Āhuatanga haurongo, ngā mahi me meka ngā: Politician me tangata tohe Tomas Masaryk

Tōmasí Masaryk ki te Czech Republic ko te hero tūturu. Ko ia te rangatira o te kaupapa, e whai ana ki te whakatutuki i motuhake mo Czechoslovakia. Te hanga i te āhua, ka e ia tona peresideni tuatahi ka kingi hanganga i 1918 ki te 1935.

Hei whakatutuki i i whakawhetai taea ki ana huru maitatai tino tenei tangata rongonui katoa. Mai i te tuhinga, ka taea e koe te ako atu e pā ana ki te whānau, te kura, te wahine, ngā mahi tona hapori me whakaaro tōrangapū. sociologist Czech me filōsefa nui ke nga oraraa o te iwi, no te aha huaina a reira "te papa."

whānau philosopho

I whanau Tōmasí Masaryk i runga i 03.07.1850, i roto i Moravia (ka Austria Empire). no tona hapu ki te kaimahi noa. ko Hohepa (1823-1907 ora) te ingoa o te Matua. Na roto i te iwi ko ia Slovakia i Hungary. Ko te ingoa o tona whaea - Teresa (1813-1887 ora). I roto i tona ingoa kotiro whanau ia i te ingoa Kropachkova, a ko te iwi Māori Tiamana o Moravia.

kahore whenua, me te ara ratou ake te kāinga a Josef Masaryk. I roto i ona tau teina i utua ia ki te mahi i roto i ngā pāmu nui, a i muri i te whanautanga o Tōmasí ka te kōtimana. noho te whānau i roto i te whare mahi. kihai i a Hohepa haere ki te kura, na te pānui i ki te uaua. I te wa ano i ia he tangata nui atu whakakake ki pūāhua kaha, kihai i ia wehi ki te totohe ki a ratou kaitukumahi. Na reira, i ia ki te pupuri i te huri mahi, neke atu i tetahi mana ki tetahi.

Thomas ia haamana'o e kua tona papa i taea ki, engari ko te tangata ohie, na te whare matua o te whaea. I roto i ana tau o muri, mahi Teresa rite tunu i roto i nga whare taonga, pononga wahine, Vienna. Kua No te mea tino kua Germanized tona kainga, ka korero ia, ka tuhituhi anake i roto i te Tiamana. He nui i muri, ka riro ana tama whika tūmatanui, tamata ia ki te kōrero ki a ia i roto i Slovak, engari tahuri te reira i roto i i ia he mea kino.

korero te whānau Tiamana, engari kua maha haere te papa ki te Silovākiá, me te Tomas i te iari tākaro ki ō rātou hoa.

wā ako

I te tau o ono Tōmasí Masaryk haere ahau ki te kura i roto i te kura kainga. Kua whakaaturia e ia te pai te ahunga whakamua i roto i te kura, na tohutohu te kaiako ana matua ki te tonoa ia ki te kura nui. i pera ratou. puta te tamaiti i roto i te tau 1863, a hoki ana te kāinga. Here ka anga ia ki te āwhina i te kaiako, te ako waiata, ki te pānui i. ka mau nga Kaiako 'Seminary tau ono anake tau, a Tōmasí ko ma wha anake, na whakaritea e te whaea ki te tonoa ia ki a Vienna ki te hanga pia o te mīhini.

rere te rangatira whare tamaiti ohipa a tawhio noa te whare. Kia tetahi o nga akonga i tahaetia, a hokona ana pukapuka. Ko te kakau witi whakamutunga, a rere ana i te pi Masaryk kāinga. faaoti te mau metua ki tonoa ia hei parakimete pia. Na ka haere ahau i tetahi atu tau.

Ko te tūranga o te tohunga kainga i roto i te ora o Tomas

I roto i te ora o nga tangata nui i reira he taime e whakatau ona ara heke mai. e kore ahau e karo i enei ko Tomas Masaryk. e kia oti, kahore whakahua o te kainga tohunga meka Interesting e pā ana ki tona ora. Ko te hoatu e Franz Satori te tamaiti ki te pānui i ana pukapuka, whakaako Latin ia, ka whakakikitia e nga mātua ki te hunga whakaaetia tana tama ki te ako atu. Ua tauturu te tohunga te tamaiti ki whakamātautau, ka i taea ki te whakauru i roto i te piha haapiiraa tuarua o te kura Tiamana ia. Ko te kupu, i roto i te tau o rima oho ia ki te pa o Brno.

kihai i ngā mātua tonoa te moni tamaiti, na i takoha ia ki te riro i te kaiako, me te i muri rite he kaiwhakaako mo te tama a te rangatira o pirihimana. I roto i te kura nui ako ia te tangata taitama noa, me te koa mana nui i roto i te tahi atu ngā ākonga kura nui. I te wa ano, toka reira whakaaro e pā ana ki te whakaoratanga o te iwi Czech. Nā ki te pakanga ki te kaiwhakahaere e kore kua Tomasz puta i tenei kura.

Ka rite ki i Masaryk reira ko te ingoa tuarua

Te rangatira pirihimana, nana nei te tama whakaako Masaryk, i whakanekehia ake ia, ka whakangaueuetia ki Vienna. Ua tauturu e ia te tangata taitamariki ki te haere ki te Metropolitan Gymnasium. puta tona hoa i te tau 1872 i te tau o rua tekau ma rua nga tau. I tua atu, i taea ki te paetahi i te Whare Wānanga o Vienna, ako i te wa ano i nga aravihi Philological me taumauri ia. I roto i te tau torutoru, ka riro te reira i te tauturu orometua i te rapunga whakaaro University o Vienna.

I roto i te kura puta tutaki ia te tangata taitama ki te American Charlotte Garrigue. ko ia te tamahine o te tuaana New York. ko Matua ki o ratou hononga me te hoatu tona whakaaetanga mo te marena i muri anake i pai Masaryk te hakari i homai. noho tano iwi Young, te whakamahi i Tomas hua. Heoi i reira ko te ingoa o Tomas Garrigue Masaryk. ka mau ia ki te ingoa waenganui i te honore o tona wahine. whanau Charlotte ia wha tamariki, me te ako Czech.

I rahua te wahine ki te whiriwhiri i te moni, engari i roto i te katoa i awhina ia ia. Kua noho Ahakoa kotahi ia mo ētahi marama i roto i te whare herehere Austria mo ana mahi tōrangapū o tana tane. Na te utuafare o Charlotte tonu e kore kua mahue te tamahine ki tetahi mea. A, no te te tokorua noho Masaryk i te United States, mahi Tamati hoki tona papa i roto i te ture, e korero i roto i porowhita, kaipakihi me kaitōrangapū, tae atu tetahi o nga peresideni US Woodrow Wilson.

pātai Czech

No te mea o ana whakaaro tōrangapū, e kore i taea e Tomas Masaryk tumanako mo te pou o te ahorangi i Vienna. Hoki ia, ko te ora, ina i roto i 1882 ka whakatuwhera te whakahaere emepaea i roto i te University o te Czech Republic. oho ia ki te Czech Republic, ka whai wāhi i roto i ngā mahi mātauranga, tae atu ki te tuku "Ateneum" makasini.

I roto i te Czech Republic i taua wa, i reira nga rua ngā rōpū matua - Young Czechs me starochehi. Kua whāngai Māngai o whakahaere e rua i te fariiraa kaikiri nga mahi me whakaaro o te tangata tohe. e kore tona wa roa i hiahia ki te farii i, engari i runga i te wā, i taea ki te whakamatau i te tika o tona mata o tirohanga Tōmasí me kua tutuki taua mana i roto i te hapori e hiahia ana ngā taha e rua ki te tāpiri tona ingoa ki o ratou rārangi. I roto i tenei ara, tumanako ratou ki te kohikohi rite maha pōti i roto i ngā pōtitanga ki te Imperial Pāremata.

rapu hoki Masaryk ki te kawe i te iwi whānui ki te whakatūnga o te kāwanatanga Czech ki tona reo ake, me te tikanga. Heoi, ko kore ia ki te tikanga Tiamana, whakapono e te haamaitairaa o ahurea rerekē hanga Czechs atu matatau me te maha-faceted iwi.

Mai 1891, ngā kaupapa here maha nga wa pōtitia ki te Pāremata (te Czech me emepaea). arahina e ia te Pāti REALIST, ko Party ka nga tangata o Czech.

pato'iraa

I te timatanga o te Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao, tōrangapū mau, ka whiua ki te mate, ta ratou whakapa he ki a ia o te he i. I roto i te Czech Republic mutu i te wa o tona mahi. i takoha Tomash Masarik ki te waiho to ratou mau fare.

Ko ia ki te kaupapa here Austria i runga i te whawhai. kite Masaryk a ka matau pakeke ki te Czechs whawhai ki te Silaví. Ko te aha ia i hanga te raro anti-Austria.

I roto i tenei take, Tomas Garik Masaryk huru rangirua ki Russia. kihai ia i kite i te reira i tenei hoa i roto i te hanga o te āhua Czech, ahakoa kua ia i reira, mahi ki Maxim Gorky, Leo Tolstoy.

kite hoa kaitōrangapū i roto i te UK, France, USA. Ko reira ka mohio enei mana te hanganga o te Kaunihera National Czechoslovak, ahu e Masaryk.

I roto i te 1917, noho ia i roto i Kiev, i reira noho ai ia i tona Kaunihera. Kaupapa here maha haere ki Moscow ko mua, ia ia te whai wāhi ki te whakaae pehea ka haere nga mua ki te mana i roto i nga pa katoa e toru whakahuatia.

Ka rite ki te upoko o te kāwanatanga

Tōmasí Masaryk ko Czechoslovakia hanganga veteki hono. Ahakoa i roto i tona ra, ka tona ingoa fifi tupuria o tuakiri - i whakaaro ia ki te rangatira wairua o te Czechoslovakia free.

Politician ko te admirer o te ahurea Anglo-American. hiahia ia ki te waihanga i tētahi manapori maha-rōpū ohaoha. ko peresideniraa o Masaryk o huru te ao. tukua e ia te whakataki o te kaupapa here o te kāwanatanga o paerikiriki motu.

arahina kaupapa here State ki 04.01.1934 tau i patua ra ano ia e te patunga i. He tau i muri mai, i te tau o waru tekau ma rima nga tau, i hoatu e ia kingitanga ki tona akonga me te muimui o E. Benes. mutu 14.09.1937 tau tona koioranga: Tomas Masaryk mate, me te tau i muri mai ka mutu ki te tīariari te āhua hanga ia.

mahara tōrangapū

Ka rite ki kua whakahuatia, i roto i te ora o Tomas Masaryk ko te īngoa - i huaina ai "Matua." I roto i tona mahara, i puta moni, te ingoa maha ara i roto i Hodonin reira ko te whare taonga whakatapua ki tenei tangata nui, me te i roto ia Iharaira, ko te pa me te rohe i roto i Terapipi te i muri ia ia.

I roto i te hou motuhake Czech Republic noa kua te Order, i mea i hanga i roto i te mahara o te whika tūmatanui, me te tōrangapū nui o te kāwanatanga.