Air korero o Ukraine. Ko te korero rangi o te Armed Forces o Ukraine

I te wa o te tiango o te USSR, taua nga hoia Ukrainian kotahi korero rangi ope (8 kotahi) me taua rangi wha, tae atu ki Tarahihi me nga hou i te wa pūnaha ārai "S-300" toa "Su-27" me "mig-29". Heoi, i roto i te wā o mua poto, te nuinga o nga patu hokona, tikanga o ranei ko reira i roto i o Whack. Te ite i te faufaa o te mea i te ope e taea, ka mau te kāwanatanga he maha o whakatau ki te whakapakari i te iwi, ina koa i roto i te ao hou, o ngā pūnaha rangi korero.

mōhiohio hītori

Na roto i te 1992, na'e kau 8 ope motuhake o ono tauranga nui:

• 1 Air Defense Division (dPVO), Crimea.
• 9 o dPVO, Poltava rohe.
• 11 dPVO, rawhiti o te whenua.
• hipoki 19 dPVO Kiev.
• 21th dPVO, Odessa rohe.
• 28 Air Defense Corps, uru Ukraine.

rōpū Radio engineering e hāngai ana i roto i Kharkiv, Lviv, Sevastopol, Odessa me Vasilkov. I roto i te 1992, ngā hōia rangi korero o 132 matua pere anti-rererangi piri i roto i te 18 Tuhinga me Pirikēti. Kua oti nga pūhui kua me e marara kia rite ki te taupoki ana reliably te pokapū ahumahi nui, takitahi o ia atu.

āhua o nāianei

I muri i te 20 tau o te korero o Ukraine tonu ki te waiho i te ope pāharakeke, engari no te mea o te tau nui o patu tawhitotia āheinga korero tino ngoikore. teihana Hihiani, mahue ki runga i te Soviet Union, tukua tonu ki a koe te whakahaere i te pïra e. Heoi, pāngia te kore o ngā wāhanga e manawapa, me te pakanga i roto i te tonga-rawhiti te mahi o te maha o ngā teihana aroturuki. I roto i ngā, pakaru hihiani Lugansk Avdeyevka, hoki tumu kitea ngaro teihana mana Crimean.

Na roto i te tīmatanga o nga 2000 ki ringa nekehia atu kaha, engari tawhito pūnaha pere "C-75" me "C-125". I te 2013 ko reira te tahuri "paparuatia" SAM "S-200" whakarerekētanga rerekē. whakamararatia te wehenga whakamutunga ko SAM "S-200V" 540 th wiki o Lviv.

O te āwangawanga ngā ko te kore o te whakangungu o hōia ope rangi korero o Ukraine. e kore ko te whakahaere o te take shooting mahi i muri i te aituā pāhihi rererangi tātou anō i roto i te tau 2001 tenei. 10 anake% o ngā kaimahi i ngā pūkenga shooting.

opuaraa

I te kau, e kore pūnaha anti-rererangi roa-whānui te korero rangi o te whenua. Homai tenei meka, kua whakaturia te kāwanatanga he ūnga i roto i 2016 ki te timata i te ao hou, nui-tauine o rangi korero, tae atu ki ngā pūnaha pere rangi korero me teihana hihiani.

Ko te fifi matua ko te kaimahi whakapeka o moni. ka kia utu rawa i te hoa Western hoko o hou patu rangi korero. I tua atu, e tika ana ki taumu'a tōrangapū e kore e hohoro whenua ke ki te hoko patu teitei-pū o te ope Ukrainian. e kia te putanga te hoko o raro-utu, engari pūnaha rangi korero pono (tae atu pūkoro) i roto i Russia, engari te mānukanuka i waenganui i nga hunga e noho tata kore e tukua tenei.

