Ariā, momo, me te tikanga: te hara

He aha te mea he hara, me tona hanganga? tohu tuakiri, me te whāinga, me to ratou huinga, whakapumautia e te ture taihara, e tohu te ati ki te hapori o te hara mahi, whakatau i te tikanga taketake. O te hara, ko te pūtake mō te incurring taunahatanga taihara. Kirimina ture Russian e kore whakaatu te ariā ano, Heoi, kei te whakamahia whānuitia reira na roto i te mahi whakatewhatewha, me te ture, Theory o ture, te Kirimina Hātepe Code me te Code Kirimina.

Elements me ratou tikanga

Actus reus ngā o wha anake huānga:

he) te ahanoa o te hara, whakahaua nei te huaki (pai, uara, whanaunga pāpori, e kia tiakina e te ture taihara);

b) te taha whāinga (e ko, te mahi rawa kino, ona taha waho, te mau hopearaa kino mo te hapori, me te hono mārama i waenganui i te hara, me nga mau hopearaa o, pu, ahua, moni, wā, te taiao, te wahi i noho ai te mahi hoki te hara);

c) te āhuatanga tuakiri (e ko te, he aha te mea i roto o te kino: ko te āhua hinengaro, te hamani ki te hara, me ona mau hopearaa: whakaaro mahue ranei, whakaaro, me te tumu, āhua aronganui i te wa o mahi i te mahi);

g) ino (tangata haepapa i roto i te tau o te hopoi'a taihara).

Ki te whakahaere i ahua o te mahi ture tetahi, he tino ia o enei āhuatanga.

Te tikanga he hara, me te he nga āhuatanga e tohu enei āhuatanga, ko ratou ano e wha ngā rōpū:

he) aua huanga e tohu i te ahanoa tika, te kaupapa o te hara , me te patunga;

b) he whakaahuatanga o te taha whāinga (te mahi me nga mau hopearaa o te hara, he hono causal whakapumautia i waenganui i te, wa, te taiao, tikanga, tikanga, taputapu e rua me te wahi);

c) te āhuatanga tuakiri, rawa, he ona ake āhuatanga: te waina, te tumu, kare, whāinga;

d) āhuatanga kaupapa (fatongia o te takitahi, te aroaro o te tau i ai e fatongia taihara).

Āhuatanga o ia o nga mea timatanga wha, rawa, he o faufaa taketake. He nga āhuatanga e hiahiatia ana, me te kōwhiringa te hara.

Whakahauanga me kōwhiringa

Me kia hakari āhuatanga whakahauanga, me te ngaro o te ahiahi i te kotahi tetahi o ratou ko te kore oti o te hanganga. Ko te uara o nga āhuatanga faufaa o te hara, tae atu ki o ratou taha whāinga, kia titoa o:

• Ko te ahanoa o te hara.
• Ngoikore o mahi ranei, me te causal nunu'a kino e pā ana tika ki te mahi otirā ranei, ki te whakaaro.
• Āhua me whai tohu o tangata tinana o te ngakau tangi, me te tetahi tau reira huānga kaupapa.
• He rite loto mahue ranei.

He nui te uara o nga tohu o te hara, anake ka taea e ratou te whakatau i te whaitake o te hāmene taihara.

āhuatanga Kōwhiringa hiahiatia ana ki te hanga i te āhuatanga o te hara rite atu ki te matua kia riro whakahauanga raro hōparatanga mo te hanganga me te kōwhiringa mō ētahi atu. Hei tauira:

he) whanaunga ki te ahanoa: te pārurenga me ngā kaupapa;

b) ki te taha ki whāinga - te wahi, te huru, te wā, tikanga, taputapu;

c) ki te whakapai kanohi ki te kaupapa - he kaupapa motuhake;

g) tumu - kāwanatanga aronganui, me te tauihu, ūnga.

Ko pono te uara o te taunakitanga o te hara hanganga nui, mai ka waiho ratou aroaro anake te tautohe mo te taunahatanga taihara.

Classification: te tohu o te hapori, me te ati tūmatanui

Ko nga hara o tino rerekē i ia atu, e ratou i runga i whenua ōrite, rawa, e taea te wehea ki wha nga wahi. Ko reira i roto i te whakamāramatanga ūkui te uara o te hara. Ko ratou Puka.

