Haurongo Butlerova Aleksandra me tona whai ki te pūtaiao

Haurongo Butlerova ki nei e ako ia koutou i roto i tenei tuhinga, te tuhituhi i te whakatūnga o te ariā o te hanganga matū. Tenei ariā i tenei ra ko te pūtake o te pūtaiao o te natura o pūhui matū.

haamata Butlerova haurongo i roto i te 1828, ka whanau he kainga Butlerovke iti kei kore matara atu i Kazan, ko Alexander. ka mau tenei hui wahi i roto i te ingoa o tona papa.

Butlerov Aleksandr Mihaylovich: tamarikitanga

kihai i Alexander mahara tona whaea rite mate ia 11 ra i muri i te whanautanga o tana tama. Ko te tangata mātauranga tona papa, a ka hiahia te kaipūtaiao heke mai rite huri noa ia. I te tuatahi, ka haere te tamaiti ki te kura noho, a ka timata ki te ako i te hākinakina Tuatahi Kazan. I roto i tenei kura, he kaiako rawa aravihi i taea ki te whakaputa moni i roto i to ratou kaupapa nei. i ngāwari Alexander ako, rawa ngā tona pūtaiao.

Karaehe i te University o Kazan, neke ki Kazan

Anga ke ki te tono o tona papa, i muri i te mutunga o te kura nui, faaoti Alexander ki te riro i te ākonga o sciences tūturu tari o te University o Kazan. He tau i muri mai, i roto i te 1845-m, i uru ia ki te tau tuatahi. I tenei wa, ko 17 nga tau o te tamaiti.

Haurongo Butlerova whakawhiwhia i roto i te tau 1846 i te hui kino - hinga ia mate ki mua. semeio ora te tangata, engari i mate toku papa, i huaketo e ia,. Butlerof ngahuru oho ia ki tona whaea keke ki a Kazan. I whare wānanga ako ia ata, engari hohoro kite e te nuinga o te katoa e pai ai ia kauwhau i runga i te matū. kihai i makona reira nga kauwhau o Ahorangi Claus, na ka anga ia ki te haere i te haapiiraa, i arahina Nikolay Nikolaevich Zinin. tiaki whakamutunga i roto i te mahi taiwhanga mo Alexander ite e te pūmanawa.

Parenga o te mahi kaitono

Hoki tohu o te ariki i puta Alexander i te whare wānanga ki te tuku i te tuhinga. Zinin tenei wa ka haere ki St Petersburg i Kazan. Na reira, i Alexander ki te mahi ki nga tikanga tūturu. rite ia mo tona mahi PhD he tuhinga e tika ana "Butterflies o nga kararehe Täingäwai-Ural". Otiia i muri i te ia e pera e hoki tonu Butlerof ki matū te huru.

Mahi i roto i te University o Kazan

I muri imiraa i te tohu, i te mahi Alexander i University Kazan. Klaus, anake te ahorangi o te matū, e kore i taea e iho kawe i ngā mahi katoa a hiahiatia he kaiawhina e riro Alexander. Butlerof ngahuru o 1850 haere nga whakamātautau, ka meinga he rangatira o te matū. Ia i timata tonu te mahi i runga i tona otr täkutatanga i runga i te kaupapa o hinu faufaa. awhina Butlerov te mahi i te timatanga o te tau i muri mai. Āpiti atu ki te faaineineraa o kauhau whai wāhi Alexander i roto i te ako tino o te hītori o te matū.

Butlerof nerd

Haurongo Butlerova hiahia e kore anake Utaina, engari ano hoki huaota. whakahaeretia Alexander ngā i roto i o ratou greenhouses i nga i Butlerovke i Kazan. tuhituhi hoki tuhinga i runga i floriculture, ahuone me te ahuwhenua Butlerov Aleksandr Mihaylovich. Photos tohu ki Alexander, kei roto i Kazan, e tata ana te whare wānanga, kei te aroaro raro nei.

Tākutatanga, haerenga ki waho, takoha ki te matū

Butlerof Pipiri 4, 1854 riro he toketā i roto i te ahupūngao me te matū. Tonu i muri, i whakaritea e ia ahorangi whakakapi o matū i roto i tona whenua University Kazan. Butlerof te timatanga o 1857, ko ia kua he orometua. I roto i te taua tau, i roto i te raumati, riro ia whakaaetanga ki te haere ki te haerenga ki waho.

