Butlerov Aleksandr Mihaylovich. Poto haurongo Butlerova AM

Butlerov Aleksandr Mihaylovich, he haurongo poto kitea nei i roto i tata katoa pukapuka o matū - te kēmihi Russian rongonui, te kaiwhakarewa o te kura pūtaiao o te matū waro, te kaiwhakarewa o te ariā o te hanganga o ngā pūhui matū waro, tohu a faataa maha nui poinanahatanga o ngā pūhui matū waro, me te synthesized etahi o ratou (methenamine, formaldehyde polymer me pr.). Ano, Alexander, tona whai ki te pūtaiao whakamoemiti D. I. Mendeleev, mahi tuhituhi i runga i Beekeeping me te ahuwhenua.

Butlerov Aleksandr Mihaylovich: he haurongo poto

whanau te pūtaiao heke mai i Mahuru 15, 1828 i roto i te hapu o te hōia o mua, i taua wa, i te kairetiwhare. whai wāhi tona papa Mikhail i roto i te whawhai 1812, a muri iho i te rīhainatanga o tona hapu i noho i roto i te kainga tupuna Butlerovka. Mama, Sophia Alexandrovna, mate i te tau o te 19, i muri i tonu whanau. pau i roto i te Butlerovke Alexander me koroua o whenua tona tamarikitanga - te kainga Podlesnaya Shantala, te wahi i nga tati i runga i te mātauranga. I 10 tau i tonoa tamaiti tawhito ki te kura noho tūmataiti, te wahi kua taukei ia Wīwī, me te Tiamana. I roto i te 1842, i muri i te ahi e wehingia ana i roto i Kazan, i katia te poari, ka whakawhiti Sasa ki te whare hākinakina 1 st Kazan. kohikohi pepeke me tipu, kaha hiahia i roto i te matū me te kawea atu ana ngā tuatahi i roto i enei kura Butlerov. Ko te hua o tetahi o ratou ko te pahūtanga, me te whiu mo te mea i meatia e ia ki a Alexander - ". Te kēmihi nui" te mutunga i roto i te mātao, me te tohu i runga i tona uma,

tau ākonga

I roto i te 1844, ka Butlerov A. M., kua î ki te aroha mo te matū nei haurongo, he ākonga o te Whare Wānanga o Kazan, ko wai i reira te pokapū o te rangahau pūtaiao taiao. I te tuatahi, kawea te tamaiti i ana e te mätai kararehe me te huaota, engari ka horahia e tona moni i raro i te mana o kauwhau CD Klaus ko N. N. Zinina ki te matū. I to ratou tohutohu ki te iwi taitamariki whakaritea he taiwhanga kāinga, engari te kaupapa o te o te ariki, pea no te mea oho Zinin ki St. Petersburg, i reira nga pūrerehua.

I puta ia i te whare wānanga i roto i te 1849 Butlerov Aleksandr Mihaylovich, i petihanatia N. I. Lobachevsky ko K. K. Klaus, i oti rawa ia ia ki te whakaako me te kauwhau i runga i te pae tino geography, ahupūngao me te matū. Na ko tetahi kaikorero hoki pai a Alexander, te taea ki te pupuri rawa whakawhetai aro o te whakarongo ki te mārama me te nanakia. I tua atu ki te kauwhau i te whare wānanga kauhau wātea ana nuitia Butlerov. Ēnei mahi Kazan whakarongo ētahi wā hiahia ngā tapere huatau. Riro mai tohu o te ariki i te tau 1851, i te taua tau marenatia e ia Nadezhda Mikhailovna Glumilino - irāmutu Sergeya Timofeevicha Aksakova. mau e ia tona tuhinga täkutatanga i roto i te 3 tau i Moscow State University i runga i te kaupapa "I te hinu faufaa." I muri i taua i pōtitia ia i roto i te University Kazan faahiahia, he tau torutoru i muri i te ahorangi ki tonu o te matū. Mai i 1860 ki te 1863 ki tona i pai ai rua Whakakapi Rector, i te Tumuaki te wā, kaua uaua o hītori o te whare wānanga: Curtin tangihanga me te bezdna pōuri i pā ki ngā ākonga, me te hanganga professorial.