1. Ko te tohu o te pätahi i roto i nga he tohu pūnaha: noa, kano, me ngā momo-motuhake formulations.

• Kei te tuatahi o te huinga o ngā āhuatanga me ngā āhuatanga e kitea i roto i formulations katoa, kua āhuatanga ratou e mahi taihara.
• Ko te tuarua - te āhuatanga whānui he ōrite e tohu nga āhuatanga rōpū tūturu patu te CC wāhanga taua.
• Ko te wahi tuatoru - he āhuatanga ture o hara o etahi rōpū.
• A maha - te töpü o te hara ture taihara motuhake.

2. Ko te tohu o te ati tūmatanui o te hara i raro i ngā tūhuratanga ki te formulations tuatahi, faingamālie me te whai tohu.

• Ko te tuatahi - taketake - kei te huinga katoa o te matua (herea) taunakitanga tuakiri, me te whāinga o te hanganga, te wahi kei āta kapehu te hara, me te kore e roto i tetahi huru whakahōhā mitigating ranei.
• Ko te wāhanga tuarua - te monū, arā, kei roto mitigating tohu e whakaaro he ati iti ki te hapori o te mahi, me te mahi i rite te pūtake mō te whakaiti i te rahi o te utu whakaritea ki te whiu mo nga hara o te hanganga taketake.
• kaimahi whai tohu - te mahi ki tūkunga whakahōhā, i kō atu e nga āhuatanga motuhake o te hara, e whakaatu ana te ati rahi ki te hapori o te mahi, a na reira i uta e te whiu atu nui whakaritea ki te whiu o te hanganga taketake.

Signs o nga momo tuatahi e rua whakaatu pēhea te nui nga āhuatanga o te hara. Ngā momo o tika ata te whānuitanga o te whiu mo mahia perstupleniya.

Classification: he ara o te whakaahua i te hanganga me ngā āhuatanga o

Methods whakaahua ture ai hei hara tohu o ngā momo e toru: ohie, matatini, me te rerekē. Ko te wahi tuatahi e homai nga tohu tuakiri, me te whāinga katoa kotahi i roto i te matatini kei āhuatanga atu ranei āhuatanga i roto i ngā ine, he hanganga kē - he ahua o te matatini, engari he āhuatanga o reira ko e reira ko te tohu o te kōwhiringa mo te mahi taihara aratau o mahi ranei, e te hunga katoa i te wa ano ranei ia wehe tautuhi i te hara. Ko te kupu kua whakaaturia reira ranei he tikanga rerekē he taunakitanga whāinga o te hara.

kia i te kau o formulations katinga rauemi, rāpopototia ōkawa ranei - āhuatanga hoahoa o ngā āhuatanga o te ahanoa me tona taha whāinga. I roto i te wāhanga tuatahi o te tohu ki te mahi o te hara he nunu'a ki kore, me te hara e taea te whakaaro iho oti, no te reira mai hopearaa mōrearea mō te hapori, whakaritea e te ture. Ko te hanganga ōkawa ko te tohu anake i runga i te ati ki te mahi tūmatanui a ° hoatu ara ki taunahatanga ranei, a e kore e whakawhirinaki ai i runga i te takanga o nga hopearaa o te mahi. Rāpopototia te hara (ariā, tikanga huanga) He hanganga i roto i nei te kiia oti te hara i te wā mua - i te wa o e fai te mahi, te whakamātau mā te tunu ki te mahi taihara ranei, a kahore he ti'aturi i runga i te otinga o te mahere.

tautuhi

Kāwai o te hara ki te wa rawa te roa kua whakamahia whānuitia anake i roto i te mahi, engari te ture taihara tae noa tata, e kore te tenei whakamāramatanga whakamahia. noaa hopea RF Kirimina Code te tūranga whakatakotoria o taua ariā, ahakoa kihai i hoatu e whakamāramatanga pau. Ko tonu te āputa i te taha o te ariā o te ture.