I roto i Berlin tae Alexander i te mutunga o te raumati. I muri i te ia haere ia i runga i te haere i roto i Germany, Italy, Switzerland ko France. Paris ko te whakaaro hopea o te haerenga. I taua wa ko reira te pokapū ao mo te ako o te matū. Butlerova ngā nuinga whakaminenga ki a Adolf Wurtz. I roto i tona taiwhanga, mahi ia 2 marama Aleksandr Butlerov. Whārangi, ka anga ia ki te whakahaere o ratou ngā konei. I muri i te tahi mau wa, tuku tona rangahau nga hua tuatahi. I roto i te 20 tau i muri mai, ka whakatuwheratia e ia pinepine o tauhohe me matū Alexander Butlerov. kua takoha ki tona matū kua nui. I tua atu, i whakahaere ratou whāiti hi'oraa maitai o te ethylene me ewaro, waiwaihā tuatoru, dinzobutilena, trioxymethylene, hexamine kei i te takenga mai o te maha o ahumahi. E ratou he pānga whakaongaonga i runga i tona whanaketanga. Ka rite ki a koutou e taea te kite, he rota o te pūtaiao me te ahumahi hanga Butlerov Aleksandr Mihaylovich. He uaua ki te pe si◊aki whakatutuki i te reira. Na korero e pā ana ki te ariā i hanga e tenei kēmihi.

ariā Butlerova

Butlerof ako waiwaro, ua ite e ahau e he reira he piha motuhake o ngā matū. Scientist tātari ratou āhuatanga me te hanganga, kite he ture tino, i hanga e te pūtake o te ariā o te hanganga matū, i hanga e ia.

Butlerova pūrongo o te Paris Academy o Sciences, i oha ki te moni. Timata te tautohetohe ora. He tau torutoru i muri, i roto i te haerenga 2 ki waho, aroaro Alexander tona ariā. hoatu e ia he whakaaturanga i runga i te Congress 36 o ngā tākuta, me pūtaiao i roto i Speyer, puritia i roto i te Mahuru 1861 tai'o Butlerov tona pūrongo i runga i "Te tahi mea e pā ana ki te hanganga matū o tinana." Scientist whakaurua whakarongo i hanga e ia he ariā hou o te hanganga o ngā pūhui matū waro. ka mea ia e ngota katoa e he wahi o te tinana, ko te tika whai wāhi i roto i tona hanganga, me te mahi ki te ope e hāngai ana ki te ngota e karapoti ana i te reira. Ko reira no te mea o tenei te rongo herea ngota ki te rāpoi ngota o te momo matū. ka karanga ia ki te hanganga matū o te mahi tohatoha o enei ope, e arata'i ki te hononga o te ngota. Ko te kupu, ko te matūriki hiato i te pūtake matū i tei runga i te āhua o ngā wāhanga, ratou kaupapa ture matū me te rahinga.

Kia mahara e i mua tutaki Butlerova i te tuhinga, te wā "hanganga matū". Heoi, ka anga te pūtaiao ki te tàtou ki tona whakamahi ki te tautuhi i te ariā hou. Ko te ariā o te hanganga matū ko te pūtake o nga manga katoa o matū waihanga hou.

Whiwhi trimethyl carbinol

Ka taea te whakaaro te tau oaoa i roto i te ora 1863rd Butlerova i mahi i runga i acetyl pūhaumāota dimethylzinc, kua riro te pūtaiao mo te wa tuatahi i roto i te aamu wānanga waipiro butyl, te kore e mohiotia ana ko trimethyl. I roto i te tuhinga, tata muri i korerotia ai i te ariā o ngā waiwaihā butyl, tuatahi, me te tuarua. kua Isobutyl waipiro mohiotia ki nga kaiputaiao mai i 1852. Na ka ka tawhiti tuatahi reira i te hinu huawhenua. Na, ko te pātai i taea e pā ana ki tetahi tautohe, no te mea i reira ko 4 o butyl waipiro, ia o nei ko te poinanaha. Ko he whakamanamana tūturu mo te ariā hanganga.

tautomerism ariā

Hoki te wā i tau 1862 ki te 1865, e tano ki te tūranga taketake faaite Butlerov ariā hou inaianei tautomerism isomerization reversible. whakaaro tōna kaituhi e te ia i te huarahi o te wāhinga te taua hanganga o ngā rāpoi ngota, me te uru ratou ki nga toenga o te hanganga o ngā rāpoi ngota hou ki te hanganga rerekē. korero te pūtaiao o te hiahia ki te whakamahi i ngā tukanga matū huarahi hihiri. I roto i te mau parau te tahi atu, kia whakaaro ratou rite taurite. whanaungatanga o Alexander hei ariā kaituhi tautomerism mohio noa Pita Laar, he kēmihi Tiamana, nei i tapa ki te kupu "tautomerism".

