Creativity me te haurongo o Shillera Fridriha

He aronui mohio o te tuhinga ao ko Friedrich Schiller. Haurongo me mahi te whakakite i tona tuakiri he tutu, he tangata e kore e whakaaro iho i roto i te tau o te taonga feudal-tia ore ao. maongo tona feat ora noa o te whānau kingi, e whakaahua tatou i raro. Ko te ora o te rohi pehe, me te kaituhi ano rite te whakaari tapere, te wahi e aro taranata ki te whakahāweatanga, te rawakore me te te whakauru.

Kua whiriwhiria Pakeha te waiata o te Pākehā Union ona "Ode ki Joy." Whakatakotoria he ki waiata Lyudvigom Van Beethoven, ka whakatangi te reira nui, hanahana.

Ko te poto o tenei tangata puta pehe matamaha, kaitito, theorist toi, he toa mō ngā tika tangata.

whanau an

A, no te whanau Shiller Fridrih i roto i Tiamana, ko reira ano serfdom wā.

Ko te kaupapa o te rangatira feudal kore i taea te haere ki raro, ki tua atu i te taonga o tona suzerain. A ki te tupu taua, ka hoki mai nga rerenga i te kaha. taea Citizen kaua huri tona tikanga ki te mea i "titi" ia feudal ranei marenatia ki waho, ki te whakaaetanga o tona ariki. I roto i tenei mana ā-ture nightmarish, rite he whare herehere rino, noho Friedrich Schiller.

kua meinga e ia te aronui, kaua, e kore i te hapori Tiamana nāianei, engari i roto i te te noa'tu o. Frederick, whakarite e korero ana, te whakahaere ki te tomo i te whare tapu o te toi i roto i te tatau katia ki a ia e te kāwanatanga ki te toenga o te Middle.

Anake i roto i te tau 1807 (i mate Schiller i 1805), Whakakahoretia Prussia serfdom.

ngā mātua

haamata Schiller haurongo i roto i te Duchy o Württemberg (Marbach ahau Neckar), te wahi i whanau ai ia ki runga ki 11.10.1759, i roto i te hapu o tetahi rangatira, te kaiāwhina hoia hauora Ioganna Kaspara Schiller. ko Mama pehe heke mai i te whānau o te taka rongoā me innkeepers. ko tona ingoa Erihapeti Dorothea Kodvays. I roto i te whare o tona matua 'ko te huru o pokekore, tau, me te mohio rawakore.

i ahua nui te papa me te whaea o Johann Kristofa Fridriha von Schiller (ko te ingoa tonu o te Talafungani tenei), me te i roto i te wairua ano i tamariki. Pope o te rohi pehe, te Māori o te whānau waina-hanga kaiahuwhenua, i waimarie ki te tiki i te mātauranga hauora. riro ia te rangatira ki tona ariki, he mahara, engari e kore e free. ke e ia tona wahi o noho, tari, e whai ake nei i te hinaaro o tona ariki.

hanganga

I rima nga tau te tamaiti, oho te hapu ki te pa o te mataeinaa taua Lorch. ka Matua reira kōaro tūranga taritari kaiwhakahaere. E toru nga tau o tuatahi mātauranga hahi-toi Friedrich Lorch whai wāhi minita, he tangata pai, ko wai i kaha ki te anaanatae i te tamaiti i roto i te reo Roma, Tiamana, me te Hei whakarāpopoto mō.

A, no te oho te whitu-Schiller ki tona whānau ki Ludwigsburg, i taea ki te ako i roto i te kura Latin ia. I 23, mātauranga te tangata taitama i te haamauraa (te tika ki te whakatata te oro'a). I te tuatahi hiahia ia ki te hei i te tohunga, e whai ake nei i te charism o ratou kaitiaki.

fakaaoao feudal

kua meinga Haurongo o Schiller i tona tamarikitanga te raupapa o te mamae no te mea o te kore e ko o Wurttemberg. whakahau ia tona serf ki ako ture i te wänanga hōia o te umanga ä-ture. kihai i taea e Schiller ora ora o tētahi atu, waiho e ia nga haapiiraa. E toru nga tau i muri mai, ko te tangata taitama nga whakamutunga i runga i te rārangi i roto i te rōpū hoa o 18 iwi.

