Circuits Integrated: Types me ngā whakamārama

Hei te mahi a muri ake nei iti iho ranei matatini hikohiko, te reira noa e te rota o kōrero. A, no te he rota o ratou, e ratou e taea e "whakakotahi", mea, i roto i iahiko integrated. He aha e he ratou? Kia pehea te Whakaröpütia? Kia pehea te e hanga e ratou, a nei tohu e tuku?

He aha e arorau integrated iahiko (ICS)

I roto i te meka, he pūrere microelectronic hāngai e te i runga i te karaihe o te whīwhiwhi te noho, i hanga nei i runga i te kiriata Semiconductor pereti ranei. Kei te whakanohoia te reira i roto i te tinana whakarewa (ahakoa e taea te mahi i te reira, kahore reira, engari anake i te mea e wahi o te moroiti). arai i te ara iahiko integrated tuatahi i roto i 1968. Ko he pakaruhanga i te ahumahi, ahakoa whakaratohia e te pūrere, me te kore rawa nui i roto i te rārangi ki ngā ariā hou o ona tawhā. E hangaia iahiko integrated mo te wahi tino mo te ekeeke mata. E mea pinepine i raro i te EC matau tetahi anake karaihe he kiriata ranei. Ko te ngātahi iahiko tino whānui i runga i te angiangi silicon. tahuri te reira i roto i taua he maha ngā painga, pēnei i te kakama o te tohu tuku tona tono i roto i te ahumahi.

taumata hoahoa

He matatini ēnei whakaaro, kei te tino whakaaturia reira. Na kei te whakamahi ratou pūmanawa CAD motuhake e automates me tino tere ake ngā tukanga production. Na, mahi te hoahoa i roto i:

1. taumata Logic (inverters, NAND, NOR, me te rite).
2. Systemically me iahiko (mahi pāngia e, encoders, ALU, comparators, etc);.
3. Electric (pūnga iahiko, transistors, parenga me ngā pūrere rite).
4. Ko te taumata topological - mo te hanga o photomasks.
5. Tinana - whakatinana rite te transistor kotahi (ranei te rōpū iti) i runga i te maramara.
6. Ko te hōtaka - whakapumautia tohutohu mō microcontrollers, microprocessors me FPGAs. whakawhanakehia tauira whanonga e te ara iahiko poutū.

whakarōpū

Te kōrero e pā ana ki te pehea, ki te wehewehe i waenganui i iahiko integrated, e kore e taea ki te whiriwhiri i tetahi anake momo o tawhā whīwhiwhi o te hangarau, kua whakahaere nei i te reira. Na reira, i roto i te tuhinga reira kua tīpakohia mō te toru.

tohu o te tuitui

Na konei te whakaaro reira ki hei te tau taketake o ngā āhuatanga i roto i te karaihe:

1. Pāpaku taiawhio integrated. Oku i ai e iti iho i te kotahi rau āhuatanga.
2. Ko te ara iahiko integrated toharite. Ko te maha o ngā huānga rerekē rau / mano ngā.
3. LSI. Kei reira mano o runga ki te 10,000 ngā tūemi.
4. Tauine Tino nui Integrated Circuit. E ratou neke atu i tekau mano ngā mema.

Tikanga, Kei te maha whakamahia he ara iahiko nui integrated mō taputapu te kāinga. whakamahia i mua atu kāwai:

1. taiawhio Ultra-nui integrated. I roto i te whakauru i te reira aua tauira i taea e whakamanamana i te maha o ngā āhuatanga i roto i te whānuitanga o te 1 Mill. 1 ki Bln.
2. ngātahi Gigabolshaya ara iahiko. Ēnei ngā tauira, te maha o ngā huānga o e nui 1 Bln. Elements.

Ko i tenei wa e kore ratou e tono. Na inaianei katoa o nga tauira i i pēnei i mua ki Ubisa me GBIS tika rite te VLSI. I roto i te whānui, he reira taea ki te tino whakaora i runga i te maha o ngā rōpū, mai e te nuinga o nga momo e rua whakamutunga whakamahia ngā i roto i ngā pokapū rangahau nui, e whakahaere pūnaha rorohiko, whanganga mana i roto i tekau me rau o terapaita.

hangarau ahumahi

I roto i te tirohanga o te ngā kaha production Whakaröpütia hoki integrated iahiko rite ki te āhua o e hanga e ratou, a he aha:

1. Semiconductor. I roto i enei āhuatanga katoa me ngā hononga e hanga i runga i tetahi, me te kongakonga Semiconductor taua. Semiconductor integrated iahiko whakamahia e taua rauemi rite silicon, germanium, gallium arsenide, me hafnium waikura.

