Waho i te käwanatanga ture tohungatanga: whakaahuatanga me ngā āhuatanga o

He kanorau i roto i te āhua tohungatanga ture hoki te take taihara, ā, me te whakahaere. Na reira, hoatu ana ratou e ki te anga o ngā pokapū kāwanatanga ētahi wā kore. Ko te tikanga e ratou kawe i ngā tukanga e kua whakaritea atu pinepine.

E mea pinepine i reira ko te āhuatanga ina e hiahia ana koe i te waho i te käwanatanga whakamātautau whare whakawā. A feruri i teie wā, me te te mahi o te whakahaere i roto i nei whakahaere reira.

A, no te tahuri ki te kāwanatanga-kore institution whare whakawā?

Ko te hiahia mo enei whakahaere whakatika ina pehia rawa nga tari kāwanatanga e hāngai ana. I tua atu, kei te tahuri whakahaere kāwanatanga-kore i roto i te wā e whai ake nei:

• ka tika whakamātautau e kore e whakamana i roto i ngā pūtahi tūmatanui;
• He taea ngā tukanga, engari tohunga kakai ngāue rawa ngaro ranei e tika ana ki te mate, hararei, me ētahi atu take;
• marae, te imi me nga rōpū whai wāhi e hiahia ana ki i puritia ai te whakamātautau whare whakawā waho i te käwanatanga i roto i te wāhi ngā, rite reira e mahi mātanga tino tohu;
• pärurenga, parenga whakawakia ranei, ui te tahi atu rōpū te paetahi ore o te kaimahi whare tūmatanui.

Ture, i roto i te tahuri, e kore e rāhuitia te whai wāhi o ēnei whakahaere.

tohu

Ko te taumata o enei whakahaere, o te akoranga, rerekē. E mea pinepine mahi ratou tohunga tino whakangungua ki te mātauranga e tika ana. tohunga ngā kaimahi i roto i a ratou i te moka. Ko tata katoa o nga kaimahi e kia whai wāhi ki te arotake i te wā tino wero.

Fele, hiahiatia whakamātautau whare whakawā waho i te käwanatanga i roto i take o taua hamene, me te apitireihana, me "statesmen" i ako i ki ngā take taihara. I te wa ano, i enei whakahaere nuinga rere nui tere atu i roto i ngā rōpū kāwanatanga-fatuhia. I tua atu ki te tohungatanga, whakarato ratou atu ratonga, pērā i hoatu tohutohu ki ngā pakihi me takitahi.

Na roto i te ture, kawea tenei momo o te mahi i roto i kahore te raihana. I te wa ano, tohunga o te mahi tohu tiketike i roto i te kōtaha e hāngai ana o te whakahaere mo e te whakamātautau ko te mahi ngaio matua.

I te tahi taime e whakapumautia enei pūtahi i teitei whare mātauranga. Na ka he kaiako me ahorangi i roto i te tari whare whakawā kaimahi. mahi tenei whakahaere i raro i te Moscow State ture Academy i raro i te ingoa "Commonwealth MGUA tohunga."

tohunga

kia tohunga Forensic kaimahi wā-tonu ranei te whiwhi i te mana o taua whakatau te marae ki te whakahaere rangahau i roto i te take ngā. Na ka, ka kiia reira ki te whare, i whakaritea nei te tohunga. tohu te tuhinga ki te wheako raraunga, mātauranga, tikanga, me te mahi. I tua atu, takoto te marae kei te ki tirohia te mātau o te tangata, me te whakarite ko reira kore o moni i roto i te take. Enei 'ulungaanga me objectivity e hiahiatia ki te kawe i tenei momo o te mahi.

Tohunga me ngā pūtahi tohunga

I roto i te mahi, tupu te reira e e konatunatua enei ariā e rua. Ko tenei te mea e tupu ki te kore te whakatau e tohu i te raraunga tohunga, iti anake e nga āhuatanga faufaa o te faanahoraa.

