Whāwehe - he aha te mea tenei? Whāwehe o ngā whāinga. Ko te tikanga o "whāwehe"

I teie mahana, i roto i te tau o tere te huri ao mamati ki noho i te tere o ngā uaua. Ki te whiwhi me tika whakaturia reira katoa ngā whāinga, ngā whāinga, ki te tohatoha me te māngai. Logic me te tātaritanga - te kaiāwhina pai i roto i hei whakaoti rapanga matatini. Ko tētahi o nga taputapu ko te whāwehe mea hangä noa arorau. Kia whai whakaaro ano tatou i te reira i roto i te taipitopito.

whakamāramatanga

I roto i te whānui, i te tikanga o te whāwehe - te wehenga o te katoa ki ngā wāhanga. Ko te tikanga tino ohie, me te māmā e tauturu ia ki te whakaoti rapanga matatini mā te whakaatu ratou rite te moni o nga wahi. Ko te hanga arorau o te whāwehe pūnaha - he tikanga pūtaiao ki te whakaoti raruraru nui e whakakapi i tona rave rahi mahi iti me te māmā.

Tikanga, kawea whāwehe te i roto i te whakamahi i te "rakau raruraru", "rakau o ngā whāinga", "rakau whakatau", "mahi rakau", te hanga o i hanga e te hanganga aroākapa mārama, tae atu subordination poutū me te whakapae, me ngā urupare.

āhuatanga

Ko te pūtake o tetahi whāwehe - he subordination hanganga ki nga ture o te tikanga. Taketake, me te whakahaere i te pūnaha katoa o ture e te whai ake:

1) pūnaha taumata wā katoa me te kitea.

E hāngai ana te tikanga whāwehe te i runga i te taumata o raro kaimahi teitei. tutuki tēnei mā te hanga i te hanganga aroākapa te whakamahi i te "rakau" pera-ka karanga.

hanga Tuatahi ki te hanga i te rakau raruraru me ngā whāinga rakau ki mārama me ngā tohu katoa o te mahi e te hunga e wātea ana i te kau. I roto i tenei tukunga kia titiro rite kia e heheu te mahi o te taumata o raro te mauri o nga mahi o te taumata teitei, me te iti-raruraru katoa ko te kaupapa i roto i te taatoaraa. He mahara ki te pikitia pū, me te tino o te mahi ōrau o te whāwehe o te kaupapa mai anake, no te ki tonu te rakau whāinga ki te 100%.

Ma te arata'ihia e te taurangi ōkawa ohie me arorau, he reira taea hoki ki te hanga i te "rakau me" a "rakau ranei".

2) wehewehea te katoa ki nga wahi kia anake puta mo te āhuatanga kotahi.

fakahu'unga tenei parau tumu e ka kia iti-mahi katoa kaupapa ki te whakaaro kotahi, me te whakaaro. Ka rite ki te tauira, kia waiho te whāwehe he kaupapa hanga. Ka rite ki te āhuatanga wawaetanga matua tangohia he āhuatanga mahi, kua wehea te kaupapa ki ngā wāhanga. Hei tauira, kia ngā reira te wāhanga e whai ake nei: hanga o te raima whakapakaritia (QOL) me rongoā hoahoanga (AR), waihanga whakarewa (CM), whakawera me te ventilation (OS), me ētahi atu I roto i te tahuri, hoki kia kia pakaru ēnei wāhanga ki raro i te mahi, e ko te taumata i muri o iti-ngā taumata kia te aroaro ko te whāinga matua. Hei tauira, wehea whakawera me te ventilation wāhanga (S) e te tuhipoka whakamārama, drawings, whakapaipai, irava o te mana normative me te tirohanga hangarau, tuhinga, te mātakitaki, whakatikatika rite ki nga mau parau, me te pera atu.

I roto i hoki te wā (te wā) kia te whakamahi rite te āhuatanga, whakahe āhuatanga, hanganga āhuatanga, ngā āhuatanga tukatuka, me ētahi atu.

3) Me whakaatu pūnaha katoa whāwehe te mauri o te pūnaha.

Ki te whakaaro tatou te mahi matua rite 100%, na i nga tūmahiroto katoa ki te hanga i te taua 100% i roto i te katoa. I roto i tenei take, ia iti-mahi o te taumata tuatahi ngā te tikanga ōrau e tohu ana i te moni o te tūmahiroto taumata tuarua.

He mea nui te reira ki te matau e kia motuhake o ia atu wehea e tetahi taumata o tūmahiroto katoa, i kia kia hāngai te raupapatanga o ngā mahi i te peka kotahi i runga i te parau tumu o te ti'aturiraa, me te urupare: te wero o te taumata teitei, tei runga i tona subtask me te hurihia.

4) Me whakaritea ako Hōhonu whāwehe te tīmatanga.

I mua i te hanga koe i te hanganga aroākapa, e hiahia ana koe ki te whakatau i ka waiho te taumata whakamutunga o tūmahiroto. I roto i ētahi wā ehara i te mea e tika ana ki te hanga i te rota o ngā taumata, mai i te whāinga o te whāwehe he aritanga. I roto i te take i reira hanga te nahanaha te mo te tātai tangohia, kia waiho te maha o ngā papa pērā i ki te whakatuwhera i te nui taipitopito kaupapa rite taea.

whakarōpū

Ki te rā, i reira e rave rahi ngā momo o te whāwehe. Ka taea e koe te hanga i tou tikanga mo te kaupapa motuhake. Heoi, he whānuitanga nui iti ranei ana ratou ki taketake, ara ūnga whāwehe (tuatahi me te tirohanga taketake) pūnaha (te tukanga o poka ara ana te pūnaha ki pūnaha ki te whakaaro o te ako, me te whiwhi i te hua pai), mahi te tukanga (mahi faaineineraa nahanaha mō te ti'araa ngā ngoikore, me te faatea i te matua me te matua).

