Dmitrov Porcelain Factory: hītori, iho, ao hurihuri

I roto i whakaurua te ora rā o porcelain Russian i ringa Tianara o Pita I. I raro i tona tikanga, i kawemai nga rihi i Europe, i taua wātea pai iwi anake rawa. A iti i muri mai, huinga porcelain i te aroaro rite te mea homai noa faufaa. I muri i haina, ko te tino nuinga o rama Pākehā (Sevres, Meysensy) mo ratou hoko pau i moni nui o te moni, ko e rawa ore. I roto i te 1744 whakahau Empress Elizabeth ki te hanga i te "Porcelain Manufactory" e tata ana St. Petersburg, rite te wā o te porcelain Russian. hanga Dmitrov Porcelain Factory hītori rite te wheketere tūmataiti tuatahi.

Franz Gardner me kawemai whakauru

Hoki te wa roa i te hanga porcelain anake i roto i te mana kāwanatanga, engari i reira he tonu he rangatira tūmataiti e hiahia ana ki te whakataetae, ki te kahore e, ka meinga e koe te kamupene hinonga kingi. I roto i 1766 te pakeha Frants Yakovlevich Gardner, i runga i te pūtake o te wheketere Urusova tīariari whakatuwheratia ona ake te tipu. Ko te mahi tino nui mo te kaipakihi ko te hiahia ki te whakataetae ki nga tauira Pākehā o te porcelain, a pei ia ratou i te kainga hokohoko, whakakapi i te hua kounga motu. A paraparau i roto i te kōrero hou, faaoti ia ki "importozamestit" taonga Pākehā, ka ko angitu te nganatanga.

Hoki te whakahaere o te mahi i roto i te rauemi raw wahi tuatahi e hiahiatia ana, ko Gardner, huri haere ia tata te whenua katoa, i kitea he moni tāpui paru i roto i Chernihiv (Little Russia). Ki te mahi i promashek me kore reinvent te wira, ka whakatata ia ki te tohunga mea - Franz Gattenberga (University o Geneva ahorangi). A haere ana te reira na pai e i 1777 ki te 1783 i te wheketere i tukua e wha mētara mo te mahi o Empress Catherine II, a, i te aroaro ki a ia. Ko te wheako ko he angitu, te rangatira o te wheketere tae mai te whakarongo teitei i roto i te whare o te kingi, i muri nei i tika ki te hoatu i te hiri ki te whakapakoko o te koti o ringa o Moscow, i i rite ki te tohu kounga ia.

kaipakihi momoho

Franz Gardner, me nga taonga wahi, kua whakarewahia production papatipu o te porcelain hokona. i unu nga kaimahi tuatahi i te tohunga Pākehā me te hangarau, te tau rongonui Meissen. e kore te mea nui rerekē i te Pākehā i roto i te kounga me te mahi toi porcelain Russian, engari nui atu utu ko te utu.

Russia tino wāriutia ana ngā hua wheketere, me te hari ki te hoko i te hunga katoa e kore e taea e tona ringa ki te whai kaihanga Pākehā. I roto i te 1771, mahi e pā ana ki te whitu tekau kaimahi i roto i te whakangao, kua rererua ratou maha i roto i te 10 tau i. i nohoia mahi katoa e tohunga Russian, whakahaere he toi anake me kua mawheto i ki waho.

i taea e ki te kitea tona kāhua ake i roto i te hanga o te porcelain, te maha o ngā tauira o castings i roto i nga rau Franz Gardner. I tua atu ki te rihi konei i ringihia, ka pania whakairo porcelain Salon ahurei, nga kaituhi o i i pai-mohiotia toi.

I roto i te Kuznetsovsk hapori

I muri i te matenga o te kaiwhakarewa, whakaaro Dmitrov porcelain wheketere i te pai o wheketere Russian tūmataiti katoa. I tangohia te take i runga i ki te kainga: he wa poto i mua i tona mate, rave te kamupene i roto i te tama mātāmua a te kaiwhakarewa, a ka tana wahine. I roto i ona ringa, kua ngaro te wheketere tata o ona tūranga katoa, engari i muri i tangohia e te take ona tamariki, i ora ake te hanga. I taukei te reira i te hangarau ahumahi oneone. I roto i te 1829, kua riro production koura te Whakaaturanga Industrial Tuatahi. I te tau 1855 riro ia te tika ki te hanga hua ki te hoatu i runga i te taupae tūmatanui o te ekara rua-upoko.

