Alexander Dovzhenko - screenwriter Ukrainian, kaiwhakahaere: biography, auaha

a Dovzhenko Aleksandr Petrovich he pānga nui i runga i te pikitia Soviet. Ko tōna ingoa i muri i te studio kiriata hanga. Otiia kihai i reira anake te kaiwhakahaere me te kaitito. I roto i tona whenua, i roto i Ukraine, kua mohiotia ano hoki e ia kia rite ki te kaituhi, punake, me te buka. tamata Dovzhenko tona ringa i toi. Ko te angitu nui tutuki i roto i te mara o te screenwriting. tuhituhi ia whakaari, kōrero poto me te pūrākau i roto i te kāhua o te talena hapori.

I Alexander ko Dovzhenko he whakarau uaua, e ka hipokina tatou i roto i tenei tuhinga. Mirimiria ana e te kāwanatanga Soviet, te toa o rua Stalin Taonga me Artist o tangata o te RSFSR, i ia i roto i te wheako mua o whawhai i runga i te tahi atu taha ki te Whero. Tenei meka mohiotia e torutoru. Otiia lau te iwi tino mātauranga i roto i te USSR tona "Opus Magnum" - "ātahu Desna". Na ko te nuinga tona mahi taitahi-hanga o te mara o te pikitia te kiriata "whenua".

tamarikitanga

E ai ki te tomokanga i te rēhita o Reunion o Trinity Ekalesia Sosnitsa pa (he pokapū rohe inaianei o te rohe Chernigov, Ukraine), i whanau Alexander Dovzhenko i runga i te pāmu Vyunische August 29, 1894. kāhua New, hāngai tenei ki Mahuru 10.

Ko te papa me te whaea he peasants matau ki. Matua o te kaiwhakahaere i mua nei, Petr Semenovich, ko te uri o Poltava Chumakov, e noho i roto i Sosnitsa āhua i te waenganui o te rau tau tekau ma waru. taea te takina pakiaka whakapapa ahua o Dovzhenko ki te 1760s. Kei te mohiotia te reira e te-koroua nui o te kaituhituhi, Taras, ko he kaikauhau pakiwaitara nui. I riro tenei mea homai, me te iti Sashko.

puritia te whānau he wahi nui o te whenua, engari i noho i roto i te rawakore, no te mea ko o Apimereke, te oneone. O nga tamariki ma wha whanau ki te mahi-tau ora anake toru: Bellamy ia, tona teina, me te tuahine Pauline Trifon. maungärongo mate toutou i roto i toku mahara ki te kaiwhakahaere. "I roto i to tatou whare kingi tonu tangihanga me te tangi," - tuhituhi ia i muri. A e pā ana ki te wairua whiti o tona whaea, ka mea ia: "I whanau ia ki te waiata, engari ko te ora katoa e karanga ana, te kitenga i te tamariki ake."

whakangungu

whakakitea e ia i roto i te haapiiraa tuatahi i roto i Sosnitsa Alexander Dovzhenko hua pai me te hiahia mō te matauranga. No te mea ua faaoti toku papa ki te tonu whakangungu tana tama. hokona e ia i taea ki te tiki i te mātauranga i roto i te kura tuatahi i te wahi te whitu o ratou whenua ki a Bellamy, a ka i roto i 1911 tomo ia te ngä Institute i Glukhov. Tenei whare wānanga taitamariki Dovzhenko kore whiriwhiria hoki hiahia ia ki te riro i te kaiako, engari no te mea i hoatu ai i te karahipi ki te kotahi rau e rua tekau moni he tau. I te'inisititiutí, tutaki te kaituhi heke mai ki tuhinga Ukrainian, i roto i tenei wahi Russified o te kingitanga, ko nei i raro i te kanga. I muri i tu'ite i tonoa Dovzhenko ki whakaako i roto i Zhytomyr.

Ko te kaituhi ko tona wa

Ko te timatanga o te Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao, Alexander Dovzhenko, whakaahuatia he haurongo poto i roto i tenei tuhinga ka mohio te rite te jingo. Ia anaanatae maka haere ki hoia whawhai ki te puawai, me te tau torutoru timata ki te titiro ki te hoki i te mua "ki whakama, me te pouri." I roto i te wā taua huarahi Dovzhenko te Ukrainian kaupapa tau'atāina motu.

Hui-tanguru Revolution o 1917, maharatia ano hoki ia rawa ngākau nui. oto i muri i roto i reira whakaahua ana ia mahino: "I roto i te revolution, e kore ahau i whakaurua ki roto ki aua tatau." A, no te whawhati te Pakanga Civil i roto i, ka haere Dovzhenko ki tūao i te ope o te UNR, a tahi me te whakaekenga a te hoia Tuatoru Serdutskaya te Kiev "Arsenal". Kotahi tekau ma tahi nga tau i muri mai, tuhituhi te kaiwhakahaere te mau ohipa i roto i te kiriata, whakakorea e tangohia e ia wahi i roto i a ratou i runga i te wahi o te Gaidamakov Black. Mai i haere mai ki te kaha e tahuri mai Skoropadsky Dovzhenko ki Zhitomir. E hoki ki Kiev, ka ia he ākonga o te Iukereiniana Academy o Toi.