Fakakaukau angé ki he tauira i reira te tohungatanga pāpori-fakaetangatá, ka whakaako ano ia ki te mau pūkenga matua o i whakaritea te whare wānanga. tohu te taumira i enei tangata. Hoki ki a ia i matou ki te haina i te whakakape o raihana. Ko hanga kawenata e pā ana ki te mahi i kore ki a ia, a i te maro arumoni, te wahi ka e ia te moni. Noatia, kia whakaara taua huru feaa rite ki nga hua o te whakamātautau, i te mea te mea i tupu. Na reira, kia waiho koutou tupato, me te ki te faaoti i te kirimana ki te tangata motuhake te whakahaere e kua te mana o te institution tohunga ranei.

Ko tētahi atu ako take tapaea tatou te whai ake. Hoki te whakamātautau o te imi ka ui LLC. Te whakahaere, kia rite ki tahuri reira i roto i, te tūnga anake ano hei tohunga. fekau'i 'Tumu he ako o tona kaimahi, a faataa ki a ia te kawenga. Heoi, ko te mutunga hua o te korero kitea feaa whaitake i runga i te pūtake e mutu te kirimana i ki te whakahaere i roto i te puka o te kamupene. e kore e Tuamata reira ki te mana o te whakahaere tohunga. Ko te kupu, e kore e te tumu i te mana o te whakahaere tohunga, a i kahore tika ki whakamārama fakatāutaha te hopoi'a o tona kaimahi. Na reira, e ore taua mahi.

pūtahi tohunga

He maha umanga e whakaatu ia ratou rite te whakarato he mahi mō te arotake aropā. Engari kia tatou e kore e wareware i te whāinga matua o ratou - arumoni. I nga Directors o enei whakahaere e kore e ngohengohe ki te tika me te herenga e whai tohunga pūtahi kaiwhakahaere. Tikanga, ki te kawe i ngā mahi i roto i enei tari whai wāhi tohunga waho ki te matauranga e tika ana, i runga i te pūtake kirimana.

reira i te mea e tika ana ki te matau i te mana o te hinonga ture. hoatu whakamāramatanga kei roto i te Tuhinga 5 palakalafi 60 o te Code. E ai ki tenei, whakaae ana he institution tohunga te whakatü takotoranga whare whakawā i roto i nei ki te whakaputa rite ki te ture nei whare whakawā.

Ko te kupu, kia riro te reira e ko te reira he faanahoraa e i raro i te ture tivira ko te whakahaere pai-kore. Profit kore ko reira te whāinga matua. e kore e taea te whakahaua mahi tohunga whare whakawā i roto i te āhua nuinga ki te painga. Na reira, ko te reira te whakahaere arumoni me kore hoki.

Tauira o ngā rōpū tohunga

Heoi, ki te mea he whakahaere ki te ahua ture o tohunga mahi kamupene nei e taea te whakatutuki i te tohungatanga e hāngai ana, o te akoranga, ka taea e a kia pīra ki a ratou. Ko te mea matua - ki te mau i te ōkawa katoa, e kore e nga hua o te rangahau ui.

Na, pai reira he ingoa pai i roto i to ratou kōtaha Ltd., i roto i nei te tohungatanga hanga ture, me te kāwanatanga-kore - "Garant Tohunga". kaimahi te reira i tohunga nui-te piha haapiiraa. Na e te aha te maha whakawhirinaki te kamupene ki te kawe i nga akoranga tohunga tino matatini.

Ko tētahi atu whakahaere rite whakaaro ko te "Center o whakamātautau ture, me te nonstate" Index "." Te kamupene whakarato ratonga e whakahaere whawhati tata, metarahi, engineering hiko, me te tahi atu akoranga. Hei kawe i roto i tokomaha o ratou momo whiwhi he raihana. Center o whakamātautau ture, me te nonstate "taupū" mohio te mana ture, ngā pokapū kāwanatanga me ētahi atu whare tūmatanui, me te kamupene nui i roto i Russia, a ki waho.

kōmihana

E ai ki te PP o te 20.12.2006 tuhia Hupirimi Arbitration Kooti, i raro i te tau 66, e taea te kawea whakamātautau tūmatanui, me te kore-whare whakawā i roto i roto i pūtahi, ranei kia waiho ai nga tangata whai wāhi nei riro mohio motuhake.