I roto i te 1776 honoa e ia te manga o te rongoā, ka ia hiahia i roto i te haapiiraa konei. Otiia i roto i te rongoa whakaako ngā ana kaupapa iti - kaupapa, tuhinga. I roto i te 1777, he moheni mārō "German Chronicle" whakaputaina te mahi tuatahi o te ode taitama o te Schiller "ikuna", tuhituhia i roto i te peehia o te rohi pehe e arohaina Friedrich Klopstock.

Haurongo o Schiller, e whai ake ana i te runga ake, e kore "e rahurahu" kōrero. Te tangata, e kore e haapa'oi te mau titauraa ki te riro i te rōia, ka mau ia he ähuareka ai ki te Duke-nanakia. Ko tona e pai paetahi-tau 29-tau o te Academy tetahi anake tūranga o te tākuta hoia, kahore paetukutuku o te rangatira. au ra fakaaoao e i taea ki te kounu i te ora o te tangata taitama tawainga ia, engari Friedrich Schiller i ite kē te mana tona taranata o.

e ai ta taranata ano

tuhituhi kaitito-tau 32-tau te whakaari "te kaipahua". e kore e kore te kaiwhakaputa i roto i Stuttgart whakahaere ki te whakaputa i te taua mahi nui o te pononga, wehi pakanga ki te katoa-kaha Duke o Württemberg. Whakaatu manawanui, e whakaatu ana ano ki te iwi whānui, te whakaputa i te reira iho Friedrich Schiller. Tona haurongo rite te kaitito haamata ki tenei mahi.

tangata te Rau-, e whakaputaina te whakaari "te kaipahua" i tona whare i utua e, ko te toa. Na ka tono tangata Tuhinga ia he mea homai noa. hoatu toa hoko hoa ia i roto i te pa ki te tohunga o te toi e Baron von Dalberg, te whakahaere Mayngemskim whare tapere. Drama i muri whakahōunga iti ka te miramira o te wa whakaari muri i roto i Prussia!

hipokina ana te kaituhi te itoito, te kakai ia i roto i te taranata. I roto i te wā kotahi, whakaputaina Schiller tona kohinga tuatahi o ngā rotarota, "Anthology o 1782". Te āhua nei e ia taea tetahi teitei! whakataetae ia mo te taitara i roto i te kura tųpuna, Swabian ki tukua i mua Gothaldom Shteydlinom tona "Collection o te waiata." Hei hoatu i te whakapakoko o te tutukitanga ki tona kohinga, te rohipehe tohu te wahi o te tānga, Roho.

Te whakatoi me te mawhiti

tohua Schiller haurongo i roto i tenei wā e te whati o banal County Palatinate. Tenei nekehanga meá faaoti ia ki 22.09.1782, tahi ki tona hoa Streicher, piana me te kaitito. Duke o Württemberg i u i roto i tohe ki te taui i te aronui ake nei i roto i te pōti taonga.

whakanohoia Schiller i rua wiki i roto i te kaipuke mo ka mahue te hoia mo te toro i te hanga tapere o "Te kaipahua". I te wa ano i riria mai ia ki te tuhituhi.

E hoa, e kore kahore take ki te wehi mahi tinihanga i te Ātitiuka te. ke Schiller te ingoa ki Schmidt. Heoi e kore ratou noho i roto i te pa o Mannheim, a i roto i te wharekai "iari o Hunter" kainga tapa Oggersgeym.

tumanako Schiller ki te hanga i tētahi tākaro tuhituhia hou "He he te whakatakotoria o Fiesco i Genoa." Heoi, ka puta te pouri te utu. Te riroraa i roto i te rawakore, i takoha ia ki te ui i te tauturu i Henriette von Valtsogen. Ia aroha tukua te kaitito ki te ora i roto i tona wahi wātea.