Tutorial i roto i Matū

Na ko Butlerova mahi ki te whakamahi i kua ana ariā hanganga i roto i te pā ana ki pūhui me ngā tauhohenga o te matū waro katoa, me te waihanga i tētahi pukapuka hou i runga i matū waro. I roto i te pukapuka matua kia whakaaro ari katoa i roto i te poro o te ariā i hanga e ia. mahi tata 2 tau Butlerov i runga i tona hanganga. E toru ngā putanga (i roto i te wā i te tau 1864 ki te tau 1866), he pukapuka e Alexander M. "Introduction ki te ako tino o te matū waro." Ko te tawhiti pai ki te tetahi mohiotia i te wa o pukapuka. Kua meinga e mahi Butlerova he revolution i roto i te pūtaiao. Kua i roto i te tau 1867, ka timata matou ki te faaineine i te iritiraa e te nene'iraa o tenei pukapuka i roto i te Tiamana. Na i reira nga whakamāoritanga i ētahi atu reo nui o Europe.

Okioki i roto i te mahi Butlerovke i St Petersburg University

I muri i oti te mahi i runga i te pukapuka atu pinepine ko ia i roto i tona wahi Butlerov Aleksandr Mihaylovich. Tona utuafare e rave rahi taime i te wiki, mai i konei. Te tama o muri, Volodya, ko wai te mea 2 tau, aroha ki te takaro i runga i te wiwi, kei tata te whare. ki te okioki i konei aroha ahau ko Butlerov Aleksandr Mihaylovich. meka Interesting e pā ana ki a ia ngā weriweri puawai māra me te hanga o ngā kohinga o ngā ngārara.

Kei te pau Butlerov inaianei iti te wa i roto i te taiwhanga, Heoi, aru ia te āhuatanga o pūtaiao. I te kaupapa o Mendeleev, te kēmihi rongonui, i roto i te puna o 1868 i karangatia Alexander ki te mahi i St Petersburg University. Here ka anga ia ki te kauwhau, me te whakaritea tona taiwhanga matū. Kua hanga Scientists he tikanga hou o te whakaako. whakaarohia e ia mahi taiwhanga, inaianei whānui whāngai. Ngā ākonga i roto i te akomanga ako i te taputapu matū.

whiwhi isobutylene

tonu Butlerof rangahau i whakawhanakehia te ariā hanganga. Ua hinaaro ia ki te whakamatau e taea whai tika, me te branched mekameka waro momo katoa o ngā pūhui matū waro. kakau ana tēnei whakaaro i tona ariā. Heoi, ko reira tika ki te whakamatau i te reira i roto i te mahi. I te pae hopea, te mau tautooraa o te Alexander tutuki. riro ia he isobutylene roa-tatali. Ko te kupu, kua kï te aroaro o branched-mekameka pūwaro.

Whai wāhi i roto i te ora pāpori o St. Petersburg

Butlerov, i roto i te tua ki te rangahau i ngā mahi, e whai wāhi i roto i te ora pāpori o te whakapaipai Russian. hapori whakamua o te wa rawa mo e pā ana ki te take o te mātauranga o te wahine. I takoto te tikanga hoki ki te wahine whai wāhi ki te mātauranga teitei. Ki te mahi i tenei, whakapumautia wänanga hauora me te hāparapara i te University mo Women. I tua atu, i reira i whakaritea Bestuzhev akoranga o te wahine, i runga i nei hoatu Alexander ana kauwhau i runga i te matū.

Mema i roto i te Academy o Pūtaiao

I whakawhiwhia te mahi o tenei pūtaiao i te Academy o Sciences. pōtitia Butlerov i roto i 1871 academician faahiahia, a i muri i te 3 tau - me te noa. No te mea o tenei, ka ia he fare i roto i te whare puritia e te wänanga. Here i ora ia ko Zinin Nikolai Nikolaevich. Roa-e tu ana kaume'a ki a ia kua whakakaha atu te tatanga pātata.

Ko te tau whakamutunga o tona ora

Life me mahi o Aleksandra Butlerova noa tau tata kua pā ana ki te pūtaiao. Ko nga tau haere, ka ka taimaha rawa te piha ki te ākonga mō te Butlerova. faaoti te pūtaiao ki te waiho i te whare wānanga. tai'o e ia he kauhau poroporoaki 4 Paengawhāwhā 1880 tutaki tenei whakatau i ki oto hohonu. Kei te mohiotia te reira e ui te kaunihera pūtaiao noho a Alexander. I pōtitia ia mo tetahi 5 tau.

Butlerov ki te whakawhāiti i te mahi o te whare wānanga. lau ia anake te akoranga matua, me te wa torutoru te wiki pau i roto i te tuhaa pureraa taiwhanga. August 5, 1886 mate o occlusions iaia Butlerov Aleksandr Mihaylovich. Chapel Whakaahua i runga i te urupa aroaro Butlerova i runga.