Waikura parahi

Cuprum (Cu) e pā ana ki te maha o konganuku tautauā. Kei te āhuatanga i te reira e te hanganga o ngā pūhui matū ki āhua hāora o +1 me +2. Hei tauira, te waikura rua, ko te pūhui o e rua ngā āhuatanga o Cu me te hāora e: pitihāoratanga kāwanatanga +1 - cuprous Cu2O waikura, me te āhua pitihāoratanga +2 - parahi waikura CuO. Ahakoa te meka e ngā ratou o nga āhuatanga matū taua, engari ia o ratou kua ona ake āhuatanga motuhake. I roto i te whakarewa makariri tali rawa ngonge ki te hāora i roto i te rangi, hipoki ki te kiriata, i te mea he waikura parahi, e ārai whare piti hāora cuprum. A, no te tahu, te tino oxidized he taonga ohie ki te tau raupapa 29 i roto i te ripanga pūmotu. I roto i tenei take hoki i hanga o konukura waikura (II): 2Cu + O2 → 2CuO.

Ko te totoka hāurakaho-whero ki te taimaha o te 143,1 g / kamiriona rāpoi waikura Nitrous. Te pūhui he pāmahana rewa o 1235 ° C, he ira koropupū o 1800 ° C. e kore e tareka te reira i roto i te wai, engari memeha i roto i te waikawa. konukura tupu waikura (ahau) i roto i te wairewa haukini (hāngai), hanga he te huitahi matatini [Cu (NH3) 2] +, e te ngāwari oxidized i roto i te rangi ki te haukini tae puru-papura matatini [Cu (NH3) 4 (H2O) 2] 2+ memeha i roto i te waikawa pūhaumāota ki te hanga i CuCl2. I roto i te hītori Semiconductor ahupūngao Cu2O ko tetahi o te rauemi tino ako.

Parahi waikura (ahau), hoki e mohiotia ana Sinks he āhuatanga taketake. Ka taea te rite te reira i te piti hāora o te whakarewa: 4Cu + O2 → 2 Cu2O. Poke pērā i te wai, me te waikawa ki te pā i te tere o tenei tukanga, me hāora atu ki te waikura ferrous. Ka taea te rewa waikura Cuprous i roto i te waikawa pungatara, reira hanga he whakarewa parakore me te tote ona: H2SO4 + Cu2O → Cu + CuSO4 + H2O. He kaupapa rite ko te taunekeneke o te waikura ki te tohu o te piti hāora o tetahi whakarewa ki ētahi atu waikawa hāora-kei roto. I roto i te tauhohenga o te waikawa Sinks ki te puka tote halogenated monovalent whakarewa: 2HCl + Cu2O → 2CuCl + H2O.

Kitea waikura parahi (ahau) i roto i te āhua rite ore whero (tenei ingoa tawhito, me ki pērā i he harariu Cu), kohuke i huaina "Cuprite". I tona hanganga e te wa roa. Ka taea te hua te reira āwenewene ranei i pāmahana teitei i raro i te pēhanga hāora tiketike. Nitrous te tikanga whakamahia rite te fungicide, rite te ngarahu, rite te kaihoko antifouling raro i roto i te peita moana ranei, a ka whakamahia ano hoki rite te whakakōkī.

Heoi, kia kino te pānga o tenei taonga ki te Cu2O tātai matū i runga i te rauropi. A, no te hau, ai reira hāhā o te manawa, mare, me ulceration me perforation o te wahi romahā. Ki te horomia, irritating ki te wahi gastrointestinal, haere tahi e ruaki, te mamae me te korere.

Higher waikura parahi i roto i te ahua ko te paura i parauri ki te pango. Puta i te reira fakanatula rite te kohuke, "te tikanga" i roto i tona puka parakore. Ko tōna pāmahana rewa ko 1326 ° C, kohua mata 2,000 ° C. Ko reira rewakore i te wai, te waipiro, te haukinia waihā, otinga haukinia pākawa waro. Wairewa i roto i wairewa waiwai o te haukini pūhaumāota me te konurehu cyanide. Tenei pango totoka taea te whiwhi mā te para i roto i te rangi Cu. Heoi, i roto i tenei take i hanga ano hoki waikura Cu. Te faaineineraa o te parahi waikura CuO kōwhiri ki pūhui whakawera:

• parahi (II) pākawa 2Cu (NO3) 2 4 → NO2 + O2 + 2CuO;

• parahi (II) waihā Cu (OH) 2 → H2O + CuO;

• parahi (II) pākawa waro CuCO3 → CO2 + CuO.

Cuprum (II) he taketake waikura, na memeha reira i roto i te waikawa kohuke (pūhaumāota, pungatara me te hauota) ki te hoatu i te hāngai divalent Cu tai:

• 2HCl + CuO → CuCl2 + H2O;

• H2SO4 + CuO → CuSO4 + H2O;

• 2HNO3 + CuO → Cu (NO3) 2 + H2O.

Tauhohe waikura konukura (II) ki te alkali hāngai ki te hanga i te tote: 2 KOH + CuO + H2O → K2 [Cu (OH) 4].

kia hoki kia heke te waikura ki Konganuku Cu i te tauhohenga ki te hauwai ranei te waro haukura :

• H2 + CuO → Cu + H2O;

• CO + CuO → Cu + CO2.

Whakamahi o konukura waikura (II) i roto i te okouku (rite te ngarahu) mo te pīata (puru, matomato, me te whero, a ētahi wā māwhero, hina ranei mangu). Kei te whakamahia hoki te reira i rite te tāpiri kai i roto i te kararehe ki te whakaiti i hē cuprum i roto i te tinana. Ko tēnei rauemi auaha, i te mea e tika ana ki te taputapu kaupapa optical. Kei te whakamahia te reira mo te hanga o ngā pākahiko maroke mo te faaineineraa o te tahi atu tai Cu. Kei te whakamahia hoki te pūhui i CuO alloys fehokotaki'anga parahi.

Ka taea hoki te rongo ki te pūhui matū kia kino mo te tinana tangata CuO. A, no te hau, meinga tana pukapuka ritenga. Parahi waikura (II) kia meinga kohu konganuku kirika (MFF). Cu waikura whakaoho te huringa i roto i te tae kiri, kia whai raruraru ki te kanohi. A, no te ingested rite Sinks arata'i ki poisoning, haere tahi nei i ngā tohu o te ruaki me te mamae.