E noho i raro i te ingoa riro

Mai i 1782 ki te 1783 huna i te whenua i raro i te benefactress ingoa hanga noa Dr. Ritter Friedrich Schiller. Tona haurongo i roto i tenei wā - he whakaahuatanga o te ora o te peinga, whiriwhiria tūponotanga, ki e taea ki te whakawhanake i rātou taranata. haapii e ia hītori me tuhituhi te tākaro "Luisa Miller" me "He he te whakatakotoria o Fiesco i Genoa." Hei whakahonore i tona hoa, Andreya Shtreyhera, e faaitehia te mau tautooraa rahi ki Mannheim whare tapere kaiwhakahaere, Baron von Dalberg, ka whakatata ia whakarongo ki te mahi o etahi atu. ta Schiller te pukapuka ki te Baron o ana whakaari hou, a ka whakaae ia ki te whakaora ia ratou i te kāinga!

I roto i tenei wā (1983) i tae mai te whenua kei te Henriette von Valtsogen ki tana tamahine taitamariki Charlotte. hinga Schiller i te aroha ki te kotiro, a ka ui tona whaea mō te whakaaetanga ki te marena ia, engari kei te pai hoki o to ratou rawakore. oho ia ki Mannheim ki te faaineine ratou mahi ki te waihanga.

Te rapu haere noa. Whiwhi tūranga ōkawa

Ki te tākaro koe "He he te whakatakotoria o Fiesco i Genoa" i runga i te atamira o te whare matakitaki o Mannheim rere rite te tauākī noa, te "Luisa Miller" (whakaingoatia "hinana ko Love") hopoi mai te hit nui. I roto i te 1784 e tomo Schiller ki te hapori German rohe ki te whiwhi i te tika ki te whakamana i to ratou mana, hoko kaupapa Palatinate, a te mutunga te utu i te raina i raro i te whakatoi o te Ātitiuka.

Tona he i ana whakaaro ake i runga i te whanaketanga o te whare tapere German, i whakaaro te rite te kaitito rongonui. ta ia tona mahi "Theatre - he whare morare," meinga kua he matarohia.

I maoro haamata Schiller he take poto ki te wahine whai hoa Charlotte von Kalb. Writer, i tahuri ki te mysticism, arahina te āhua o Bohemia i. Young rohi pehe kite i tenei wahine rite tona taonga i muri i roto i te raupapa o ikuna o te wahine.

whakaurua ia Schiller i Darmstadt ki te Archduke Karl August. Kaitito lau ia te mahi tuatahi o te whakaari "Don Carlos." Miharo a whakaahuareka taranata o te kaituhi, homai rangatira te pou o kaitohutohu ki te kaituhi. hoatu tenei te kaitito he mana pāpori, e kore ake. Heoi, e kore tenei i taui i tona ora.

I maoro totohe ana Schiller me wawahi te kirimana ki te kaiwhakahaere o te whare tapere Mannheim. whakaaro te kaituhi ana ngā hit ti'aturi i runga i tana i pai ai, me te moni e ngana ana ki te hoatu te pēhanga ki runga ki Schiller.

Leipzig e pehe pau

te ora kāhuirangi taua katoa noho Friedrich Schiller. e kore ko tona koioranga te wā tuatahi faaineine i te patu i roto i tona ora whaiaro. whakakahore marenatia ia Nā ki te rawakore Margarita Shvan, te tamahine o te toa hoko marae. Heoi, hohoro te huri tona ora mo te pai. I roto i Leipzig, mauruuru matou tona mahi.

Kua roa kua wawe karangatia kaitito ki te pā o tona mahi, whakaritea i roto i te hapori i kingi e Gottfried Kerner. Tangohia ki te tino (ia tonu e kore i utua tana nama o 200 Netaleni, tangohia hoki te whakaputanga o "Te kaipahua"), karanga te kaituhi ki ona pā ki te tono mō te āwhina pūtea. Ki tona ahuareka, hohoro riro ia i te pire i Leipzig i roto i te nui rawaka ki te utu i ngā nama, ka neke ki te wahi e mauruuru ai. Friendship Gottfried Kerner Talafungani herea toenga o tona ora ki.

mai 17.04.1785 Mr. Schiller ki te pa pōwhiri.

