A Charles Babbage Analytical Engine: whakaahuatanga, ngā āhuatanga, hītori me ngā āhuatanga

Charlz Bebbidzh (1791-1871) - he pionie o te hanga engineering rorohiko, nei whakawhanakehia kōeke 2 rorohiko - Difference me Analytical. ka te tetahi tuatahi tona ingoa e tika ana ki te mau parau tumu pāngarau i runga i nei hāngai ai - te tikanga o ngā rerekētanga tahuti. Ko tōna ataahua i roto i te whakamahi motuhake o te tauhanga tua i waho te hiahia mō te whakareatanga me te wehenga, e he pakeke ki te ite mihini.

Neke atu i te tātaitai

Difference Engine Babbage tohu te pūrere tatau. Mahi i te reira tau tikanga anake i te mea nehenehe o tonu tāpae ratou rite ki te tikanga o ngā rerekētanga tahuti. e kore e taea te whakamahi i te reira no te tātaitanga tauhanga whānui. Tātari o Babbage mīhini taua nui, nui atu i te tātaitai tika. tohu te reira i te whakawhitinga i te tauhanga ki mīhini tauine-tonu-whakaaro whānui rorohiko. I ngā wāhanga rerekē o te kunenga mai o te whakaaro o Babbage, i reira i te iti rawa 3 kaupapa. Na reira, he pai ki te kōrero ki mihini tātari i roto i te vahine rau.

Ko te haratau me te kakama o te engineering

Babbage mihini rorohiko he wae ira i roto i te tikanga e whakamahi ratou 10 mati i te 0 ki te 9, me te mamati hoki mahi anake ki tau tōpu. Uara Ko nga nihowhiti, ka hoatu ia kāwai ki tona wira. Ki te mutu te reira i roto i te tūranga takawaenga i waenganui i nga tau tōpu, he kāore te hua, me te āraia te mahi o te mīhini, ki te whakaatu i te takahi o te tapatahi o te tātaitanga. Ko te ahua o te hapa rapunga.

whakaaro hoki Bebbidzh te whakamahi o ngā pūnaha mate tauanga atu atu i ira i roto i te t. H.-rua me te turanga 3, 4, 5, 12, 16 me te 100. Kei te mutu te reira i te ira, no te mea o tona mōhio me te engineering pai no te whakawhetai ki reira tino heke te maha o neke wāhanga.

Difference Engine №1

I roto i te tau 1821, ka timata Babbage whakawhanake i te tikanga mo nga mahi tātai, me te whakaripanga pūrau. whakaahua ana te kaituhi reira rite te pūrere mo te tātai aunoa o te raupapa o ngā uara ki tā aunoa o te hua i roto i te puka ripa. He wāhi o te hanganga pūreretā te mihini i honoa ki te wāhanga tātaitanga. Difference Engine №1 tohu te hoahoa oti tuatahi ki te mahi i aunoa i te tātai.

Mai i te wā wa ki ke Babbage te taumahinga o te pūrere. Hoahoa 1830 tohu te mīhini hangaia mō te 16 mati me 6 whakahau o te nui rerekētanga. ngā te tauira o te th 25. Parts wehea ōrite i waenganui i te rorohiko me te wāhanga pūreretā. Ki te kua te pūrere kua hanga, e kua paunatia reira he tata 4 taranata, a e whai i te teitei o 2.4 m. Mahi i runga i te Difference Engine Babbage i mutu i roto i te 1832, i muri i te tautohe ki te kaipūkaha Hohepa Clement. pūtea Public hopea mutu i roto i te 1842

pūkaha tātari

A, no te kinakitia mahi i runga i te mīhini rerekētanga i roto i 1834, ka hapu Babbage pūrere atu hao, e huaina ana ko muri tātaritanga ao tikanga rorohiko programmable. Ko te āhuatanga hanganga o te Babbage mīhini te nuinga hāngai ki te poraka taketake o te rorohiko mamati hou. mahi Papatonotanga te whakamahi i ngā kāri tokua. I tono tenei whakaaro i te whenu Jacquard, te wahi e whakamahia ratou ki te hanga i ngā tauira pueru matatini.

Ko te hanganga arorau o te Babbage pūkaha tātari fele hāngai ki te hoahoa tino era rorohiko hiko, e titau te Pūmahara ( "toa") wehea i te pūtukatuka pokapū ( "mira"), mahi raupapa o ngā mahi, me te tikanga mo te kōkuhu me te whakaputa o ngā raraunga, me te tohutohu. Na reira, ko te pai tika ana te taitara o te whanaketanga pionie o te hangarau rorohiko kaituhi.