2. Film. E hanga wāhanga me ngā hononga katoa rite te kiriata:

- matotoru-kiriata.

- angiangi-kiriata.

3. ranu. He p unpackaged, transistors me ētahi atu wāhanga hiko e kaha. Hāngū (pērā i parenga, inductors, pūnga iahiko) e whakaritea i runga i te tïpako uku noa. Katoa o ratou e whakanohoia i roto i te whare hiri.

4. Mixed. He kore noa te maramara Semiconductor, engari kikokore-kiriata (ranei matotoru-kiriata) āhuatanga hāngū, e kua whakanohoia ki runga ki tona mata.

Tirohia o te tohu tukatuka

Na te tuatoru, e hāngai ana te tirohanga whakamutunga kei i runga i te aha te huru o tohu e tukatuka e te ara iahiko integrated. Ko ratou:

1. Tairitenga. Here, rerekē te tohu kōkuhu me te whakaputa rite ki te ture o te mahi tonu. Ka taea e te tango ratou i te uara i roto i te whānui i tōraro ki te ngaohiko supply pai.
2. Mamati. Here, Ka taea e tetahi tāuru putanga ranei tohu i rua tikanga: he arorau kotahi kore ranei. Ka hāngai ia o ratou ki te taumata ngaohiko tautuhia kē. Ko te kupu, ko te momo o maramara TTL 0-0,4V ngā tata ki te kore me 2,4-5V ia wae. He kia kia atu wehenga, tei reira ki runga ki te tauira ngā.
3. Tairitenga-ki-mamati. fakatahai te reira i te painga me ngā āhuatanga o te tauira o mua. Hei tauira, kia waiho ratou amplifiers tohu me pūtahuri tairitenga-ki-mamati.

āhuatanga ture

He aha mea te e pā ana ki te iahiko integrated i roto i te ture? I roto i to tatou whenua, i homai te tiaki ture o topographies o iahiko integrated. I raro i tikanga whakaritea reira i te tetahi rauemi kawe āhuahanga whakaritenga mokowā o te huinga etahi o huānga motuhake me te whanaungatanga i waenganui i a ratou (i roto i te runga ki Tuhinga 1448 o te Code Civil). He te mana whakairo hinengaro ki tona whakaaro te kaituhi o te āhuawhatunga:

1. Copyright.
2. tika Tāuke.

I tua atu, i te kaituhi, me te tahi atu manakohanga kia no ki te āhuawhatunga, tae atu - te taea o te whiwhi utu mo tona whakamahi. Ko te tika motuhake he tika hoki kotahi tekau nga tau. I roto i tenei wa, te ma'imi, te tangata ki nei i whäki te mana ranei, kia rēhita āhuawhatunga i roto i te mahi whakairo hinengaro e hāngai ana, me Mua.

mutunga

Ko te reira! Ki te whai koe i te hiahia ki te kohikohi i tona kaupapa - e taea anake hiahia angitu. Otiia i te wa ano e hiahia ana ahau ki te utu i tō whakarongo ki te āhuatanga kotahi. Ki te hiahia koe ki te kohikohi i te maramara, he mea e tika ana ki te tino faaineine no tenei tukanga. Ko te meka e e te reira i te taumata te viivii makehe mo hāparapara whakahaere tona hanganga, i roto i te tua, no te mea o te tuhono o te taipitopito ki te mahi i te rino whakapiringa rite mua e kore e mahi - kua whakamana mahi katoa e te mihini. Na reira, e taea te hanga te ara iahiko anake i te kāinga. Ki te hiahiatia, ka taea e koe te hoko te whanaketanga ahumahi, ka e kia whakaekea ki runga ki te mākete, ko te whakaaro me to ratou mau fare hangaia kahore pūtea tino he pai ki te waiho.