Ko te tikanga, kei te honohono enei tukanga katoa, me te tikanga tohu oti hanganga whāwehe.

whāwehe o ngā whāinga

Hei tīmata, unu rakau raruraru me ngā whāinga rakau. Ko te rakau raruraru - ko te hoahoa poraka o nga raruraru matua, pakaru ki te raruraru o te taumata tuarua, me te tuatoru. Ka rite ki taua, hei ratou nui māmā ki te whakaoti. I muri i te tātaritanga taipitopito o te raruraru, ko te take tito rakau i tukua te raruraru rakau. Ko, hoki e whakaarohia ana nga otinga raruraru te. tiakina ana tenei i te hanganga rite kua me tūmahiroto taupuhipuhinga.

tātaritanga o te mahi

Whāwehe o te mahi - ko te hanga arorau, e tīmata ka tohua e te katoa o nga whāinga me ngā wero, me te ko te hanganga aroākapa o mahi katoa ki te kia whakahaeretia ki te whakaoti i tenei ranei e raruraru.

taea ana tēnei arorau ki a koutou te tautuhi i te tohu, e e he raruraru. Mai tūmahiroto whakawhirinaki i runga i nga mahi taumata-tiketike, ko te mahi ka taea te rakau ki a koutou kite wahi i reira he raruraru me tōnounoú. E mea pinepine e tika ana ki ngoikoretanga i roto i te taumata tuatahi o te whāwehe pānga te mahi i ngā taumata o raro.

Hei tauira, ki te kore te te kaihoko tono i runga i nga tīwiri, e kore he pūkete pūpuri te kaute, me te kore e hoko ia ratou. I te pae hanga utu katoa reira, no te mea te installers kore nui mō pokekore whaiaro-mirimiri.

fariiraa matarohia

Hoki te tātaritanga atu taipitopito o ngā hanganga, tautuhi ratou mau paruparu, te whāinga matua me ngā tohutohu, ngā mahi, kaupapa me ngā mahi kawea i roto i ngā pūnaha whāwehe.

wehea te pūnaha kei te whakapae a poutū ki ngā taumata. Me hanga ratou he pikitia whānui o te hanganga. pūnaha whāwehe - ko te tauira noa o te raupapatanga mō te ahua o te whāwehe tetahi tenei.

Taupānga i roto i te mahi

Hei whakaahua me te tātari i te mahi o nga kamupene, i rite te tikanga, whakamahia te tukanga whāwehe. Ki te awhina o te nahanaha e taea te whakatau i te ngā ngoikore o te kamupene, ngā wāhi i reira puta rahunga.

Tukanga whakaiti te kaupapa whānui ka tātarihia, i muri i nei te pūrongo taipitopito e pā ana ki te kamupene.

He tauira o te whāwehe

Ka rite ki te tauira, whakaaro he kaupapa mo te hanga o ngā whakapaipai hanga. kawea Development i roto i roto i te 2 kaupae: tuhinga mahi me te tuhinga hoahoa. Tenei ka waiho i te taumata tuatahi o te iti-mahi. I te wā hoahoa, ka kia te aroaro o te ako tata me kaupapa. I te mahi taahiraa i te taua. Tenei subtask taumata tuarua. Hei tauira, kei te nuinga o te aroaro o te kaupapa i roto i te puka o te wahi e whai ake nei:

• Whakarāpopototanga Matua;
• whakamahere whenua kaupapa whakahaere ;
• rongoā hoahoanga;
• mārohirohi me wāhi-whakamahere rongoā.

Aru i te iti-wāhanga:

• pūnaha mana;
• pūnaha supply wai;
• pūnaha waikeri;
• whakawera, ventilation me te whāhauhau, whatunga whakawera;
• whatunga kōrero;
• pūnaha hau supply;
• rongoā hangarau.

Tekiona me tekiona o te kaupapa me ngā tuhinga mahi - he toru o nga tūmahiroto taumata tenei.

Kei roto i ia wāhanga o etahi wāhanga me ka i roto i ngā mōhiohio i roto i te runga ki paerewa kāwanatanga. Hei tauira, te wāhanga o te kaupapa hangarau me ngā rongoā te kuputuhi o te whakaahuatanga taipitopito o te flowsheet tukanga me ngā taputapu riro, te wahi whakairoiro (mahere, wāhanga, ngā whakatakotoranga), taputapu aia, hoahoa kaupapa, toronga pae, haere mana normative me mana hangarau, te tuhinga tuku.

I ia taumata, i whakaritea e te kai-haepapa, e ka hiahiatia hua. I roto i tenei tauira, ko te taumata tuatahi o te whāwehe o nga kaihaka - ko te upoko o te tari hoahoa, ko te tuarua - te tino kaipūkaha o te kaupapa (gui), te tuatoru - Engineers hoahoa.

Ko te āhuatanga tino nui

Whāwehe - Ko te tikanga o te arorau ōkawa, ako kounga mahi e pā ana te raruraru matua, kia rite ki te matua whakaaro o te mahi. Ka āta whakarite tēnei i te whai wāhitanga o te kaimahi i ngā taumata katoa ki te whakatutuki i te mahi taumata-maha. Tenei taea te kaupapa tino pai, ki te iti haumi pūtea, me te kaha.