"Whero" wā haurongo

Kua i roto i nga uofulu, whakama Alexander Dovzhenko i roto i nga whakaaro motu-bourgeois. Mohio ki te kaituhi Vasily Blakytnym arahina ia ki a Marxism ao. I te iti rawa e te aha i tuhituhi te kaiwhakahaere ia i roto i tona haukiri o 1939. piri ia Borotbists. Na piri nga ngā mema o tenei rōpū te Party Communist (mua) o Ukraine. Tenei hononga tōrangapū tukua Dovzhenko ki noho tūranga rangatira: Hekeretari o te Tari Kiev o te Mātauranga, Head o te Tari Art. mahi ia i roto i te kanohi plenipotentiary USSR i Poland (1921) me te Trade Representation o te Ukrainian Republic i Germany. Tona noho i roto i Berlin, te artist Dovzhenko whakamahia ki te tango i te mau haapiiraa i te expressionist Villi Gekkelya. I roto i Germany, marenatia te toi-takawaenga Barbara Krylova. Ko, rite tahuri reira i roto i, ko te noho Borotbists pane pango mo te kāwanatanga hou. haamana'o Dovzhenko ki te Ukraine, a ia hau he kāri rōpū.

pikitia ao

Mai 1923, noho Dovzhenko i Kharkov - te whakapaipai tuatahi o Soviet Ukraine. B. Mā te Blakytnogo whiwhi ia pakiwaituhi nūpepa "News VUTSVK", me whakaatu ano hoki te pukapuka (i roto i ngā, "tereina puru" Petra Pancha). I roto i tenei wā ia tata converges ki te porowhita tuhituhi "Hart", i hāngai i te pikitia.

Alexander Dovzhenko, nei kiriata e kitea e faahinaaro nui i muri, i kahore mātauranga, kahore wheako i roto i te aratai. Heoi, tīmata ia ki te mahi i runga i te studio kiriata i roto i Odessa. Ko tētahi o nga mahi tona tuatahi i rōpū, e ëtahi "Army Whero" me te peita "I roto i te ngahere."

tamata Dovzhenko a ia i roto i te tūranga o te kaituhi. I roto i tenei mara hanga e ia he tākaro mō ngā tamariki i huaina "Vasya te reforomatio."

I runga i te huinga o "Berries a Love" tutaki Dovzhenko ki Danilo Demutsky, me tenei taupiri whakahaua e te kaiwhakahaere te whakatakotoria hoki tau ki te haere mai. Fakataha hanga e ratou he rota o ngā ropu.

Dovzhenko: Filmography

Ko te mahi tuatahi, i riro te āhukahuka i "Zvenigora". I roto i tenei 1928 peita ariki piri lyrics me pūhohe o te hautoa hou. Ko te kiriata "Earth" (1930), tata tonu i muri i nekehia atu te tuku i te reti.

Ko te pikitia "Ivan" (1932) kawea tata ia ki Stalin. hāngai ratou, e tango muri te kaiwhakahaere he whakarongo ki te tonotono. I roto i te 1939, Dovzhenko hoki whakahau hāngai i Stalin e "ritenga" kiriata "Shchors". Hoki tenei rīpene whakahaua riro tonu te tohu teitei.

Mai 1934, noho Dovzhenko i Moscow, me utu nui whakarongo ki te mahi tuhituhi. I roto i te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao, whakahaua ia e rave rahi pakipūmeka, tuhituhi tuhinga me ngā tuhinga.

whakama

Pātata ki te mana (ina koa ki a Stalin) kua he paku. I roto i te 1943, i tuhituhi Dovzhenko te screenplay mo te kiriata "Ukraine i te ahi." Heoi, tino ohorere, i te hui o te Politburo o te CPSU (b), tenei mahi kua waiho i raro ki te tūtara. Ko te hōtuhi ko te arotake rawa kino, me te Stalin.

I roto i te 1944, ka hapu kaiwhakahaere Alexander Dovzhenko kiriata lyrical "he Life i roto i te pua." Ka rite ki vnasmeshku, ka ui mana tahuri ia he pikitia mo te whakaaro ki o whakaritenga wä. tamata Dovzhenko rite pai taea ia. Ka rite ki te hua, te mata i roto i nuitia kiriata ngoikore i huaina "Michurin" tonu o ngā tātauira whakatairanga.

pono Ahakoa whakarau ake te pouri o te mahi whakamutunga o te kaiwhakahaere. raupapa State "Goodbye, America!" I hapu i runga i nga mahi o perebezhchitsy States i te USSR Annabella Byukar. A, no te haere mai te shooting ki te atamira whakamutunga, ka haere mai te Kremlin te tikanga ki te mutu te mahi i runga i te peita.

Mate i roto i te whenua ke

ko tonu Alexander Dovzhenko whakaeke ngakau tuatahi i roto i te hanga o "Michurin". I te mutunga o tona ora whakaako ia i te VGIK. hiahia ia ki te hoki mai ki Ukraine, engari kihai i nga mana e hoatu ki a ia whakaaetanga ki te rave i te reira.

whakamaheretia Dovzhenko mahi epic - ki te tuhituhi i te pūrākau "Golden Gate". i roto i ona mahere heke mai ano i ki te tuhituhi i te pikitia hōtuhi "Poem o te Moana". I te ra tuatahi o te pihinga te kiriata, ka mate ia o te whakaeke ngakau. I tanumia ia i Novodevichy Cemetery i Moscow.