Ko te raruraru i runga ake, ka whakaritea te ako ko Ltd., maha toutou me te ako tohunga institution. Ki te karo i haupūtanga, mo te ako kia hoatu he tangata motuhake - he tohunga. Na takoto te matenga o te whakahaere e ki te whakamārama ki a ia te kawenga. Ko te kupu, me tirohia te marae i roto i tetahi whare i te aroaro o te kaimahi e kua te mōhiotanga me ngā pūkenga e tika ana.

tohu

Ko te take i whakaaetia te tukanga e ki te whakamahi i ngā taunakitanga o te tohunga e mahi mo te pokapū waho i te käwanatanga o te tohungatanga ture, ka taea e tino whakawhānui i te hōkai o te whiwhi taunakitanga i roto i ture.

riro tenei kua nui rawa ka tomo i roto i tenei tohu mara i roto i Russia. Hoki tenei RFTSSE roto te Tāhū o te Ture i hanga te whare o te tohu noa. I roto i tenei take, ai:

• whakamātautau me te tūtohu i te whakamahi o ngā tikanga motuhake i roto i te hanga o ngā whakamātautau whare whakawā;
• aromatawai i te mātau o te tohunga, me te whakaū i te reira.

kawea te tukanga i roto i rite ki te ture "Hangarau Ture". A, no te he tohunga i roto i o ratou mahi mā te whakamahi i ngā tikanga noa ki te whakatau i nga whakaritenga o te tohu mātauranga i roto i rua kāwanatanga me te kāwanatanga-kore pūtahi, e tauturu te reira ki te whakarite i te hua atu tika, pono, me te reproducible. Ko te tinana tiwhikete ko te Russian Federal Center o whakamātautau ture, me te nonstate (taupū (Moscow) - 109028) i raro i te Tāhū o te Ture. Poto - RFTSSE.

I raro i tenei pūnaha, whakamatauria a puta rauemi huarahi, aratohu hoki ngā mahi tohunga i roto i te whenua. Whakamahia me paerewa o te ao. Hei tauira, whakatinana i te whakamātautau whare whakawā waho i te käwanatanga ki waho i muri i haere i te whakamanatanga o ngā pūtahi e hāngai ana i roto i te runga i ISO 17025 paerewa i roto i Russia haere reira i raro i te tau ISO / IEC 17025-2000.

te whakaritenga whakamutunga whakamatauria ki te kia nui whānui atu i te paerewa o te ao. A i roto i te 2008 tangohia he GOST R hou i raro i te tau 52960 - 2008. E tāutu ana te reira i ngā whakaritenga motuhake mō te taputapu mō taiwhanga me ngā kaimahi. utua te aro matua te ki whakangungu.

Ki te tohu institution ki te whai wāhi aroturuki te kounga o te mahi, me te tūtohu tohunga te tino pai-matau i roto i te ngā kaitono kaupapa kaiwhakawa. Tohunga aro mātai matua rite ki o ratou tohu, mōhiotanga me te wheako ngaio putu.

Non-State Forensic Center, te tikanga whakahaere i runga i te taua ture o te whakahaere, me te whakahaere, me taua State. I roto i ona tuhinga taketake tikanga reira e te mahi matua, ko te ïa whakamātautau whare whakawā, me te āwhina i roto i tenei tukanga. A i roto i nga whakahau, me ngā tohutohu o te tēnā tohua tika, mau ohipa, me ngā kawenga o te matenga, ona kaimahi me ētahi atu take katoa e pā ana ki te mahi ngaio i roto i te pokapū whare whakawā.

institution Tūmataiti: te tika, me te mau ohipa o te matenga

Ahakoa te meka e kore e te ture i roto i ngā mōhiohio i runga i te tika, me te mau ohipa o te matenga o te mana pūrongo o te whakahaere tohunga, i roto i te meka nei hoki e ngawari ki te taua mana rite te matenga o te pokapū kāwanatanga. Ko te kupu, ana kawenga ngā:

• rangahau kōmihana ki tetahi he rōpū o ngā tohunga e whai nui mohio ki te whakahoki i te pātai fai e te marae ranei;
• whakamārama i te kawenga tohunga whakaritea mō te hoatu mutunga teka, me te tango i reira te ohaurunga e pā ana ki reira;
• aroturuki production wa, ka rite ki te pai kia rite ki te kakató me te kounga o te mahi, i te wa ano e kore pokanoa ki te tukanga, kia whakarite e te parau tumu o motuhake o te tohunga;
• rite ki te tonoa he whakaaro mohio ki e tika ana mā te whakatū rauemi he tangata ako;
• whakarite i te noho matatapu o te tukanga me te hua o te ako.