Trip ki Europe

whai wāhi mātātoa Alexander i te mahi o te Society Economic o te pa o Kazan, whakaputaina tuhinga i runga i ahuwhenua, huaota me te floriculture. Haurongo Butlerov E toru ngā haerenga ki waho, te tuatahi o i tangohia e wahi i roto i te 1857-1858 gg Alexander Mikhailovich. tae mai pūtaiao Russian Europe, te wahi i ia i roto i te ahumahi matū me tutaki ki ārahi taiwhanga matū. I roto i tetahi o ratou, i roto i Paris, mahi ia mo tata e ono nga marama. I te wa ano i whakarongo Butlerov Aleksandr Mihaylovich ki te kauwhau o hinengaro Pākehā rangatira rite tēnei wā, E. Mitscherlich, J. von Liebig, muratahi RV, a hanga te mohio o Friedrich August Kekule - kēmihi Tiamana.

I tona hokinga mai ki Kazan Butlerov AM, tona biography kei o te pānga i roto i Russia kore anake engari ki waho ano hoki, tahuri ia te taiwhanga matū, ka tīmata rangahau tonu o methyl i Wurtz. I roto i te 1858, kitea pūtaiao he tikanga hou o synthesizing methyl konutawa, a ka kawea i roto i te maha o nga mahi e pā ana ki te ora o ona pärönaki. I roto i te ariā o te methylene diacetate ko formaldehyde polymer - hua saponification o te taonga, te hua o ngā runga i ko i te hexamethylenetetramine me metileninat. Ko te kupu, Butlerov kōtuitanga katoa tuatahi hua reka.

Butlerov Aleksandr Mihaylovich: poto e pā ana ki te whakatutukitanga o te kaipūtaiao

I roto i te 1861 i hanga Butlerov i Speyer, i te Congress o tākuta Tiamana me pūtaiao, me te kauhau "I te hanganga matū o mea", e hāngai ana nei i runga i te mōhio ki te āhua o te matū moni ki waho mataku i roto i te tumu o te matū i te wāhi ariā o te tirohanga, me tona ake ngā hua mo te mahi pūtaiao katoa. Tona ariā, i ngā te whakaaro o te kaha o te hanganga o mekameka o ngota waro o te A. Cooper me te honohono, A. Kekule, mahara hanganga matū o ngā rāpoi ngota, i nei tikanga i matau te pūtaiao pūhui ngota ki waenganui ia ratou i runga i te nui motuhake o te kaha matū (pakuwha) rānei, i ia āhuatanga ngota.

āhuatanga nui o te ariā o Butlerov

kitea kaipūtaiao Russian te hononga tata o te āhuatanga hanganga me te matū o ngā pūhui matū waro uaua atu i taea ki te whakamārama he tokomaha o ratou poinanahatanga, tae atu e toru pentanes, e rua butanes isomeric, ngā waiwaihā. Ano e hanga Butlerov ariā e taea ki te matapae maimoatanga matū pea, me te whakamārama ratou.

Ko te kupu, i roto i tona ariā o Aleksandr Mihaylovich Butlerov:

• whakakitea kore vai i te ariā wa Matū;
• fakamamafa'i ia te faufaa fakaehaua o te ariā ngota;
• hanganga matū tautuhia rite te tohatoha o ope hunaonga no ngota, ai ngota e awe (take epā) ki tahi i te tahi, e hono ki te momo matū;
• 8 ture whakatupuranga pūhui matū tautuhia;
• utua tuatahi whakarongo ki te rerekētanga i waenganui i te reactivities o pūhui Nä, e tika ana ki te pūngao o raro teitei ranei ki e hono nga ngota, me te waeine whakapaunga pakuwha wāhanga katoa ranei i roto i te hanga here.

mua Scientific kēmihi Russian

Haurongo Butlerova Aleksandra Mihaylovicha whakaahuatia poto i roto i pukapuka, me te rā o tona ora me te whakatutukitanga nui i roto i te pūtaiao. I te pūkete o te pūtaiao maha nui Russian o ngā hangaia ki te whakaū i tona ariā. Scientist,-synthesized mua, i tāutuhia i roto i 1864, te hanganga o tuatoru waipiro butyl i roto i 1866 - isobutane, i roto i te 1867 - isobutylene. Ano ako he maha o te hanganga o te ethylene me te waro hua ratou polymerization.