Homai te matekai o moni, te take o te whakahokinga mai, me te whakapai ake o ngā pūnaha o "C-200" me ratou hoki ki ohipa whawhai. Heoi, tohunga hōia taetuí pā ana ki te whakaaro o "reanimation" o patu tawhitotia.

rongoā Air

Air korero o Ukraine kua he hanganga whakahaere mārama. Anti-rererangi hōia pere e kawenga mo te mahi o ngā pūnaha hihiani me ngā pūnaha pere rangi korero, ko tona mahi, ko te ki te tiaki i te pïra e te whenua o me hoia irirangi-hangarau. E ngohengohe ana ki te Air Force o Ukraine enei hanganga.

whakamahia Wāhanga VOP pūnaha pere pere "S-300PT" (NATO Whakarōpū SA-10a amuamu), "S-300V1" (SA-12 Gladiator), " C-300PS" (SA-10b amuamu), " Buck" (SA- 11 Getfly). E ai ki te raraunga i puna tūmatanui, i reira i 11 wae i 2010, "S-300PS" me 16 wae "S-300PT". Tata rauemi mau whakawhanakehia. Tohunga whakatau tata e 8 anake wehenga "S-300PS" e nehenehe o mau ana i runga i ohipa whawhai.

He āhuatanga matatini ki te whakarato rangi pūnaha ārai whakangaromanga tikanga. e kore te Air pūnaha tākirirangi korero "S-300" tauira roa-5V55-o-te ora, a i roto i to ratou whenua o te production whakapumautia.

taputapu rapunga

I roto i Ukraine i reira e ki runga 200 whare e pā ana ki te rangi korero, me te 76 whakaurunga pŭpŭ tauturu. 36 mohiotia kaha, me te tautauā tūranga 106 ki missiles anti-rererangi.

Ko ētahi o ēnei:

• taputapu whakatūpato wawe: 36 ngutu;.
• tāuta hihiani 36D6: 20;
• hihiani 64N6 rapunga: 9;
• ngā whakangungu: 3.

Mahi tūranga mō te SAM:

• pūnaha mō te "S-125": 2-tūnga;
• "P-200": 5;
• "S-300PS": 12;
• "S-300PT": 16;
• "C-300V1": 1.

Tautauā (i näianei) tūranga mō te SAM:

• Hoki ngā pūnaha "S-75": 58 ngā tūranga;
• "2Q12" 1;
• "S-125": 16;
• "C-200": 11;
• "S-300P" 19.

tikanga whakatūpato wawe

Kua whakawhanakehia e te korero rangi o Ukraine te pūnaha whakatūpato wawe. E whakarato ana i ngā radars kei puta noa i te whenua. Ratou tūranga, rite ki te tikanga, i roto i tetahi atu ranei momo o radars whakatūpato wawe, me te pūnaha rapunga me te āhukahuka nui-teitei.

E 28 kaha tūranga whakatūpato wawe ki 8 atu (rahui), e kua tikanga ki te whakawhānui i te whatunga, te tohatohanga o moni ranei, ki te whakatika i te hiahia.

20 ngā tūranga 36D6 (Tin Shield) hihiani me 8 tūranga hihiani 64N6 (Big Bird) whakarato tāutu ūnga me mahi whakahaere te whawhai mo te whatunga rangi korero motu. Hōia whakarato whenua, me te uhi rangi pae rautaki. Hihiani 64N6 36D6, ka whakaritea kia rite ki te whakarato kapinga näianei. E taea e ki te whakahaere tata katoa o te wāhi rangi o Ukraine, me te wāhi nui o te Black ko Azov Moana ēnei pūnaha.

SAM "S-200V"

Rākau o te riri pūnaha korero rangi i roto i Ukraine ngā whānuitanga rerekē. Complexes "C-200" ko te tino roa-whānui (ki runga, ki te 250 km) i roto i te hoia pere anti-rererangi Ukrainian. Tae noa tata, te 5 pākahiko ngā "C-200" te whakarite i te tiaki o te wāhi rangi o tata te rohe rawhiti katoa o te whenua i waenganui Kharkiv me Luhansk. Ko te whakamutunga 11 kore-te raveraa i te tūnga "C-200" noho, ahakoa he pea ki te whakamahi ki te whakanoho i taonga nekeneke, pērā i ratou "S-300PS." Ko te mahere kāwanatanga - hoki ki te tono i te whakaurunga ake i roto i nga tau 2016-18, e tika ana ki te kore o te kē complexes roa-whānui.

Mana, kī te Tāhuhu o Defence e te whakamahi o "S-200V" 250-kiromita pūtoro, engari whiwhi ki te airliner Russian i runga i te moana Black tukua hetia pere "S-200" i roto i te Oketopa 2001, kia tohu ai i te mahi whakatakotoria o "P-200D" pūtoro 300-kiromita.