Na te hara - whakaratohia i roto i te whakapae, me i te huru o te ture ture taihara me te hoatu i te āhuatanga o te ati pāpori ngā o te mahi kia rite ki te kino, ki nga mea timatanga tuakiri, me te whāinga (tohu), mahi i runga i te pūnaha. Ko te te tautuhinga matua: he pūnaha i roto i nei te huānga (tūtohu) - te uara o te taunakitanga. Kua oti kē faaite te reira i roto i taua nga mea timatanga o te hara e wha pūnaha: te ahanoa me te taha whāinga, te kaupapa, me tona taha tuakiri. Ko te uara o nga āhuatanga o te hara e te hunga e ratou te pūtake mō te incurring taunahatanga taihara. Ki te te ngaro tetahi huānga, e kore te te taunahatanga taihara tūmanakohia. Hei tauira, ki te i mahia te hara e te tangata haurangi - ko te ngaro o te hamani.

Ko te ariā o te ture

hāngai ana ture whakaturia atu i roto i te he Code Kirimina e i runga i te ako o te āhuatanga ngā me te kōmihana o etahi mahi o te iwi ki te whakaatu i te au maranga, he reira houhou, me te kino i te wāhi o te tirohanga o te iwi whānui. Taihara hiranga ture o te hara - he waehere hanga e te tika, me te pono e whakaata ana i te pūnaha whanaunga ukiuki i roto i te hapori, ina koa te ati o ratou distortion, arai mahi pāpori whai hua, me te kähaki tika.

Ko te iriti ture no He rite te taiao, e kore whakaputa ture, me te kore i whakaaroa ratou, engari whakatakoto noa, e tamata i te faaite i roto i te ture ā-mohio o te ture e pā ana ki te whanaungatanga i te pae varua. Na whakahuatia te uara o te hara i roto i te ture taihara i roto i te Code Kirimina (wahi motuhake), ka taea te kitea i reira tetahi hara i tetahi. Hei tauira, tahae i te pahua, pahua o whakaweti rerekē rerekē anake āhuatanga wāhanga o enei hara.

I roto i Russia

Tuatahi, he wahi e pā ana ki te ture Roma me Ingarihi. I roto i te Roma i tahito, i matau i te tahae hara, tae atu nama utu. whakaaro English ture taihara ara ngā o tahae patua i runga i ngā rawa o te tahi atu iwi, ara, ki te mea kua tangohia e te tangata te tahi mea i kitea takiwhatia ki te hiko ranei. tomo te ture taihara ki hara motuhake, e rārangi ngaio i roto i Russia.

Na te tikanga tenei e taea ia ite i te whiu taihara me te hara whanonga e hāngai ana ki te tohu o te hanganga ngā anake. E mohio uara Ture o te hara i roto i te Code Criminal hei tohu tūturu katoa i roto i te rarangi, engari te nui tino me angamaheni o tuakiri me te whāinga, tahi characterizing te mahi rite te hapori mōrearea.

hara oti a mutu

I roto i te tahi mau tumu parau (Motuhake Part CC) e whakaahuatia pono hoki tohu oti o hara mahia nga kaihaka i tahi ki te tahi-kaituhi rānei anake. Otiia wahi whānui o te Code Kirimina, kei kai i runga i hara kāore, tito nei o te faaineineraa ranei hara ngana.

Ko te uara o te hara taha tuakiri e whakaahuatia i roto i te tohu wahi General e rua takitahi, me te noa ki he katoa. A, no te ki te tangata te mahi, hei tauira, ngā āhuatanga he kaikōkiri i, kaiwhakahaere he ki ta ranei, a kahore fakatāutaha mahi mahi he kino, whakaaro ki te te kino wahi o te whakahaere, akiaki Tuhinga ranei. I ia taahiraa o te taihara kua he tohu e ōrite ana.