Pūmahara me te PTM

Ko te Babbage mīhini ko te "toa" te wahi rokiroki koe tau, me nga hua wā, me te he motuhake "mira", e puta ia tukatuka tauhanga. I ia te huinga o te 4 mahi tauhanga me taea te mahi whakareatanga hāngai, me te wehenga. I tua atu, i taea ki te mahi i ngā mahi e whai ingoa herenga huringa Pekanga (tāruarua), microprogramming, tukatuka whakarara, whakatika, he pini taukiri, me te pera i runga i. N. te kaituhi o taua kupu e kore e whakamahia nei te pūrere.

PTM pūkaha tātari o Charles Babbage, i karangatia e ia "te mira", whakarato:

• rokiroki tau, ngā mahi i runga i nei hanga tonu he, i roto i te rēhita;
• He te taputapu ki te mahi ki a ratou kaute tātai;
• tuku o tohutohu waho ratarata-kaiwhakamahi i roto i te whakahaere ā-roto taipitopito;
• tukutahitanga pūnaha (karaka) ki te mahia tohutohu i roto i te tikanga āta tīpakohia.

Ko te tikanga mana mahi aunoa mīhini tātari, me te ngā o rua nga wahi: ko te raro te taumata, te mana e te pahu nui, ka karanga kaho, me te whakamahi i ngā kāri weropepahia hangaia mō te jacquard he tiketike te taumata titiro, kei te whānui e whakamahia ana i roto i te tīmatanga o te 1800.

pūrere whakaputa

whakaaturia te hua o tātaitanga e ngā tikanga, tae atu tā, kāri weropepahia, whakaaro me te hanga aunoa o fakato'u'osi - nga ngarahu o te rauemi ngohengohe ki runga i hua i te hua tā te e taea te mahi kia rite ki te puka mō te maka ana i te papa paraharaha, mō te tā.

hoahoa hou

i te nuinga oti te mahi tāimu'a o a Babbage Analytical Engine i 1840, ka anga ki te whakawhanake i tētahi pūrere hou. oti ia te Engine whanaketanga №2 Difference I roto i te wā i 1847 ki te 1849, ko te putanga ake o te taketake. I hangaia tēnei whakarerekē mō te mahi ki te tau moka-31 me i taea hua i roto i te ripa hanga i tetahi tikanga 7th pūrau. Ko te hoahoa huatau ohie, me rapu he toru anake o te maha o ngā wāhanga o te tauira taketake, te whakarato rite te kaha ia rorohiko.

Ko te rerekētanga me te Engine tātaritanga o Charles Babbage whakamahia te hoahoa pūrere huaputa taua, e hanga te tāruatanga i runga i te pepa kore anake, engari te waihanga hoki aunoa fakato'u'osi me ratou ake hōputu pai ai rite ki te tahora tomu'a o te operator whārangi. I te wa ano wawata reira te taea o te whakatakoto i te teitei raina, tau o tīwae, te whanui o te parae, whakarato rarangi kotuituitanga aunoa ranei tīwae me whakanohonga o ngā rārangi pātea mō te pānui.

tuku iho

I tua atu i te maha wāhanga hanga e te mīhini whakaminenga me te whakamātautau tauira o ngā wāhanga mahi iti, e kore kua tetahi o nga hanganga i whakatinana kakato mo te ora Babbage. Ko te matua ka huihuia i roto i 1832 ko te tauira wahi 1/7 №1 Difference Engine, i ngā o e pā ana ki e rua mano. Pieces. mahi reira flawlessly ki tenei ra, me te ko te pūrere tuatahi angitu aunoa rorohiko e whakatinana he tātaitanga pāngarau i roto i te huarahi. mate Babbage ka haere ki te wahi iti whakamātautau o te Analytical Engine. e tiakina tokomaha taipitopito o te hanganga, me te he pūranga oti o tānga me ngā tuhipoka.

Kaupapa nui rorohiko aunoa whakaaro Babbage tetahi o nga whakatutukitanga hinengaro mīharo o te rau tau XIX. Anake i roto i te tekau tau tata kua ako tona mahi i roto i te taipitopito, me te tohu o te faufaa o kua mahia e ia te mea, riro atu kitea.