Whakataetae free: ariā, tikanga, utu

Ko te āhuatanga matua o tetahi mākete ko te whakataetae. I tua atu ki te supply me te tono, whakarato tenei huānga tona mahi.

Ko te whakamāramatanga

I roto i te meka, ka karanga te whakataetae ko rerekē momo o totohe ōhanga i waenganui i nga umanga, kamupene me kaipakihi e hua taonga ratonga ranei. Ko te whakaaro o ratou aroraa ko ki te whiwhi tikanga atu pai mo te whakahaere o ngā mahi production, te iteraa o te hua, me te reira ake i hua.

Ko te ngako o te whakataetae

Ko te oraraa o te whakataetae i roto i te manakohia fakatupu tauwehe peia kaitukumahi ki te rapu rongoā whai hua atu puta take pakihi me ngā raruraru. whakataetae pānga motuhake kua runga i te kounga o te hua, me te rite i runga i te tere o te hoko.

I te tahi taime te puka o te totohe ōhanga tae hanganga epic, me nga hihiritanga, me kare tae te taumata taua e te wā "whakataetae" he nui atu i tika.

He pai hoki te mākete te whakataetae

Haere mai i runga i te mākete, kaihanga i ki te paruru tonu ratou tūranga, te kore e waiho e ratou i roto i te maha kaihoko puruhi hua angamaheni. Hei kukume i te aro o te kaihoko, kei te tono ratou hangarau hou, ngā hua whakahoutia, e tata e matakitaki ana i nga whanaketanga pūtaiao, me te hangarau hou, me te whakatinana ratou i roto i o ratou tukanga production. I tua atu, i roto i nga ngākau nuitanga o te kaiwhakanao - te tono o te huarahi kouma ki te tohatoha o ona rauemi (rauemi, mahi, pūtea).

Wātea o ngā āhuatanga whakataetae i roto i te mākete taea kiritaki ki te whakamahi i te tino pai, whai hua, ātaahua, me te-utu whai hua hua.

momo o te whakataetae

Tenei ariā tino rite "whakataetae", hopoi mai huihui te tokomaha nui o ngā motuhake atu. He he whakataetae whakarōpū rite ki ngā paearu, ki te hua e wehewehe enei momo:

• Kōtuitui.
• Interbranch.
• Fair.
• Taurite.
• Pricing.
• Non-utu.

Mai i te wāhi o te tirohanga o te here e te hunga i roto i te mākete, i reira he whakataetae noa (parakore, tino), me te tia ore. Next ka waiho nga āhuatanga o te mākete mahi i roto i nga tikanga o te whakataetae tino.

Ko te ōhanga mākete o whakataetae free

Ka karanga whakataetae tino, i roto i nei te mākete tuku maha kaihoko me kaihoko (kaihanga) e noho takitahi te tuhaa tika iti o te mākete, me te kore e whakaturia tetahi tikanga mo te hoko hoko ranei o ngā hua.

Me kï reira e whakaaro he whakataetae noa tino te pai te ariā ariā, i te mea tino onge i roto i te ao tūturu (hei tauira, he tata te mākete kararehe ki te nuinga o te tauira).

A, no te riro whakataetae noa e pā ana ki rerekē utu, te āhua o te putanga me te hiahiatanga, me te kamupene-kaihanga me kaihoko tūmatanui, ara i te taumata interregional.

Ko tētahi atu āhuatanga o te whakataetae parakore riro utu free. Ko te utu whakaturia ko kore te kaiwhakanao, me te supply, me te ōwehenga tono.

Tohu o te mākete whakataetae tino

Ki te whakawa i te āhuatanga i roto i te mākete ngā taea te, ka ako nga huru e tohu i te pūnaha o te whakataetae kore utu:

1. kaihoko maha (me kaihoko) he momo rite o ngā hua (kiritaki moni ranei) me te e rite i roto i o ratou mana.
2. E kore tauārai e kia ārai kaiuru hou ki te tomo i te mākete.
3. E whai wāhi ki te kōrero tonu e pā ana ki te hua kaiuru mākete katoa.
4. He ōrite, me te wehe taonga hoko.
5. Ko te ngaro o te taea o te whakamahi i te tikanga kore-ohaoha o mana i runga i te wahi o tetahi rōpū ki te tahi atu.
6. Kei te āhuatanga e nekeneke āhuatanga Production.
7. utu Free.
8. No heriheri (kotahi kaihoko), monopsony (kotahi kaihoko) me te mana āhua i runga i te hanganga o utu, me te supply, me tikanga tono.

Ko te ngaro o ara tetahi o enei tohu e kore e taea te kōrero e pā ana ki taua whakataetae noa (i roto i tenei take, ko reira ta'ehaohaoa). āhuatanga tango te kupu whakaae mō te hanga heriheri arata'i ki whakataetae taurite.

