol Ros koati atamai ki pūmanawa nui. E kore ia e raruraru tomo tuatahi teitei Academy, e tango he tiwhikete ki te kaute teitei. Ko te mahere - ki tonu ratou mātauranga me te mahi nui.

Ko te raruraru-free heke mai faaino i te hauora: i roto i te 1912, i roto i te haerenga ki Switzerland, he punake nui heke kitea iti hoki pūkahukahu, me ētahi atu - kohi. Studies i ki te waiho, me te haere ki te hōhipera tae noa ki 1914. Otiia i roto i te noa'tu o raruraru hauora, ko tino whai te wā, ka tutaki Pol Elyuar tana wahine heke mai - Elena Dyakonov. Ataahua, mahara, kotiro atamai rite Paora i te mawhiti.

Ia toa tonu te ngakau o Paora, a ka tīmata ia ki te tuhituhi nga mahi tona tuatahi. Me pēhea te ki te korero, ka ki tonu te rohi pehe rotarota tuatahi i ki mau fetia, i tuhituhia ai awkwardly, engari sensually. Na ka tae mai te kohikohinga tuatahi, e homai Eluard i tona whare i utua e.

"Gala", e mōhio whānuitia rite Elenu Elyuar, takoha ki te haere ki Russia. e hiahia ana te hunga i aroha ki te tiki faaipoipo, engari tona whaea Āpure ki te uniana taua. I roto i te heke mai, ka pā te wahine rohi pehe tenei, a ka waiho i te purakau matua. Ahakoa i roto i te wahi tuatahi mahi tonu i runga i te tuarua, whakaaro Pol Elyuar - te utuafare. Photos e kua ora taua ra ano tenei ra, whakaatu e i roto i te wahi tuatahi, hoatu ana e ia te reira whaiaro iteraa-.

War - rite te wā hou o te auahatanga

I roto i te 1914, Eluard te whakaoreore i te mua. He tau torutoru no o raruraru hauora, takoha Paora te ki "noho" i roto i te fare ma'i. Reira ia te tuatahi tūpono te whawhai "mata ki mata", ka tīmata ki te whakaaro e pā ana ki tona ora.

Whakatika ki te 1917 e kore e Eluard ka whiwhi ki te mua. hauora Poor hanga mohiotia ano, pai ki te ope, e kore e taea e ia e. Na i reira e ana mahi hou e ngā moe taitamariki me te whawhai toka mārō. whakaputaina reira ara he pukapuka iti o rotarota "Fatongia", i reira hoki te wa tuatahi hainatia e te pseudonym Paora Eluard - ingoa kuia.

I runga i te mua o te rohi pehe taka hoki i te wiki torutoru, i reira e tika ana ki te tikanga rawakore o ana pōauautanga hauora tīmata. Tenei wheako maungärongo ake i roto i te mahara o te rohi pehe, ka awe a ia. mohio a Paora kei te haere mai te wā hou, i matau ki te ora rerekētanga o te hoia i roto i nga rua, me te kāinga hoia.

Ko te wā pou-pakanga hou

I te 1917 ka hoki ia ki a France Gala me hopea e Paora ia rite tana wahine. Elena me haamana'oraa whawhai hei te faaururaa matua o te rohi pehe, homai ia i te hiahia ki te ora. He tau i muri mai, kua te whānau he tamahine tukua Cecile ko Paora te kohinga o "Poems i roto i te rangimarie."

e kore e he vahaataimi intelligentsia France faauru tumanako. Māngai o toi ranei whakaritea ki nga turanga hou, me ngā rongonui, ranei "he mea o te rau tau." riro paerewa Reo me te ahurea hautaka, me i reira ko he hiahia mo te tahi mea hou.

Dada i roto i nga mahi o Eluard

Maoro, Pol Elyuar, "e kitea e ia" i roto i te i te mau melo o te hapori, "Dada." He i haere ki te iwi ki te ora'i rite, te hunga e e hiahia i roto i te whanaketanga ahurea i roto i France me Europe. I reira, i kitea i te rohi pehe nui heke mai e kore tata anake ki a ia i roto i hoa wairua, engari ano ki te timata ngā tuhituhi.

Maoro, whakarewa Paora ake moheni i huaina "whakatauki nei" (Proverbe). He E whakaputaina tokomaha o ana mahi, me ētahi atu mahi o nga Dadaists. Ko te hononga ki te hoa ma'ihia, te mahuetanga o ratou whakaaro, a ka i roto i 1924, Paora, i muri i te whawhai ki tetahi o nga mema o o te rōpū, ka whakamutu ona mahi i roto i te "Dada", ahakoa tonu te mastermind muri te rōpū mō ngā tau e maha.

Wā toi surreal

I roto i te 1924, mai te ora Eluard ropu pouri. raruraru Family, tohenga ki ngā mātua, te kore o "hoa" i roto i te hanga o te mana kino i runga i te huru o te pehe, a ia whakatau ki te haere ki Marseille. I muri i te whakaputanga o "Hei mate no te mea e kore ia i mate," ia koimutu rau kahore korero tetahi, ara ana whanaunga tata, tae atu tana wahine, whakapono kua mate ia.

I roto i te hawhe tau haere i te ao, i muri i te pukapuka ki tana wahine i roto i Asia mai tahi ki Maksom Ernstom ko Paora i muri i tona whare taenga he pātata ki te "tinana" rōpū. pamphleteers Outlook nei whakaaro surrealism heke mai auaha tino, rite te kaituhi, a whakatuwheratia rohe hou o tona whiti me te tuhi.