I tenei wa he aronui mo te toru o nga wa taka, engari ano ki te kahore he pai: kahore ia Margarita Shvan. I te haere atu i roto i te pouri pango aronui hua hua o tona atawhai, Gottfried Körner. discourages ia hoa whaiāipo i whakamomori ki te tīmata fakaafe'i ki te marena o Frederick Minna tokotoko.

auhoaraa mahana me te morehu o te raruraru i te pae varua nui, mo te marena o tona hoa i tuhituhi te ode ngingila "Ki Joy" e F. Schiller.

Haurongo o te kaituhi nei noho i te aniraa o te taua pātata ki Kerner i kainga Dresden Loschwitz, tohua e te mahi fakaofo :. "Philosophical Letters", whakaari "te Misanthrope", rite whakatikatikaina e te whakaari "Don Carlos" Na roto i te momonatanga auaha o tenei wā rite Boldin Autumn Pushkin.

mohiotia Schiller te. Ka whakakore kaitito whakahere i Hamburg ki tū te whare tapere ana whakaari. haamana'oraa hou rawa o te mau fifi i roto i te mahi, me te whati ki te whare tapere Mannheim.

Weimar wā: te wehenga atu i te toi. kohi

Ko ia tae 08/21/1787 i Weimar i te aniraa o te punake Christoph Wieland. Kei te haere tahi ia i te rangatira, he hoa tawhito, Charlotte von Kalb. He whakaaro ki te hapori nui, kei te whakamōhio reira Schiller ki ārahi kaituhi Tiamana Johann Herder ko Martin Wieland.

timata te pehe ki te whakaputa i te moheni "Thalia", tā i roto i te "German Mercury". Tenei te mawehe ia tata te tekau tau o te mahi, ki te whakaako ia tatou iho i roto i te aamu. Tona tohungatanga e tino wāriutia ana, a i roto i 1788 ka e ia he ahorangi i te University o Jena.

kauhau ia i runga i te hītori ao, me te whiti, whakawhiti i te "Aeneid" e Virgil. riro Schiller he utu o 200 thalers te tau. Ko te moni tika iti tenei, engari taea te reira ki a ia te whakamahere mo te heke mai.

Na reira whakatau ki te whakarite i to ratou oraraa, me marena Charlotte von lengefeld. Otiia i muri i nga tau e wha o te ora hopoi mai whakamātautau hou: e korero ana i roto i ngā akomanga matao me te huaketo e tona ākonga, kino ki te mate kohi Friedrich Schiller. meka Interesting i roto i tona koioranga whakaatu Charisma, tapatahi o te tangata. Mate whakawhiti tona mahi whakaako, haru ai ki te moenga, engari o te wahi ata o te itoito tangata toa i te whakarau.

He wāhanga hou o te whakarau

Ka rite ki te mea i te poipoi o te mana teitei, i roto i te haora o tana hoa ki te āwhina i. Here a inaianei, ina kua arahina te mate ki te eita o mahi a Schiller, te kaituhi Danish Jens Holstein Baggens tohe ana Prince me Count Schimmelmann tautapa Talafungani mo te maimoatanga o te moni o te mano thalers.

Rino ka me āwhina pūtea whakaarahia moenga manawanui i runga i ona waewae. Ia e kore e taea e whakaako, me tona hoa, te kaiwhakaputa Iogann Kotta hoatu te whai wāhi ki te whiwhi. I maoro neke Schiller ki te atamira hou o te auahatanga. Ia ho'i haamata ki te hui fakamamahi: ka karanga te rohi pehe he papa tata te mate, ko wai i taua wa noho i Ludwigsburg.

I tūmanakohia tenei hui: mua papa mo te wa roa, me te ko tino mate. ohipa matarohia engari filial - ki te mea poroporoaki ki tona papa, a ka ngā te whai wāhi ki te awhi whakamarie ia e toru tuahine me tona whaea, kahore nei i kitea e waru nga tau i ia me!

Pea e te aha ia haere e kore ia, a ki tana wahine, e noho i roto i te āhua.

Te faaearaa i roto i to ratou whenua iti, riro te pehe i te faaitoitoraa i te pae varua kaha - ki te whakawhanake i te auahatanga.