Ltd., he-kāwanatanga kore Center mō te Examination Forensic, i mutu i te kirimana mo kia rapua e te ti'amâraa mana ki pau te utu e pā ana ki te whakamātautau:

• utu mō ngā whakaurunga rokiroki mō whakamātautau, te whakahaere waka;
• ratou transportation ki te wahi o te ūnga;
• rokiroki i muri i te whakamātautau;
• Kua hua toremi o ahi, pahūtanga ranei te tahi atu hopearaa i rangahau o tiketike-mōrea.

Ko te tahi atu tika me herenga, kia whakaritea e ratou i roto i runga i te mea te mana o te Research Centre o whakamātautau ture, me te nonstate. Ko te kupu, ka waiho i te tohunga utu moni te ite hoatu herehere teka i raro i te ture e hāngai ana. Otiia i runga i te matenga, kia rite ki te tikanga, te pikaunga o ngā kawenga taonga mo ratou mahi rawakore, mai ko ia te reira te tangata haina nga tuhinga ◊oatu fakataha e pā ana ki te tukanga.

Ohauru i taunahatanga

A, no te Ko te kāwanatanga kāwanatanga-kore whakamātautau ture ranei, titau te ture he tohunga ki te tango i te ohaurunga e fakatokanga ia e pā ana ki ngā kawenga taihara mō te mutunga te ite teka. mahi tēnei i runga i te puka motuhake.

Ki te hanga e koe i te tohungatanga ture waho i te käwanatanga i waho te whare mo, me hainatia te tuhinga i mua i te tīmatanga o te ako i te wa, ka homai te imi e tangata te whakatau i runga i te tikanga whakarite.

tohunga waho i te käwanatanga e te nuinga i roto i te mutunga, ara, i roto i te wahi talateu, faaite atu e fakatokanga e pā ana ki fatongia taihara.

ohauru

Ētahi tohunga waho i te käwanatanga e kore e nei i te mana o te kaipakihi takitahi, pane whaiaro-hanga o e homai te muri i roto i te tuhinga e hāngai ana. O te akoranga, whakaae kore e taea e tenei pepa e tika.

Me unu ohaurunga i runga i te puka motuhake, me te noho ki te imi. I tua atu, i te mutunga o te kuputuhi e kore e whakaratohia. kia roto i te reira i ngā mōhiohio anake e riro te whakatūpato e pā ana ki mātanga fatongia taihara me i faataa tika katoa ki a ia.

I te wa ano, ka taea te pupuri i te ohaurunga i roto i te whare herehere, engari e mahi tika. tohu te reira i te tūranga, ingoa me te raraunga i tukua te whakamātautau me te faataa nga tika, mau ohipa, me ngā kawenga. Here kia te rā, me te hainatanga o te tohunga.

mutunga

Ko te kupu, forensics ko he mahi e ngā taumahi whare whakawā, rangahau me te whakatau tuhi te whakamahi i te matauranga motuhake. Center o whakamātautau ture, me te nonstate, i runga i te ringa kotahi, me te tinana whakamōhiotia, te tukanga a meinga ana - i runga i te tahi atu i te ringa, me tino piri ki te kōrero katoa o te whakahaerenga. Kore, ka taea e te rangahau e inadmissibility.

Ki te whakaritea, hei tauira, he whakamātautau whare whakawā waho i te käwanatanga, he mea tika ki te whakapūtā i te kōrero whakatau o te tohunga ngā. Na e tutaki nga tika o ngā kaiuru katoa i roto i te tamataraa.