Ka taea te āhuatanga tetahi hara e te momo o ngā tohu tuakiri, me te whāinga, ngā āhuatanga, me te ahurei ki ana ngā āhuatanga. Tefito o te Code Kirimina (wāhanga motuhake) tohu anake nga mea timatanga tino pūmau hanganga me o ratou āhuatanga Pākēha: he ahanoa i te taha o te mahi taihara - e rua tuakiri me te whāinga, me ka mahi i runga i te pūnaha katoa e tautuhi ranei e kore e tautuhia rite te kino. He nui te uara o te taha whāinga o te hara ïa no te mea kei te whakaaro te reira awerenga ranei mahi mōrearea ki te hapori i te hopearaa, te huru o te wa, me te wahi, te hononga causal, tikanga, tikanga me ngā tikanga, pu i roto i te faaueraa o te hara - e ko, te whakarite i te hanganga o nga tohu.

tauira

whakarāpopoto āhuatanga o ia hanganga o nga āhuatanga hara-ātete anake, ka taea e koe te hanga i te ahua o te wāhanga oti'a pūtaiao o te ariā whānui, e ngā te āhuatanga i runga, o ratou rōpū (i huaina ano e te rōpū te hanganga o ona huānga ranei) katoa e wha. hoatu ratou nga āhuatanga o te ahanoa, tona taha whāinga, te taha tuakiri o te hara, me te kaupapa. Tenei tauira (ariā) kei te whakamahia i roto i ngā kura, me te auraa rahi huarahi. Mai he ona ake āhuatanga motuhake, ia wahi i roto i ona ake motuhake me te ahurei ia taha o te hara.

I roto i te hanganga whānui o e hiahiatia ana te hara, e he whakahauanga mo te kaimahi katoa, tohu, me te he maha o takitahi, mohiotia, kōwhiringa. Hei tauira, wahi, wa, te moni, patu, kua ngā tikanga o mahi i te kino, ona mau hopearaa me te āhuatanga i roto i nei te tupu tenei katoa, e kore wa katoa i roto i etahi o te hara, engari te otirā me te mahi - ko te taha ki whāinga tenei, a ka āhuatanga reira he hiahiatia hoki ia waihanga. Heoi, i roto i te hara e kore e whakaritea āta ranei e hiahiatia ana ngā āhuatanga kōwhiringa i roto i te CC (Special Part). E tata Signs o te mahere taua tautuhi ōkawatia ranei, rite whakaahuatia e te tikanga-waha - te ngā ture motuhake, ariā, kupu pai-mohiotia.

tauira

He maha ngā paearu hurihia e te hara i runga i nei Whakaröpütia i roto i te Code Criminal (wahi motuhake). Ko te nui o nga āhuatanga faufaa o te taha whāinga o te hara, me te wāhi hoahoa ki te-wāhanga iti: rauemi he hanganga, ōkawa rāpopototia ranei. He tauira o te hanganga rauemi: mahue (Part 1 o te Upoko 293 o te Code Kirimina), i roto i nei i reira he kore tūkunga whakahōhā. Tenei te mea e tika ana ki te whakatū i rite te hopearaa taihara meinga kino i runga i te tauine nui, he takahi nui o te mana tika, me te ngākau nuitanga o tangata whakahaere ranei ranei nga ngākau nuitanga o te hapori, me te ahua tiaki e te ture. Ki te he reira huru whakahōhā (wāhanga 2 o te tuhinga taua), tenei te tikanga te tono o te kino tinana he nanakia noa te mate o te tangata ranei meinga ki pohehe. Ki te reira ko he ngaahi tūkunga whakahōhā motuhake (paratarafa 3 o te tuhinga taua) - meinga te mate o rua atu ranei tangata i mahue noa.

He tauira o te hanganga ōkawa ki te pānga motuhake e kore e tohu i reira he nui otirā ranei mahi e whakaratohia ana hoki i roto i te Tuhinga o te Code Kirimina. Ko te mau hopearaa e te nuinga kitea i waho o taua hara, a ki te kei ratou tonu i reira, ka tangohia ki pūkete ka whiu. Hei tauira, te hanganga o te matau pōti o te tukuna ai pokanoa ranei ki te mahi o kōmihana pōtitanga. He tito rāpopototia oho he momo o ōkawa, tika te mutunga o te mahi ki te wawe wāhanga o te hara. Hei tauira, whakatakoto pahua (Tuhinga 162) Kei te rite te whawhai ki te tahae i te taonga, i reira ki te whakamahi i te tutu, mōrearea hoki te ora me te hauora, te riri o taua tutu ranei. Pahua - mahia hara i te kau tuatahi o te whakaeke. Mutu whakawhitia i te wa o te kōhurutanga tona ture, ka te te hinganga o tetahi taonga i puritia ra ano taua mea.