I muri i te marama, me te hawhe i muri i te hunaraa o tona papa, kua titiro mai e ia tona mater alma, te wänanga hōia. I maite maere ia e te meka i ko ia he whakapakoko mo ngā ākonga. oha ratou ia anaanatae: i roto i te mua o ratou ko te kōrero - Shiller Fridrih, rohi pehe tau 1 i roto i Prussia. Whakakorikoria aronui i muri i tenei haerenga i tuhituhi tona mahi rongonui "Letters i runga i te Rerehua Mātauranga o te tangata."

I roto i Ludwigsburg whanau o tona matamua-whanau. Ia te mutunga hari. Ko ki te whitu anake tau i mahue ki a ia e ora ...

hoki te pehe ki te pa o Jena, i roto i te āhua o te faaururaa auaha. whiti Ko tōna taranata faceted ki kaha whakahoutia! Schiller, i muri i te tekau tau o roto i-hohonu ako o te hītori, ariā o tuhinga, rerehua, hoki ano ki te rotarota.

whakahaere ia ki te kukume i nga kaitito pai katoa o Prussia ki whai wāhi i roto i te "Ora" makasini. I roto i te 1795, i tona pene i roto i nga mahi taumauri o te rotarota, "Ko te Dance", "Poetry o te ora", "Hope", "Ko te Genius", "Ko te wehenga o te whenua."

Mahi tahi ki Goethe

I roto i te Schiller karangatia i roto i "Ora" Journal o kaitito, a ko Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. ka haere mai ratou wairua auaha ki te whakautu, kua whakaongaongatia nei te hanganga o maha peara faufaa o te tahei o tuhinga German puāwaitanga o te rau tau XVIII.

he whakakitenga noa o nga uara civilizational o te French Revolution, te ara o te whanaketanga o te tuhinga German, he ö o toi tawhito a ratou. Goethe ko Schiller whakahē te tikanga o te tuhinga nāianei, fakalotu, tōrangapū, rerehua me ngā pātai taumauri. I roto i to ratou pukapuka whakatangi ngākau morare, me te tivira. E rua pehe ngingila, whiriwhiria hoki ia he kaupapa tuhituhi, whakataetae i roto i tona whanaketanga:

• mai Hakihea 1795 - i roto i te tuhi epigrams;
• i roto i te 1797 - i roto i patere tuhituhi.

reta Friendly o Goethe me Schiller ko te tauira faahiahia o te toi epistolary.

Ko te wāhanga whakamutunga o te mahi. Weimar

I te 1799 ka hoki ia ki a Weimar Friedrich Schiller. Mahi i tuhituhia e ia ko Goethe ko te whanaketanga o te whare tapere Tiamana. riro ratou i te pūtake mō te hanga whakaari whare tapere pai i roto i Germany - Weimar.

Heoi, i te ope Schiller maroke ake. I roto i te 1800, oti tuhituhi e ia tona waiata wani - ati "Maria Stuart", mahi hohonu, te angitu he me te hāngai whānui i roto i te hapori.

I roto i 1802, te Hiha o Prussia tahi o pehe hanahana. Heoi, ho'i ähua Schiller ki tenei. Ana tau pai taitamariki, me te pakari i ki tonu o faingata'á, a inaianei hou ongo'i rangatira nui e whakahemohemo ia. naku hiahia ia ki te paopao maumau hoki ia i te taitara, engari whakaae ia i te reira, te feruri noa o ratou tamariki.

Ko maha mate ia, e mate ana i te kakā ma'i. Ki tenei puipuitua, puai te reira kohi, kawea ana ia ki te mate mea mate i te tiketike o te taranata, me i te tau o 45 tau.

mutunga

No faarahiraa ki te mea e aroha te Tiamana kaitito o nga wa katoa i a ka Iogann Gete me Friedrich Schiller. Photos pou tonu whakaatu o hoa e rua e noho ana i roto i Weimar, waia ki nga German. Ratou whai tino taonga ki te tuhinga: kawea ana Talafungani ki te ara o te humanism hou, whakarāpopoto i te whakaaro o te Māmá, Romanticism ko Classicism.