Whakapae a Panēke: te timatanga o te ao quantum

E whakamārama ana tēnei tuhinga ki ta te whakapae o Panēke, e ko tona kaiwhakarewa, a pehea nui ko reira hoki te whanaketanga o te pūtaiao hou. whakaaturia hoki ko te uara o te whakaaro quantization mo te microcosm katoa.

Atamai me te ahupūngao aronui

Ko te ao hou huri noa tatou he hangarau rawa rerekē i katoa e he maheni mo tetahi rau tau ki muri. ka taea tenei katoa anake e tika ana ki te meka e i te ata o te rau tau rua tekau, kua hinga kaipūtaiao he tauārai, me te pae hopea matau: e kore he tonu te taonga i roto i te tauine iti. Na uakina ana e ahau te wā o tona whakaaro tangata whakamiharo - Maks kurupae.

Haurongo Panēke

Ko tona ingoa: tetahi o nga taimau tinana, whārite aronui, te hapori pūtaiao i roto i Germany, he asteroid Koinei runga te marama, he karu wāhi. whaowhao tona whakapakoko i runga i te moni, ka tāngia i runga pane me monipuka. Nahea te he tangata ko Maks kurupae? I whanau ia i roto i te rau tau waenganui-iwa, ko te hapu rangatira Tiamana o te tikanga tano. I roto i ona tupuna i maha rōia pai me minita. he pai mātauranga M.Plank, engari hauti huaina physicists hoa reira "whaiaro-whakaako". mōhiotanga Basic o te kaipūtaiao ka i ngā pukapuka.

whanau whakapae o Panēke i roto o te whakaaro e te takahi ahu reira. puritia ia "pūtaiao ko te tino nui" parau tumu i roto i tona mahi pūtaiao. I roto i te Ao Tuatahi tamata Pakanga Panēke ki te pupuri i ngā hoapā ki hoa ke i hoariri Germany. Ko te taenga mai o nga kau Nasí mau ia rite te kaiwhakahaere o te hapori nui pūtaiao - ka rapu te kaipūtaiao ki te tiaki i to ratou kaimahi, i āwhina ki te haere ki waho ki te hunga e rere ana i te tikanga. Heoi e kore ko te whakapae o Panēke te kotahi anake hoki i whakaaro ai ia. Heoi, ia kore nuitia korero atu ki Hitler, āhua ite e kore kino anake ratou, engari ano hoki e taea e ki te āwhina i te hunga e hiahiatia ana i te reira. Kia aroha mai, kihai i tokomaha physicists farii i tenei tūranga Panēke ka mutu e ōrite ana ki a ia. I ia rima tamariki, te whakaotinga, me te anake i ora i tona papa. ka mau te tama mātāmua te tuatahi, te waenganui - te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao. kihai i E rua nga tamahine ora whanau ana. I roto i tenei take, tuhia to'utangata e ko anake te whare Panēke ia.

puna quanta

Mai i mataotao kura hiahia i roto i te ture tuarua o thermodynamics. na ô te reira i whai ake nei: Kei te piki haere anake tetahi tukanga te hepohepo, me te mate o te pūngao papatipu ranei. Ko ia te tuatahi ki te whakatakoto i te reira tenei ara - i roto i ngā o te piraunga, e taea anake ake i roto i te pūnaha thermodynamic. I muri mai, ko reira kua arahina tenei mahi ki te whakapae i i whakatakoto te Panēke rongonui. Ko ia ano hoki tetahi o te hunga e whakaurua te whakarerenga iho ki te faaite i te pāngarau, me te ahupūngao, tata te hanga i te wāhanga ariā o te muri. I mua ia i te whakauru i nga tikanga taiao katoa, a ka whakamana te ngā i taiwhanga kotahi, e e tata kihai i rerekē i alchemical.

Ko te whakapae o te quanta

Exploring te piraunga o te ngaru hiko i roto i te ngā o nga oscillators, ka hāngai ki runga ki nga raraunga whakamātautau whiwhi hoki nga ra e rua i mua ki a Oketopa 19, 1900, whakaurua Panēke pūtaiao tetahi tātai e pai muri ka huaina e tona ingoa. hono te reira i te pūngao me te roangaru o te pāmahana radiation (i roto i te take whāiti mō blackbody). Hoki te po i muri Kāre ana hoa i raro i te aronga o Rubens ki whakaū i tēnei ariā. Na he tika ia! Heoi, ki te whakamatau takahi takea mai i tenei whakapae tātai, me te kupu karo mure ore momo hōhonutanga pāngarau Panēke i ki te ite i tukuna e pūngao te awa e kore e tonu, rite whakaaro i mua, me te takitahi wahi (E = hν). unuhia ana tēnei huarahi te ki raro, fakakaukau ngā katoa o te totoka. revolutionized whakapae aronui o Panēke ahupūngao.

Ko te mau hopearaa o te quantization

I te tuatahi, e kore te pūtaiao i ite i te faufaa o tona kitea. Hoki te ia, i whakamahia te tātai muia anake ratou rite te ara watea ki te whakaiti i te maha o ngā mahi pāngarau ki te tātai. I te wa ano e rite ana Panēke me ētahi atu pūtaiao whakamahia te whārite tonu o Maxwell. Puputuu anake h tamau, e kore i taea e nei whakahaere ki te hoatu i te tikanga tinana. Anake i muri Albert Eynshteyn ko Paora Ehrenfest, te tai'oraa i te ari hou katoa o ira, me te ngana ki te kitea he tika pāngarau o te tūāwhiorangi whatu, te kitenga o te faufaa o te mea Panēke whakapae. Kei te mea te reira e te pūrongo i runga i te mea i whakamana tuatahi te tātai te quantization o pūngao, kua whakatuwheratia te wā hou o te ahupūngao. Pea, ko Einstein te tuatahi ki te ite i te timatanga. Na te reira ki tona nama rawa.

He aha te mea quantized

He motuhake āhua katoa e taea te tango i runga i tetahi matūriki timatanga. Electronic mau kia kei anake i etahi taumata. ngota excitation rite te tukanga ritenga - puta kōhikohiko rawa paheke. Tetahi pāhekoheko hiko - he utu o pūaho o te pūngao e tika ana. Ko te pūngao o te ngota o te tangata kauae anake e mahara ki te āhua motuhake o te taumata pūngao. Tūmanako, i teie nei e kore e kaipānui i te pātai, he aha te mea te whakapae o Panēke, me aha he tona pānga i runga i te ao hou, e te tikanga e ia o te iwi.