Capital rite te take o te hanga me te panoni o hinonga kāwanatanga-fatuhia i roto i te u tūmataiti

ōhanga panoni - he huringa taketake i roto i te pūtahi ōhanga nui me te hanganga o te ōhanga hou. Ko te roanga o te wā tauwhirowhiro, rite ki te tikanga, tei runga i te roanga o te pehea hohoro te hanga whakapaipai tūmataiti rite te take o te hanga. Ko te matua , ko te u kautaha o te ōhanga mākete hou. I roto i te ōhanga kāinga, ko tonu te maro tonu ano te whare motuhake i te wā o tona hanganga, me te whanaketanga. e kore he Hanganga o te kamupene i roto i te wā whakawhiti tonu taea ki te tātari i te hi'oraa o te ariā neoclassical, rite tona anga huarahi, me te categorical he iti ki te tātari āta, ka whakamārama ari ohaoha i roto i nga akiaki. necessitates tenei te whakamahi huarahi pütahitanga e tango ki pūkete tauwehe tangata production, me pehea pakihi kaha, rite te take, e taea te pai mohio i roto i te puka o tona whakahaere rite u.

Ko te tukanga o te whakahou ōhanga arata'i ki te meka e te hoko i te kamupene te puka ōhanga, me te ture tino o te mahi pakihi. Heoi, kia tino iti te kaha o te hinonga Karauna. Na reira, i roto i te tikanga ki te urutau a ratou me te tono, whakapaipai tūmataiti rite te take o te hanga. raruraru mahi kāore necessitates te ako ariā o te mana o ngā āhuatanga pütahitanga i runga i te hanganga i te kamupene o roto i te ōhanga whakawhiti. I roto i te wā whakawhiti, te huringa o te hinonga kāwanatanga ki te kamupene, i hanga whakapaipai tūmataiti rite te take o te hanga me te whanaketanga. I roto i te akoranga o ripeneta koroheke nga pūtahi ōkawa ngaro - te rōpū, me te raupapatanga ōhanga, whakamahere centralized me te utu, "taonga motu". Te ōhanga hurihanga, te āhua i runga i te tauine nui "tautuhi anō" iho ki te mahia o mahi pakihi matua-kore ki reira.

Ko te ngaro o ngā kōrero tuku iho mākete, pūtahi me huarahi mō te pupuri hoki tipu ōhanga. I teie mahana, mōhio economists e kia he wahi pokapū i roto i ngā tukanga huringa pāpori me te ōhanga hou kia tohaina ki te hurihanga o te hanganga pütahitanga, me te pēhea te hohoro a āta i hanga tika tūmataiti. Ka rite ki te take o te hanga, whai reira he arataki i roto i te te hanga o te ōhanga hou. Ko te tukanga o te hanga pūtahi ranei ara orurehau kunenga kia puta. Ko tā kōwhiringa whanaketanga te putanga o ngā pūtahi ōkawa hou i roto i te tukanga panoni kua vai. I roto i te rua i te whakatinanatanga pā ki te kawemai o ngā pūtahi e kua kï ratou pānga whai hua i runga i te mahi o hinonga ohaoha.

Heoi, ko te tukanga o te hanga i te taiao pütahitanga i roto i te ōhanga hurihanga puta matua i roto i "pūtahi kawemai" whakawhanakehia, ka tamatahia angitu, he ōhanga mākete. Mohiotia aronga kawemai pūtahi: e hāngai ana i runga i te tauira ariā, i runga i ngā tauira o ngā paerewa vai mua i roto i te aamu o te whenua, e whai ake nei i te tauira o ngā i roto i ētahi atu whenua.

pūtahi Kawemai o whakawhanakehia whenua umanga kua rua taha pai, me te kino. Kino pūtahi taipana kawemai ko to ratou tino pai-kore mō te taiao pütahitanga hoatu. Institutions, e manakohia ana i roto i te tahi mau whenua, kia riro rawa kāore me rōnaki mō te tahi atu mau fenua, a ngā mo nga ōhanga, engari anga e ki te huri i te hanganga pütahitanga, i te mea tonu he pūnaha o poapoa e arotahi ana ki te pūnaha whakahaere tawhito, me te moni o te hinonga ohaoha i roto i to ratou mahi tonu ngoikore iti hoki te hanganga o te hanganga pütahitanga hou ranei.

I roto i te poto, he pānga whakahē te kawemai o ngā pūtahi. I runga i te ringa kotahi, whakatairanga reira he taiao pütahitanga ripeneta u atu tere. I te tahi atu te ringa, te pūtahi whakawhiti ai te hua i roto i te tapepe me te whawhai i roto i te kamupene whanaketanga pāpori-ōhanga.