SAM "S-300P"

Ahakoa te pūnaha "S-200" i te pūtoro nui o mahi, matatini ano VOP "P-300P" ko reira te tino maha, me te ahei. Hohenga Ko te raupapa o 27 awhi "S-300P" 16 pākahiko rawa ki ngā pūnaha "S-300PT", me 12 - ngā pūnaha "S-300P".

tohatoha tāutatanga kia rite ki te tiaki i nga rohe tino nui tōrangapū, hōia, me te ahumahi o te whenua. Dnepropetrovsk, Kiev, Kharkov, Odessa tiakina e kore e iti iho i te 6 pūhiko ia, Nikolaev (a mua Sevastopol) - o te iti rawa 5 awhi. hipokina maha ngā complexes te rohe ki te hauauru.

pūhiko Fully rawa SAM "S-300PT" he 12 launchers, i te tino rawa te pākahiko ki SAM "S-300PS" e 8 launchers. rite rawa ia pūhiko te ki 5N63 hihiani 5N63S ranei me te hihiani mo te whakatau i nga ngā taumata e rere 5N66 iti 5N66M ranei. Rua ngā pūnaha hihiani te tikanga whakamahi rōpū raupapa rewa 40V6.

Te whakapaipai, Kiev - te wahi anake e tonu tiakina e te huinga oti o te raupapa pūhiko "S-300P". noho katoa 6 hua i roto i te pānga, te whakamahi i te 4 "S-300PT", me rua - "S-300PS." wae Military me rangi korero hipokina Kharkov ( "S-300PT"), Odessa ( "S-300PS") ko Nikolaev ( "S-300PT") - enei promtsentry toru tiakina e te pūhiko ia. Dnepropetrovsk tiakina e wha pākahiko-powered "S-300PT".

pūnaha ārai rangi rauhanga

E rua ngā pūnaha o ngā pūnaha pere rangi korero rauhanga, e kua tuhituhia i roto i te whatunga rangi korero Ukrainian. whakamahia APU te pūnaha "Būk" 9K37 me "C-300V1". Ko raro ki te ope o te rangi korero, me etahi etahi o enei pūnaha - atu ringa whawhai. E hoahoatia pūnaha Mobile ki taupoki ana i te taonga ahumahi, pāpori me te tōrangapū rautaki, whakarōpūtanga hōia.

Mod kanui to e te Ope whakamahia te kōwhiringa "Būk-M", me te Air Force o Ukraine whakamahia "Būk-M1". tohe hoki te Tāhuhu o te Paruru e whakamahi ana i te Army te whakarerekētanga o te "C-300V1" (Gladiator), tuhu ki te meka e kore e Ukraine i te pūnaha o "S-300V2" (Giant), taea ki te kopere ki raro missiles ballistic.

rohe kapinga

i riro whatunga SAM Ukrainian i te Soviet Union. tikanga whakaritea tiaki Air kia rite ki te te tiaki i ngā pokapū taupori matua me rohe matawhenua. Ko te tino Inia hipokina te whakapaipai Kiev, tautau ahumahi matua i roto i te pokapū o Dnipropetrovsk, Kharkiv, Mykolaiv me Odessa. Wāhanga o te pākahiko marara te puta noa te whenua.

E ai ki nga tianara, te whenua kore fakamanamanai whawhai ki a NATO, aua, kua heke hōia Ukrainian te maha o ngā pūnaha rererangi me te SAM. Ahakoa te tino heke whatunga rangi korero i roto i te rahi mai te parariraa o te USSR, Ukraine tonu tonu makona rawa ki te tiaki i ratou ki te whakaeke rangi.

Tātai me te rautaki

taputapu Mobile pērā i "S-300PS", "Būk" me "C-300V1" taea ki te mahi i reira e hiahiatia ratou - tata ki hea i roto i te whenua. pūnaha hihiani me anti-rererangi dislocations 64N6 36D6 whakarato tautoko whakahaere whawhai, a te whakatakoto whāinga, kahore he mea i reira e tū ratou, whakawhetai ki te whānui o te faaararaa wawe whatunga. Mai SAM "S-300PS", te tikanga kei runga i te pae rite, he whatunga nui o ngā pae hohekore me ngā hanganga he tūranga pea mō te whakanohonga o ngā pūnaha pere. I roto i Ukraine, neke atu i te 100 hohekore (i näianei) whakaneke SAM whirihoranga rerekē.