I roto i te 1867-1868 gg. Butlerov Aleksandr Mihaylovich, he haurongo poto i te mea anaanatae mau o pūtaiao huri noa te ao, i whakaritea e ia Ahorangi o matū i St Petersburg University. Presenting tona kapa o tenei institution, haapapu Mendeleev taketake Butlerov whakaako, e kore te toronga o te mahi a tētahi atu, engari no ki a ia fakafo'ituitui.

I te tau 1869 i te pae hopea noho Butlerov i St. Petersburg, te wahi i pōtitia ia faahiahia, a ka mau academician o te St Petersburg Academy o Sciences. he kaha rawa wā o te ora i roto i te St Petersburg: tonu te ahorangi ana ngā, ariā kita pai o te hanganga matū, ki te whai wāhi i roto i te ora tūmatanui.

Ngā pānga i roto i te ora o te kaipūtaiao

I roto i te 1873, ka anga ia ako i te hītori o te matū , me kua kauhau i runga i tenei kaupapa. tuhituhi ahau te tuatahi i roto i te aamu o te whakahaere pūtaiao, e hāngai ana i runga i te ariā o te hanganga matū - ". Whakataki ki te ako oti o te matū waro" Aleksandr Mihaylovich Butlerov ko te kaiwhakaū o te kura Utaina Russian o, ka karanga te kore "kura Butlerov." I roto i te whakarara ki te ako o te matū he kaha hiahia i roto i te ahuwhenua. I roto i ngā, i hiahia i roto i te maara o te tea i roto i te Caucasus, māra, me te Beekeeping ia. Tona pānui whakamārama "Me pēhea te ki te pei i te pi" me "Bee, tona ora, me te ture matua o te pi tika" toutou anōtia, me te moheni "whārangi Beekeeping Russian" rite mea i hanga ki roto i 1886.

I roto i te 1880-1883 gg. Butlerov Aleksandr Mihaylovich, he haurongo poto e hira ki ngā āhuatanga ngā, me te nui hoki te pūtaiao, ko te peresideni o te hapori Physico-hangarau Russian. I roto i te wā kotahi, te pūtaiao rawa nui hiahia i roto i te spiritualism, nei tutaki ia roto i te whenua o Aksakov i 1854. I muri mai, kēmihi Russian tata e pā ana ki whanaunga o tona wahine Aksakovym A. N., whakaputaina e te Journal o te spiritualism "Psychical Research" a takare ai awhina i mua i faahapa ona hoa i matatau me hoa tona weriweri.

Ko te uara o nga mahi o Butlerova Aleksandra Mihaylovicha i matū

Ko te rīhainatanga o Alexander i ki te waiho i te 1875, i muri i te 25 tau o te mahi. oho atu rua Kaunihera o St Petersburg University tenei wā o te 5 tau. Ko te kauhau whakamutunga Aleksandra Mihaylovicha Butlerova i tū Maehe 14, 1885. rahua tona hauora, turakina e lahi mahi pūtaiao , me ngā mahi pāpori: ka mate katoa o te Butlerof ohorere i te whenua o Akuhata 5, 1886. Scholar tanumia i roto i te urupā kainga Māori Butlerovki, inaianei defunct, i roto i te fare pureraa utuafare.

Butlerova mahi i roto i tona ora riro āhukahuka ao whakaaro, tona kura pūtaiao ko te wāhi o te whanaketanga o te matū i roto i Russia, me te haurongo Butlerova Aleksandra Mihaylovicha he mahu'inga'ia mo'oni 'o ngā pūkenga me ngā ākonga. Alexander ia ko te tino ahakoa, me te tangata pūkenga ki te huru whakahoahoa, tuwhera-whakaaro, pai-natured me mahakai ki te ākonga.