I roto i te katoa riro tetahi o nga kaituku ki te marae emepaea o te rau tau 19 Dmitrov Porcelain Factory haapapu te kounga o ngā hua i whakaaturanga hokohoko, mai 1856. I te mutunga o te rau tau i hokona nga kainga i te kamupene Matvey Kuznetsov. whiwhi ia whakaurunga production kore anake, engari ano hoki i te kohinga nui o katoa āhua, tauira me ngā tānga garderovskih matarohia.

wā Kuznetsovsky

Dmitrov Porcelain Factory (Verbilki) ka magnate Kuznetsova ki te torutoru ahua mangu kororia, engari ki te rerekē haere mārō. Na roto i te wa o te rironga o te wheketere hua taonga 208 mano moni he tau, me te maha o ngā kaimahi neke atu i te 700 wairua. whakamahia Kuznetsov tona taonga riro katoa me te rau tau, me te hawhe o te aamu, mo te whakaoranga ki tonu o tona kororia.

Kua whänui te mea kua te turanga kiritaki kua tino tiaki, whakawhetai ki te whakatau whakaaro nui ki te whakamahi i te waitohu o Dmitrov tipu i runga i ngā hua katoa. E kore te rangatira hou i hiahia ki te whakahou ai i te whānuitanga o ngā hua kihai i e pono. Tau o ngā tūemi o taonga waru tekau neke atu i te 4 miriona waeine o te rihi rongonui me itiiti nei. Oro'a mahana i te tipu tohu te tuku o ngā kohinga motuhake. Na ka hiri reira 100raa o te pakanga o Borodino, te huritau 300th o te kingitanga o nga Romanovs.

porcelain Soviet

I muri i Kōawa, ka mana mohiotia hanga rite te Dmitrov Porcelain Factory. I roto i te wā pou-orurehau peka tino putanga, me i hua nei te, i te haehaa whakapaipai ki decals (decal) ranei tuhinga whakatö kanohi.

Nuinga o rongonui, i te tau 1930, kua riro mai e ahau i te ratonga Dmitrov Porcelain "hake Horse" o te tipu, me te tahi atu mahi i te toi pūmanawa SM Orlov paraihe I roto i te nui Patriotic tuku porcelain War heke tino, engari tohua te wā i te taha o nga mahi kanapa. mahi "Battle mō te motherland" (e A. Chechulina) tukua he huinga o ngā whakaahua ki te tianara nui "Suvorov", "Alexander Nevsky", "Kutuzov", E whakatakotoria ana ki te whakapakoko o te tohu kaiārahi hōia Soviet (auth. Demorrey T.) i hanga.

production hou

I roto i te 1991 ka Dimitrov porcelain wheketere he kamupene tahi kararehe, te ingoa mōhiohio: CJSC "Porcelain Verbilok". Mai 1995, te āpiti whakahaere ki 'hauhake Verbilok ". Te whakahaere whare hou, me te kaimahi, he whakaoranga pukumahi o ngā tikanga whakatakotoria iho e nga kaiwhakatū o te tipu.

I roto i te 1996, riro te kamupene taonga i ngā whakaaturanga ao i roto i Birmingham, me te i roto i Mexico. Mai 2007, kaiwhakawhiwhi te whakato ona hua ki te Kremlin hei wāhanga o mema i roto i te Guild o mihinare anö. Kei te karanga a te kamupene i teie nei "Gardner Manufactory", engari mo te tokomaha atu maheni ki te ingoa tawhito o Dmitrov porcelain wheketere. hua Products raina collectible rave rahi.

Collection "Frants Gardner" faaora te tuku iho ngā puka tau 19-20 porcelain. e Ruānuku Company rite nga inscriptions i runga i ngā tūemi homai (tea takirua, huinga, itiiti). e wātea ana i roto i te rihi te utuafare i runga i toi tuhituhi ngā tihi utuafare, monogram tauira tīpakohia ranei ano hoki. Ko te kamupene hua huinga mo te rerekē take, tea me te kawhe takirua, mo hua, te ipu, huinga o ngā tamariki.