Ētahi pūmanawa whai tauira pakeke. Ahakoa kore e "C-200" pai rawa pai ki te patu i maneuverable, stealthy iti-rere ranei pukupuku, ka taea e te pūnaha ārai i te CIA atu rererangi hōia nui ofi ange ki te wāhi rangi o Ukraine ranei. Mahalo ko e tika to ratou hokinga tūmanakohia i runga i te ohipa i muri i etahi akatuke'anga i tenei. Āhua tuhituhi-SAM 70 "S-300PT 'mahere motuhake mo te hōia ki reira.

whanaketanga atu

Hoki 2016-2017 whakaritea ao hou o te rangi korero a Ukraine. ka rapua e ngā pūnaha o "P-200" me "C-300PS" whakakapinga i roto i 2016-2020. Ahakoa kahore tango ki pūkete te ora mahi, ra pai "S-300PS" me "C-200" mahue ki muri. Nā ki te whanaketanga tonu o ECM tikanga rauhanga (pehanga hiko), SEAD / DEAD (tohe parepare rangi hoariri), me ētahi atu āhuatanga raraunga SAM kore e whakatau i te wairua o te wā.

Ko te kaupapa o te kawemai o takitahi kōpuku / ringa ki nga complexes tawhito, me te hanga i to koutou ake hua mā te whakamahi i ngā wae o hinonga Ukrainian me hoa ke.

pūnaha hihiani

Ukraine - tetahi o nga kamupene torutoru i roto i te ao, whakawhanake, me te hua te hihiani i roto i te koropiko kati. Heoi, māngai te nuinga o te taputapu me te patu o te ope Ukrainian nui e tauira tawhito. I roto i te take pai - hou. Park patu hiko Kei roto hihiani nomenclature te tatau i te whakatupuranga tauira heterogeneous i roto i te whakahaere hanganga aunoatanga me te mōhiohio tukanga hihiani.

E ai ki whakatau tata o Ukraine, me nga moni i tohaina e te APU i 2016, kua hāngai utu nui i te rangi korero. whakaritea te reira ki te hoko teihana hihiani 28 me ki whakapai ake i te wae e ono. Heoi, ko te hiahia o nga ope hapai patu i roto i te hihiani hou, me te ake me te rota atu ko e pā ana ki e rua rau nga wahi. I roto i te meka, ki te rā, te āhua o ngā pūnaha ārai, rawa anti-rererangi pere me hihiani hōia hihiani, rau tumanako mo te pai. A ko reira ki te whakamārama o te meka e i roto i Ukraine kua ona ake kaiwhakanao e e taea ki te whakahere ratou ake rongoā matatau mō te aroturuki i te pïra e kāinga.

Ki te rā, i mahue nga hoia he maha nui o hihiani P-18M, R-18MA (P-19MA). Ngā mihi ki te NGO "Aerotekhnika" vs. "Ukrspetstekhnika" enei tipu e kore noho anake i roto i te rarangi, engari i hou. I tua atu, i reira e hou.

Hihiani "malachite"

ope Ukrainian New i roto i te hiahia kia päpähotia o hihiani hou, pērā i "malachite". huaina ana tēnei pūnaha ko te ao hou, o te teihana Soviet P-18, engari i roto i te mau rave'a e rave rahi, ko reira rerekē tino i tona mua. Tohunga HC "Ukrspetstekhnika" hanga huringa uruhi, me tenei ra ko te reira te teihana tino hou. Kei te whakatinana te "malachite" tukatuka tohu mamati, te huinga ki te aunoatanga hou mohio te wātea i te mate, te heke haere te rohe rapunga proximal ki 2.5 km, nui haere pikitanga o te whanaunga pūihi ki te tūnga whakapae i roto i te nekehanga + 15 / -15, a na i runga i. D. "malachite" kua te whānuitanga rapunga o runga ki te 400 km, e ko, kitea te teihana me aroturuki ngā whāinga nui pai me te tata atu tetahi hihiani mahi nei i roto i Ukraine.