Neke atu i te wa, kua ako Europe e Pol Elyuar - rohi pehe French, tika o te huaina nui. faauruhia tona tuakiri te iwi ki te revolution, mahi i te reira i nga ra katoa ki te kitea pā hou, engari kitea Paora ia he āhuatanga hou, rerekē, me te ara rerekē o tona pūkenga.

Love Triangle: Eluard, Gala ko dali

mea Ite o taua wā i rerekē te hononga ki a Paora, me tana wahine. Rua e atea i ia atu, engari i te wa ano i noho hoki maha tahi tau. Kei te mea te reira e tae noa nuitia puta ke a Paora ko Gala ki tahi e te tahi, engari i te wa ano, kua mateaki ki to ratou utuafare.

I roto i te 1929, Gala ko Paora haere ki te hoa hou o te rohi pehe - Salvador Dali. Pol Elyuar hiahia ia ki te whakauru tana wahine ki te poto, me kore whakaaro e ka tahuri ia rātau ki te tapatoru aroha. puta tata tonu mana'o i waenganui Dali ko Galoy, a haere ana tenei haumi hou ki te painga o rua.

Pol Elyuar, ahakoa i pouri ia e te wehenga atu o tana wahine, kahore he take he, me kiripiro. Ia mahue tika, haere te haerenga ao a tawhio noa. I roto i te heke mai, Salvador Dali noa te utu i te whakaahua o Paora, a whakawhetai ia mo tona "purakau" hou. I maoro huri i te reira i roto i taua Gala Dali te āwhina tino ki te whakawhanake i ta ratou mau taleni, me te auaha ki te tae te tihi.

Pol Elyuar, nei haurongo, me te kia ki tonu o te wā kino rerekē ko, e papaki ana i ora tenei wehenga.

aroha New Eluard

e kore a Paora roa mahue anake, a hohoro te tūranga o "Muse matua" e Mariya Bents - kaikanikani, kaiwaiata me te kaituhi i raro i te pseudonym o te NSE. taa ê te reira i i te Gala maramarama mo tona tāú, tapatahi, me te hau. I roto i te Nush ko whakarau tino uaua, i kitea i roto i tona whanonga. Fanauhia ka whakaarahia i roto i te utuafare o haereere noa toi, a ka mohio a te "Pīhanga" katoa o te ora huarahi.

whakatuwheratia NSE āhuatanga hou o te taranata Paora, ka kawea mai ki tona mahi he ariā hou o te kupu "te aroha." I roto i te 16 tau te roa o noho Nush te pokapū o te wairua o te ao o te rohi pehe. mate te aroha ina ohorere i roto i 1934 mate Nush i tetahi o nga huarahi o Paris.

I roto i te Tama'i II o te Ao

i mua i Ahakoa tīmata Nasí Germany te pakanga hōia, i a Paora te huru kino ki te tikanga. I roto i tona whakaaro, ko te mea nui ki te mau tonu taurite i roto i te āhua. I roto i 1939 ka huihuia te pehe ki te mua ki Hitler.

I te mua, kitea ana e ia e kore anake āhuatanga hou o te taranata, te tuku i te maha o ngā pukapuka rotarota tāmau whenua, engari whakakitea ano hoki ia ki te hei o te raro. No te tau maha, ko te mahi matua o Āpure te whakaoranga o Wīwī i nga hoariri, ka whakahoki te rongo i roto i te rohe.

Mai 1942, timata France executions papatipu o piri o te tikanga Communist, a ka riro a Paora he mema o te Pāti Communist. Ko te hiahia ki te mawhiti i te ioka Fascist i he nui i roto i te ora o te rohi pehe, a ka kitea i roto i te lyrics. tuhinga Patriotic kua riro te mata hou o te mahi o Paora Eluard, a ka tumanako France ki te tuku. Pol Elyuar, nei mahi kua riro i roto i ngā rerekētanga maha, noho i roto i te mahara o France, te nuinga rite te rohi pehe pāhoro, herekore toa.

Ko te tau whakamutunga o tona ora

awe Mate Nush te rohipehe. Ko ia anake i roto i tenei ao, me te kore e kitea koe i roto i reira. Hoki te wa whakaaro ara ia o te whakamomori. Ko runga i te whawhai, i mate Muse me kihai i a Paora kitea ia i roto i tenei ao. No te tau maha, ki tonu ana mahi i ki te pouri fakamātoato wahi e i runga i te hari tāmau whenua mo ratou ake āhua.

Tona aroha whakamutunga - Dominica, tutaki ia tata i mua i tona mate. I roto i te 1952, i te tau o 57 tau, ka mate te rohipehe o te whakaeke ngakau. Pol Elyuar, nga tau o te ora i puta i roto i nga wa uaua mo te whenua, i mahue he kainga tupu nui i roto i te hītori o France.

Pol Elyuar: meka ngā i te haurongo

• I muri i te matenga o te rohi pehe i roto i tona ara whakamutunga ārahina mano o te iwi i roto i Paris.

• I roto i te 1952, i mahi Eluard i Moscou i te tau Viktora Gyugo.

• I te 1952 ka e ia te toa o te Tohu Ao.

• Tae noa te mutunga o tona ora tuhituhi a Paora ki tona ex-wahine, i roto i te tumanako e pai hoki ia ki a ia. E, i roto i o te faatura mo tana ex-tane, e kore ahau e ahau whai hoa ki Dali noa mate o te rohipehe.

• I muri hoko maheni ki Picasso, tuhituhi a Paora i te "Victory o Guernica."

• Mātārere ki te mahi o Paora Edyuara maka rererangi mo Paris i roto i te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao.