Ahurea Russian i roto i te hawhe tuatahi o te rau tau 19 (poto)

ahurea Russian i roto i te hawhe tuatahi o te rau tau 19 - he taumata nui i roto i te whanaketanga o ngā uara wairua, me te morare o te sotaiete Russian. E mea maere te mea tangohia te tauine te tukanga auaha, te hohonu o tona ihirangi me te momonatanga. Hoki te hawhe rau kua ara te hapori ahurea ki te taumata hou: matamaha, Polyphonic, ahurei.

takenga TAKENGA me te whanaketanga ahurea o te "tau koura"

i tika ki te tohu tiketike o ngā ngākau nuitanga motu te whanaketanga o te ahurea Russian i roto i te hawhe tuatahi o te rau tau 19. tīmata hoki i raro i Catherine II mātauranga fakaetangatá, hoatu whanaketanga ki te whanaketanga o te mātauranga, te whakatuwheratanga i te plurality o pūtahi mātauranga me te whakamana i o te matauranga hou.

Panaia nga rohe o te State i nei i reira i pā ana ki 165 iwi rerekē me o ratou tikanga, me te mentality. Tonu te whakarerenga iho o tana matua, kaiwhakatere hou me discoverers.

Russian-French War o 1812 te awe te hanganga o ngā whakaaro tāmau whenua, uara morare o te iwi Russian. ahurea Art o Russia i te hawhe tuatahi o te rau tau 19, ngā te moni o te mahara motu pūmau i roto i te hapori.

Heoi, ko te āhuatanga tōrangapū i roto i te whenua kihai i hoatu e haere noa oti ki te whakatinana i te whakaaro katoa i roto i te toi. Kua takoha te maunu o nga Decembrists me nga mahi o sotaiete ngaro fetaulaki'anga Russian ārai te kătahi o whakaaro matatau i roto i tetahi ao ahurea.

pūtaiao

mohio whakapai ake o te Mātauranga Public te ahurea o Russia i te hawhe tuatahi o te rau tau 19. Poto e taea te huaina reira neki. I runga i te ringa kotahi, kia whakatuwhera kura hou, i runga i te tahi atu - i whakaurua mehua aukatinga tino, mo te tauira, whakakahoretia nga mau haapiiraa o te rapunga whakaaro. I tua atu, i tonu whare wānanga me ngā kura wetereo i raro i te te tirotiro tino o te Tāhuhu o te Mātauranga.

Ahakoa tenei, te tikanga Russian i roto i te hawhe tuatahi o te rau tau 19 i āhuatanga e he tupeke nui i roto i te whanaketanga o te pūtaiao.

Biology me Rongoā

Putu ki te timatanga o te rau tau 19, e rapu ö me te whanaketanga o ngā ariā hou te rauemi o te me te ao kararehe. mahi ēnei Naturalists Russian KM Baer, Tuhinga Dvigubsky, IE Dyadkovsky.

he kohinga taonga o ngā tipu me ngā kararehe kua kohia i huri noa i te ao. A i roto i 1812 ko te whakatuwheratanga o te Botanical Garden i Crimea.

He wāhi nui ki te whanaketanga o te rongoā whakaurua NI Takai. Ngā mihi ki tona mahi ta'esiokita o te ao ako e te pokanga mara hōia.

Geology me te tātai arorangi

Mai tatari te timatanga o te rau tau i roto i te parirau, me te arowhenua. Kua awhi Ko tōna whanaketanga whenua Russian katoa.

ko te paetae nui te waihanga o te mahere arowhenua tuatahi o Russia i 1840. hanga e ahau i te reira i te pūtaiao rangahau NI Koksharov.

ka ui Astronomy aromātai tino, me te pākaha me ngā kitenga. ka mau te reira i te rota o te wā. Ko te tukanga nui manaaki ka whakapumautia te Observatory Pulkovo i roto i te tau 1839.

Pāngarau me te Ahupūngao

I roto i te pāngarau, i hanga e ratou āhuatanga tauine ao. Na, NI ka rongonui mō tana Lobachevsky "āhuahanga kore-Euclidean." PL Chebyshev whakamatauria te ture o ngā tau nui, ko MV whai wāhi Ostrogradsky i roto i rehe tātari, me te tiretiera.

kia te hawhe tuatahi o te rau tau 19 e huaina ahupūngao wa koura, mai i te waea tuatahi hiko (Schilling PL), te hua whiwhi e te wheako rama hiko (V. Petrov) whakaaro hanga electromotor i (Lenz EH).

hoahoanga

ahurea Art o Russia i te hawhe tuatahi o te rau tau 19, ngā moni tūmatanui nui. Ko te āhuatanga tino nui o tona whanaketanga ko te huringa tere o momo, me te ratou pahekotanga.

I roto i te hoahoanga ki te Classicism 1840 i kingi ai. Ka taea te kitea kāhua Empire i roto i te whānuitanga o whare o nga whakapaipai e rua, me te maha pokapū rohe, i mua i te pa porowini.

Hoki tenei wā āhuatanga e te hanga o rōpū hoahoanga. Hei tauira, te Theatre Square Moscow ranei i St Petersburg kaumatua.

Kua hanga māngai rongonui o tenei kāhua ahurea o Russia i te hawhe tuatahi o te rau tau 19. Ua faaite Architecture i te tohi o te AD Zakharova, KI Rossi, DI Gilardi, ahau Aue Beauvais.

i whakakapi Empire e kāhua Russian-Byzantine, i roto i te Karaiti te Kaiwhakaora Cathedral, te Armory (kaihoahoa KA Ton) i hanga.

peita

Hoki tenei wā i roto i te toi āhuatanga e te moni i roto i te takitahi tangata toharite. Kei te neke atu i te kāhua Bibilia, me te pūrākau tuku iho toi.

