Aircraft. Ko te hītori o te tenenga

Mō ki te tiki atu i te whenua, me te whakaparo i reira rite manu, moe iwi o mai i nga wa onamata. Ngā kitenga o te whai pakau kōrero e mo te rere e hiahiatia ki te tangata i te parirau. pūrākau Kariki tawhito o Icarus ko Daedalus parau pehea i hangaia te rererangi whaiaro-hanga tuatahi - parirau o huruhuru puritia tahi i te ware pi. I muri i te marohirohi pūrākau o maha tangata toa kua whakawhanakehia ratou ake hoahoa o nga parirau. Engari haere ratou moe ki runga i roto i te rangi kihai i haere mai pono, mutu reira i roto i te kino.

Ko te mahi e whai ake i roto i te ngana ki te whakaaroa te waka mahi ko te whakamahi o turanga parirau. E aia ratou e te mana o te waewae ringa ranei, engari tika papaki, me te whakaara i te hanganga katoa i roto i te rangi e kore i taea e ki.

e kore ahau e noho peka ko Leonardo da Vinci. whanaketanga mohiotia Leonardo mihini ki parirau turanga, whakaturia i roto i te motini i te mana o te uaua tangata rere. Ko te rererangi tuatahi i hangaia e te kaipūtaiao Itari ngingila me ihi, te whakaaro ki te hei i te tauira o te waka. whakaaturia ana Leonardo he taputapu rite rawa ki te hurirere nui o te muka moe rauemi māngaro he 5 mita te whānui.

Ka rite ki hapu e te kaihoahoa, ko nga tangata e wha ki te takahuri i te ringa motuhake i roto i te porohita. kaipūtaiao Modern mea e i roto i te tikanga ki te kawe i tenei hoahoa i roto i te nekehanga, uaua kaha o wha iwi kihai i nui. Otiia ki te whakamahia Leonardo da Vinci rite te puna keu kaha, tona mīhini rere taea hanga i te wā poto-, engari he rere tūturu. I roto i te whakawhanake i tenei whakaaro mo rerenga kihai i da Vinci mutu, hangaia e ia huinga e taea rere i te tikanga o te kaha hau, a i roto i te 1480s, ka whakatata te tuhi o te taputapu "mo mokowhiti i tetahi teitei kahore kino ki te tangata." Te pūrere, e kore he tino rerekē i te hekerangi hou te pikitia i roto i te pikitia.

No mea pehea maere kia tangi ai, engari ko te rererangi tuatahi i tangohia e ki te rangi, ka tangohia o ona parirau. I te mutunga o te rau tau tekau ma waru, i nga teina Montgolfier, French Zhak Eten ko Zhozef Mishel, whakaaro pūangi tuke. Te rererangi, ki tonu i te hau wera taea ara utanga iwi ranei. Ko te tangata tuatahi ki te piki ki te rangi i runga i te poihau hau wera, ka pūangi kaitito i compatriot Jean-Francois de Rozier Pilatre. He marama i muri mai, i hanga e ia he poihau hau wera i roto i te kamupene ki te Marquis d'tuatahi Arlandom whati noa. tupu tenei i roto i te 1783.

Poihau-poihau whakangaueuetia e te hinaaro o te hau, e whakaaro iwi e pā ana ki te rere whakahaeretia. I roto i te 1784, kotahi noa tau i muri i te whati tuatahi i roto i te poihau, te rongonui pūtaiao, te aroaro mathematician, kaipūkaha me te hanga pā Zhak MENE te kaupapa mua (whakamaoritia i te tikanga kupu French "mana"). Ia whakaaro he elongated airships kaunuku, te tikanga o whakatika te nacelle ki te pōro ballonet whakakiia roto te anga mō ngā turuturu hau. Na tino nui - rite rawa Meunier rererangi i ki te hurirere e huri, i ahau ki te pana hoahoa whakamua.

Anake ki te ite i te whakaaro ngingila o Jacques Meunier i kahore i taea taua wa, i kore ano i whakaaro te hurirere tika.

I roto i tetahi take, i hanga taea whakawhetai ki te whanaketanga o pūtaiao o ngā rau tau mua, me o ratou rererangi kāinga te whanaketanga o te rererangi hou, me te putanga o te nohopuku, wāteatea, me te pono rererangi.