Āhuatanga o te matatini kua pai aromatawaitia e te Ukrainian Defence Tāhuhu. Ka rite ki te hua, e kore i anake hoatu te teihana hihiani ki mahi, engari ano ki te hoatu i roto i ngā hōia. E ai ki te whakahaere i te kamupene o "Ukrspetstekhnika", rite ki o Paenga 2015 haere nga hōia e pā ana ki te tatini "malachite" hihiani.

teihana wāhanga tuku kaipuke Ukrainian e whakahaere te pūnaha i roto i ngā āhuatanga atu mata e whāriki ana, rerekē i te Soviet P-18. Whakahaere i roto i ngā āhuatanga moana whakakitea e pai te solves te teihana te raruraru o aroturuki ngā taumata rangi i roto i o ratou āhuatanga, me te ngā taumata mata i roto i te rārangi o te titiro. Ko te, te rohe 12-maero, e te mea i raro i heramana tirohanga, te mana noa "malachite" hihiani.

Hihiani "MP-1"

teihana hihiani ngā mita New ka he tohua "MP-1", hanga i teie nei SPC "korakora." Kua whakatinanahia kaihoahoa nga whakatutukitanga hou katoa o te whakaaro pūtaiao, e hāngai ana ki te rapataumata te uara o te hangarau puku (puku).

"MP-1" Kei te hangaia mo te ora pūhiko, me te mo te mahi i roto i te mana korero rangi rohe AMS Ukraine a. Ka taea e Hihiani kitea, ara, me te whanganga i te Azimuth, ngā, teitei o te ūnga, ahakoa te pānga o te pokanoa.

Ko te ngoikoretanga o te teihana tawhito, ko te hiahia ki te tāuta wae waka atu generator mīhini huri hiko motuhake e whakarato ana ngā pūnaha mana. Ka rite ki te hua, e hāngai ana hihiani runga 3-4 mihini. Ko te teihana hou "Minsk-1" titau kotahi anake wae waka. whakanohoia te taputapu katoa kei runga i te tahuhu o KrAZ.

I roto i ngā āhuatanga whawhai hou e hiahiatia ana ki te whakarite nekeneke tiketike o te teihana. I muri i 5-10 meneti o te mahi e hiahia ana koe ki te hūnuku i te hihiani ki te tūranga hou. I roto i te mahi "MG-1" operator, i waho mahue te kapa waka, whakahaere te mahi o, na roto i te te haapa'oraa i te whakaatu āhuatanga rangi. E wātea ana hoki kōrero reo irirangi i roto i te hōputu mamati te teihana, whakawhiti aunoa i te āhuatanga waka i runga i te whakahau rangi korero me pokapū mana momo NE IP-15 ranei IP-12. I tua atu, e taea ki te tino tika te ine i te teitei o te mau opuaraa o te hanga i te pūnaha o 3-fakafekau'aki te teihana "Minsk-1" Ko. awhe mahi Instrumental ko 400 km. Ko te kaupapa i roto i te whanaketanga.

"Pelican" hihiani

E toru-teihana 79K6 Tiro porowhita (kaweake putanga - 80K6) "Pelican" anga ki te kia whakawhanakehia i roto i te 1992 e SPC "Purangi". Anake i roto i te 2007 hihiani tangohia te APU. whakanohoia te taputapu katoa kei runga i te hihiani he wae waka.

Ko te ahua i roto i te hihiani ope Ukrainian tukua 79K6 ki te tono autonomously nga matua pere anti-rererangi "S-300PT / PS". I tua atu, he mea ka taea ki te whakamahi i 79K6 hanganga ropu tinei (6 wehenga). Hoki te āhuatanga matua rauhanga, me te hangarau o te 80K6 hihiani ko reira i te taumata o analogues ke, me tona utu i te iti rawa e rua nga wa i raro i ona whakataetae. ngā rapunga mōrahi "Pelican" whāinga ko te 400 km. Heoi, i 3-5 m ² EPR ngā taumata ngā rapunga i runga i te teitei rere o 100 m Ko 40 km; i te teitei o 1000 m - 110 km; i te teitei o 10-30 km - 300-350 km.

Ki te taputapu hōia ki whakaurunga hihiani hou me ngā pūnaha rangi korero inaianei rawa e hāngai ana. hanga tenei reira taea ki te mau tonu te mana o te pïra e o Ukraine, ka hoatu nga whakahau o te ahumahi motu.