Classicism i roto i te hoho'a peni i māngai Karlom Bryullovym, e whakakitea i roto i ona peita te itoito, te rangatiratanga, me te nui o te tangata noa. Ko te rongonui tino o ana mahi - he "Ko nga ra whakamutunga o Pompeii," "te Rider", "Whaiaro-Portrait", me ētahi atu

Ko te whiu fakamamahi o te nui kaipeita A. A. Ivanova, mahi nui a te kaituhi, "te āhua o te Karaiti ki te iwi." Runga atu i taua, mahi ia mo runga i te 20 tau. Na ka mate ia, e kore e matau te mea i tupu ki te whakamanamana ngingila i roto i tenei peita.

Ko te pūtake o te talena hoatu P. A. Fedotov, e, ki ana peita momo ki pāpori illius ihirangi i roto i te hapori. Te tangata i mohio tona "Kotaro hou" ranei "e Faisoó Meiha".

whakairo

ahurea Russian i roto i te hawhe tuatahi o te rau tau 19 whakawhanakehia i raro i te mana o te whawhai mua o 1812 ki a Napoleon. Pāngia e tenei, me whakairo. tohu Famous ki Minin ko Pozharsky, e tu i runga i te Square Whero, te toi IP whakairo Martos i te waenganui o te whawhai.

Ko te whanaketanga o Russian whakairo rahi e kua taea ki waho te FF Shchedrin, whakapaipai nei caryatids te whare Admiralty.

I roto i te tahi atu kaiwhakairo rongonui o te wa i II Terebenev ( "Battle o Poltava"), VI Demuth-Malinovsky, BI Orlowski (ahua anahera i runga i te tīwae Alexander), me ētahi atu

waiata

ite mana nui o te mua hautoa te ahurea o Russia i te hawhe tuatahi o te rau tau 19. kua pehia Music te mana o himene iwi, me te take motu. whakaata ēnei ngā te opera "Ivan Susanin" KA Kavos, AA hua Alyabiev, AE Varlamov.

MI noho Glinka he wahi pokapū i roto i te kaitito. whakaaetia te reira i te iho hou a whakatuwheratia tuatahi i mua i tenei momo. Ko te opera "He ora mo te Tsar" whakaata tino te uho o te auahatanga o te kaiwhakatangitangi katoa.

ahurea Russian i roto i te hawhe tuatahi o te rau tau 19 i hoatu ara ki ano tetahi atu kaitito ngingila nei whakaurua te momo waiata o te whakaari hinengaro. reira AS "Mermaid" Dargomyzhsky me tona opera nui.

whare tapere

oroko Theatre Russian te tatau ki te whakaaro, tata te faaru'eraa i te mahi rahi i roto i te kāhua puāwaitanga. Na reira i te wā e taumu'a aroha, wahi fakamamahi o te tākaro.

Ko tētahi o nga māngai tino rongonui o te taiao tapere ko PS Mochalov, nana nei i whakamana i te tūranga o Hamlet ko Ferdinand (Shakespeare).

reforomatio Russian o mahi, MS haere mai Shchepkin i mua. rēhitatia ia he whakaaro tino hou, e ai whakamoemititia tona tūranga me Moscow ko whakaari iti te ūnga tino rongonui i roto i te mata'ita'i.

kāhua tūturu i roto i te whare tapere i kawea e pā ana ki te taha o nga mahi o AS Pushkin AS Griboyedov.

tuhinga

whakaata i te raruraru pāpori tino nui te ahurea o Russia i te hawhe tuatahi o te rau tau 19. whakakaha Literature tuakiri motu, kōrero ki te mua hītori o te whenua. He tauira o tenei, ko te mahi auaha o NM Karamzin.

Romanticism i roto i te tuhinga i te aroaro e te taua whika rangatira rite VA Zhukovsky, AI Odoyevski, wawe AS Pushkin. atamira Late o Pushkin - he talena. "Boris Godunov", "te tamahine a te Kāpene", "Te parahi kaieke hoiho e" tuhituhia i roto i tenei aronga. I tua atu, MU hanga Lermontov he "Hero o to tatou Time", i te mea he hi'oraa faahiahia o te tuhinga talena.

ka talena Critical te pūtake o te auahatanga, NV Gogol ( "te kōti waho," "Kaititiro").

I roto i te tahi atu mau melo o te tuhinga i tākiekina tona hanganga, e taea te huaina te AN Ostrowski, me ona whakaari rerekē tūturu, IS Turgenev, nei i oti rawa i tona whakarongo ki te kaupapa o te whenua kainga me te āhua, me te AM Grigorovich.

hanga Literature kua he wāhi nui ki te whanaketanga ahurea o Russia. Ko te hawhe tuatahi o te rau tau 19 āhuatanga e te hanganga o te reo tuhituhi hou ki te whakakapi te reo taimaha, me te purepure o te 18 rau. i nui me te pānga i runga i te whanaketanga atu o kahore anake Russian, engari tikanga hoki ao te mahi o ngā kaituhi me kaitito o tenei wā.

E komokomo ana a rethink nga mahi o u'i Russian, me te Pākehā, i hanga te ahurea o Russia i te hawhe tuatahi o te rau tau 19 he turanga kaha mo te whanaketanga pai o te pūtaiao me te toi i roto i te heke mai.