He pai hoki te ōhanga te whakataetae tino

free tikanga whakataetae taea ki a koe te hanga tikanga mākete motuhake e whai hua e rua kaihanga me kiritaki o te hua:

• Ko reira kahore ngaro e etahi o nga whakatau o te tangata ngā whakahaere ranei kia nui pā te paetae o te whāinga e hiahiatia ana. Ko te painga o te aroaro o te whakataetae i roto i te mākete riro rongoā depersonalization ki te raruraru ohaoha, rite reira he kore whai wāhi whaiaro o te kaituku mahi te e pā ana kāwanatanga ranei. Heoi, ki te mau fifi horihori kawea kerēme e ara ake i te tākaro o ope mākete whakataetae.
• tikanga whakataetae free arataki haere noa mutunga o te whiriwhiri. Wātea ki tetahi kaiuru mākete te whai wāhi ki te whiriwhiri noa te rohe matau o te mahi ngaio, ki te kawe i roto i ähua, ki te kawe i runga i mahi. Ka taea e Tikanga mahi te kore te tohu o te taranata, me te aha he kaipakihi e taea ki te whakaemi i te whakapaipai e tika ana.
• Ka taea te i titiro te painga matua o te whakataetae parakore rite te hanganga o ngā āhuatanga mō te ngā, me kiritaki, ina tahuri ratou tokorua atu ki hei te toa.
  tomo nga āhuatanga ki te kaha e tika ana ki te whakaōrite i o te hiahia me te supply, me te hanganga o utu taurite. whakaahua ana te reira i te taumata o utu, i te mea haepapa o te whaipainga haurokuroku o nga taonga ki te kaihoko, me hāngai ki te taumata o ngā utu production.
• ki mākete whakataetae free taea te huaina te regulator o production pāpori, mai i te hanga reira e wātea ana mā te maha o ngā mahi o te āhua ōhanga motuhake. Ka āta whakarite te reira i te oraraa o te tikanga mo te whakamahi ikeiketanga o ngā whanaketanga pūtaiao, me te hangarau, e kua whakamahia i roto i te hanga o ngā hua hou (introduction o tikanga hou me ngā hangarau, te whanaketanga o te whakapai ake tikanga mo te whakahaere me te whakahaere o te tukanga whakaputa). Nga kaiuru o whanaunga mākete i ki urutau me te whakarite ki nga whakaritenga hou o te kounga, ahua me te utu.
• Ko te whakaaro o te pūnaha mākete noa riro te hiahia te tangata hopea. Nā ki tenei, e arotahi ana te ōhanga katoa kei runga i kiritaki me o ratou hiahia (e whakahuatia i roto i te tono whai hua).
• Ko te mākete i runga i nei i te whakataetae tino (free, ma), āhuatanga e tohatoha ikeiketanga o whāiti rauemi: ratou whakamahinga i reira e taea te mahi i tenei tino tōtika.

tūranga o te kāwanatanga i roto i te whanaunga mākete

E ai ki economists maha whakaae e te hanganga mākete kore e taea ki te whakarato i te mau hinaaro o te mau melo katoa o te hapori, na ko reira e tika ana te whakataki o tetahi whare ahei ki te akakoromaki i tenei mahi. E riro e te kāwanatanga ēnei mahi. I roto i te tikanga ki te whakahoki taurite i roto i te āhua kei te tango i etahi mākete mehua ture whanaunga mākete me te whakataetae rite te pai. Ko te mahi matua ture ko te ture Federal "I Protection o Competition", e hāngai ana ona tikanga te nuinga i hanga ngaahi faingata'a ki te hanganga o motuhake.

Huakore me ngā take whakataetae

I roto i te rārangi o nga raruraru matua o te natura pāpori-ōhanga, e kore e taea te whakatika i te mākete, ka taea e tatou te whakarārangi i te whai ake:

• Ngoikore ki te whakarato i te ōhanga ki rawaka pūtea. Na reira, kei te whakarite te kāwanatanga tohanga moni o te whenua.
• Te kore o te whai wāhi ki te whakarite i te hiahia motuhake o te hapori. whakataetae Free ko ki te whakatau i te mau hinaaro o te hunga e tuku moni ratou ki te faaiteraa o te tono utu takitahi, Heoi e tango, ki pūkete atu (rori, pāpuni, waka tūmatanui, me te tahi atu taonga te tikanga mo te whakamahi ngā).
• Ehara i te mea nui pūnaha tohatoha moni ngāwari. Ko te tikanga mākete kite rite ahua tika o te moni whiwhi i roto i te aroraa whakataetae tetahi. Heoi, e kore e tangohia e te reira ki pūkete taua rōpū pāpori rite te hauā, penihana, nga tangata rawakore, me te monokia. Hoki tenei take, kua meinga wawao a te kāwanatanga, me te tohatoha anō o te moni te akiaki.

Ano, e kore e tino mahi mākete whakataetae ngā faatura mo nga rauemi kore-reproducible me āwangawanga mo ratou haumaru. Ki te karo kēkeno me te whakamahi rōnaki o ngahere, rauemi kohuke rāhui me ngā rauemi moana, me te ki te karo i te whakangaromanga o etahi momo o te kararehe, me ngā tipu, akina atu te āhua kei te ki te whakauru tikanga pākaha me ture. Federal Ture "I Protection o Competition" Ko te nui, engari e kore e te tetahi anake, kia rite ki te mākete - te reira rawa he hanganga matatini, me titau ona ture whakaaro o ngā āhuatanga maha.